《新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)的歷史與發(fā)展》白皮書(shū)
White Paper: The History and Development of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
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| 二、職責(zé)與體制 | II. Responsibilities and Structure |
| 新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)是新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)的重要組成部分。兵團(tuán)承擔(dān)著國(guó)家賦予的屯墾戍邊職責(zé)，實(shí)行黨政軍企合一體制，是在自己所轄墾區(qū)內(nèi)，依照國(guó)家和新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)的法律、法規(guī)，自行管理內(nèi)部行政、司法事務(wù)，在國(guó)家實(shí)行計(jì)劃單列的特殊社會(huì)組織，受中央政府和新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)雙重領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。 | Constituting as it does an important part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, the XPCC assumes the responsibilities entrusted to it by the state of cultivating and guarding the border areas, and operates an administrative system with unified Party, government, military, and enterprise roles. It is a special social organization that handles its own administrative and judicial affairs within the reclamation areas under its administration, in accordance with the laws and regulations of the state and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, with economic planning directly supervised by the state. It is subordinated to the dual leadership of the central government and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. |
| 屯墾戍邊是國(guó)家賦予兵團(tuán)的職責(zé)。兵團(tuán)的“屯墾”，以現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)為基礎(chǔ)，同時(shí)大力發(fā)展第二、第三產(chǎn)業(yè)，著重保護(hù)和改善生態(tài)環(huán)境，促進(jìn)新疆的社會(huì)進(jìn)步與民族團(tuán)結(jié)。兵團(tuán)的“戍邊”，一方面守衛(wèi)國(guó)家邊防，另一方面維護(hù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)一和新疆社會(huì)穩(wěn)定，防范和打擊恐怖勢(shì)力的犯罪破壞活動(dòng)。20世紀(jì)80年代后，分裂勢(shì)力、宗教極端勢(shì)力、暴力恐怖勢(shì)力等“三股勢(shì)力”及其破壞活動(dòng)成為影響新疆社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、危害國(guó)家統(tǒng)一的嚴(yán)重威脅，兵團(tuán)戍邊的重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到防范和打擊“三股勢(shì)力”破壞活動(dòng)的任務(wù)上。 | In the course of fulfilling its responsibility to cultivate the border areas, the XPCC has focused on modern agricultural development while expanding secondary and tertiary industries, with emphatic efforts toward protecting and improving the ecological environment and promoting social progress and unity among ethnic groups in Xinjiang. In its endeavor to guard the border areas, the XPCC has strengthened national border defense while maintaining national unity and Xinjiang's social stability, and guarding against and cracking down on criminal sabotage activities by terrorist forces. Since the 1980s separatist, religious extremist and terrorist forces and their sabotage activities have become a major threat to national unity and to Xinjiang's social stability. They are hence the focus of the work of the XPCC in guarding the border areas. |
| 1990年中央政府批準(zhǔn)兵團(tuán)在國(guó)家實(shí)行計(jì)劃單列。兵團(tuán)在繼續(xù)