《“981”鉆井平臺(tái)作業(yè)：越南的挑釁和中國(guó)的立場(chǎng)》全文
The Operation of the HYSY 981 Drilling Rig: Vietnam's Provocation and China's Position
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| 附件2：1958年9月4日《中華人民共和國(guó)政府關(guān)于領(lǐng)海的聲明》[外交部網(wǎng)站] Annex 2/5: Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China on China's Territorial Sea published on 4 September 1958 |
| 四、西沙群島是中國(guó)領(lǐng)土 | IV. Xisha Islands are part of the Chinese territory |
| （一）西沙群島是中國(guó)固有領(lǐng)土，不存在任何爭(zhēng)議。 | 1. Xisha Islands are an inherent part of China's territory, over which there is no dispute. |
| 中國(guó)最早發(fā)現(xiàn)、最早開發(fā)經(jīng)營(yíng)、最早管轄西沙群島。中國(guó)北宋（公元960-1126年）政府已把西沙群島置于自己的管轄范圍內(nèi)，并派水師赴該海域巡邏。1909年，中國(guó)清政府廣東水師提督李準(zhǔn)率軍視察西沙群島，并在永興島上升旗鳴炮，宣示主權(quán)。1911年，中華民國(guó)政府宣布將西沙群島及其附近水域劃歸海南島崖縣管轄。 | China was the first to discover, develop, exploit and exercise jurisdiction over the Xisha Islands. During the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1126 AD), the Chinese government already established jurisdiction over the Xisha Islands and sent naval forces to patrol the waters there. In 1909, Commander Li Zhun of the Guangdong naval force of the Qing Dynasty led a military inspection mission to the Xisha Islands and reasserted China's sovereignty by hoisting the flag and firing a salvo on the Yongxing Island. In 1911, the government of the Republic of China announced its decision to put the Xisha Islands and their adjacent waters under the jurisdiction of Ya County of Hainan Island. |
| 日本在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間侵占了西沙群島。1945年日本投降后，根據(jù)一系列國(guó)際文件，中國(guó)政府于1946年11月指派高級(jí)官員，乘軍艦赴西沙群島舉行接收儀式，并立碑紀(jì)念，派兵駐守，一度被外國(guó)非法侵占的西沙群島重新置于中國(guó)政府的管轄之下。 | Japan invaded and occupied the Xisha Islands during the Second World War. After Japan's surrender in 1945, in accordance with a series of international documents, the Chinese government sent senior officials boarding military vessels to the Xisha Islands in November 1946 to hold the ceremony for receiving the islands, and a stone tablet was erected to commemorate the handover and troops were stationed there afterwards. The Xisha Islands, which had once been illegally occupied by a foreign country, were thus returned to the jurisdiction of the Chinese government. |
| 1959年，中國(guó)政府設(shè)立“西沙群島、中沙群島、南沙群島辦事處”。1974年1月，中國(guó)軍民驅(qū)走了入侵西沙群島珊瑚島和甘泉島的南越西貢當(dāng)局軍隊(duì)，捍衛(wèi)了中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土主權(quán)。1992年頒布的《中華人民共和國(guó)領(lǐng)海及毗連區(qū)法》和1996年中國(guó)政府公布的西沙群島領(lǐng)?；c(diǎn)基線都相繼確認(rèn)了中國(guó)對(duì)西沙群島的主權(quán)及領(lǐng)海范圍。2012年，中國(guó)政府在西沙群島永興島設(shè)立了三沙市的各類權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)。 | In 1959, the Chinese government established the Administration Office for the Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Islands. In January 1974, the Chinese military and people drove the invading army of the Saigon authority of South Vietnam from the Shanhu Island and Ganquan Island of the Xisha Islands and defended China's territory and sovereignty. The Chinese government enacted the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone in 1992 and published the base points and baselines of the territorial waters of the Xisha Islands in 1996, both of which reaffirm China's sovereignty over the Xisha Islands and the extent of territorial waters of the islands. In 2012, the Chinese government established the various departments of Sansha city on the Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands. |
| （二）1974年以前，越南歷屆政府從未對(duì)中國(guó)西沙群島的主權(quán)提出過(guò)任何異議，無(wú)論在其政府的聲明、照會(huì)里，還是在報(bào)刊、地圖和教科書中，都正式承認(rèn)西沙群島自古以來(lái)就是中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土。 | 2. Prior to 1974, none of the successive Vietnamese governments had ever challenged China's sovereignty over the Xisha Islands. Vietnam had officially recognized the Xisha Islands as part of China's territory since ancient times. This position was reflected in its government statements and notes as well as its newspapers, maps and textbooks. |
| 1956年6月15日，越南民主共和國(guó)外交部副部長(zhǎng)雍文謙接見中國(guó)駐越南大使館臨時(shí)代辦李志民，鄭重表示：“根據(jù)越南方面的資料，從歷史上看，西沙群島和南沙群島應(yīng)當(dāng)屬于中國(guó)領(lǐng)土。”越南外交部亞洲司代司長(zhǎng)黎祿進(jìn)一步具體介紹了越南方面的材料，指出：“從歷史上看，西沙群島和南沙群島早在宋朝時(shí)就已經(jīng)屬于中國(guó)了?！?/td> | During a meeting with chargé d'affaires ad interim Li Zhimin of the Chinese Embassy in Vietnam on 15 June 1956, Vice Foreign Minister of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam Ung Van Khiem solemnly stated that, "according to Vietnamese data, the Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands are historically part of Chinese territory." Le Loc, Acting Director of the Asian Department of the Vietnamese Foreign Ministry, who was present, specifically cited Vietnamese data and pointed out that, "judging from history, these islands were already part of China at the time of the Song Dynasty." |
| 1958年9月4日，中國(guó)政府發(fā)表聲明（見附件2），宣布中國(guó)的領(lǐng)海寬度為12海里，明確指出：“這項(xiàng)規(guī)定適用于包括西沙群島……在內(nèi)的中華人民共和國(guó)的一切領(lǐng)土”。9月6日，越南勞動(dòng)黨中央機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)《人民報(bào)》在第一版全文刊登中國(guó)政府領(lǐng)海聲明。9月14日，越南政府總理范文同照會(huì)（見附件3）中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院總理周恩來(lái)，鄭重表示：“越南民主共和國(guó)政府承認(rèn)和贊同中華人民共和國(guó)政府1958年9月4日關(guān)于領(lǐng)海決定的聲明”，“越南民主共和國(guó)政府尊重這項(xiàng)決定”。 | On 4 September 1958, the Chinese government issued a declaration (see Annex 2/5), stating that the breadth of the territorial waters of the People's Republic of China shall be 12 nautical miles and making it clear that "this provision applies to all the territories of the People's Republic of China, including ... the Xisha Islands". On 6 September, NHAN DAN, the official newspaper of the Central Committee of Vietnamese Workers' Party, published on its front page the full text of the Chinese government's declaration regarding China's territorial sea. On 14 September, Premier Pham Van Dong of the government of Vietnam sent a diplomatic note (see Annex 3/5) to Premier Zhou Enlai of the State Council of China, solemnly stating that "the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam recognizes and supports the declaration of the government of the People's Republic of China on its decision concerning China's territorial sea made on September 4, 1958" and "the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam respects this decision". |
| 1965年5月9日，越南民主共和國(guó)政府就美國(guó)政府確定美軍在越南的“作戰(zhàn)區(qū)域”問(wèn)題發(fā)表聲明，指出：“美國(guó)總統(tǒng)約翰遜把整個(gè)越南和越南海岸以外寬約100海里的附近海域，以及中華人民共和國(guó)西沙群島的一部分領(lǐng)海規(guī)定為美國(guó)武裝力量的作戰(zhàn)區(qū)域”，這是“對(duì)越南民主共和國(guó)及其鄰國(guó)安全的直接威脅”。 | On 9 May 1965, the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam issued a statement with reference to the designation by the US government of the "combat zone" of the US armed forces in Vietnam. It says, "US President Lyndon Johnson designated the whole of Vietnam, and the adjacent waters which extend roughly 100 miles from the coast of Vietnam and part of the territorial waters of the People's Republic of China in its Xisha Islands as 'combat zone' of the United States armed forces ... in direct threat to the security of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and its neighbors ..." |
| 1972年5月越南總理府測(cè)量和繪圖局印制的《世界地圖集》，用中國(guó)名稱標(biāo)注西沙群島（見附件4）。1974年越南教育出版社出版的普通學(xué)校九年級(jí)《地理》教科書，在《中華人民共和國(guó)》一課（見附件5）中寫道：“從南沙、西沙各島到海南島、臺(tái)灣島、澎湖列島、舟山群島，……這些島呈弓形狀，構(gòu)成了保衛(wèi)中國(guó)大陸的一座‘長(zhǎng)城’?！?/td> | The World Atlas printed in May 1972 by the Bureau of Survey and Cartography under the Office of the Premier of Vietnam designated the Xisha Islands by their Chinese names (see Annex 4/5). The geography textbook for ninth graders published by Vietnam's Educational Press in 1974 carried in it a lesson entitled "The People's Republic of China" (see Annex 5/5). It reads, "The chain of islands from the Nansha and Xisha Islands to Hainan Island, Taiwan Island, the Penghu Islands and the Zhoushan Islands ... are shaped like a bow and constitute a Great Wall defending the China mainland." |
| 越南政府現(xiàn)在違背自己所作的承諾，對(duì)中國(guó)西沙群島提出領(lǐng)土要求，嚴(yán)重違背“禁止反言”等國(guó)際法原則和國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則。 | But now the Vietnamese government goes back on its word by making territorial claims over China's Xisha Islands. That is a gross violation of the principles of international law, including the principle of estoppel, and the basic norms governing international relations. |
| 五、妥善處理事態(tài) | V. Properly addressing the situation |
| 中國(guó)是維護(hù)南海和平穩(wěn)定、推動(dòng)地區(qū)國(guó)家合作與發(fā)展的堅(jiān)定力量，也是維護(hù)《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》宗旨和原則、國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則和國(guó)際法基本原則的堅(jiān)定力量。中國(guó)最不希望看到自己的周邊出現(xiàn)任何動(dòng)蕩。 | China is a staunch force for maintaining peace and stability in the South China Sea and promoting cooperation between and development of countries in the region. China firmly upholds the purpose and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, the basic norms of international relations and fundamental principles of international law. The least China wants is any turbulence in its neighborhood. |
| 中國(guó)希望中越關(guān)系良好發(fā)展，但是不能放棄原則。中越之間的溝通渠道是通暢的。中方規(guī)勸越方從維護(hù)兩國(guó)關(guān)系和南海和平穩(wěn)定大局出發(fā)，尊重中方的主權(quán)、主權(quán)權(quán)利和管轄權(quán)，立即停止對(duì)中方作業(yè)任何形式的干擾，并撤走現(xiàn)場(chǎng)所有船只和人員，緩和緊張局勢(shì)，使海上盡快恢復(fù)平靜。中方將繼續(xù)努力同越方溝通，爭(zhēng)取妥善處理當(dāng)前事態(tài)。 | China wants good relations with Vietnam, but there are principles that China cannot abandon. The channel of communication between China and Vietnam is open. China urges Vietnam to bear in mind the overall interests of the bilateral relations and peace and stability in the South China Sea, respect China's sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction, immediately stop all forms of disruptions of the Chinese operation and withdraw all vessels and personnel from the site, so as to ease the tension and restore tranquility at sea as early as possible. China will continue its effort to communicate with Vietnam with a view to properly addressing the current situation. |
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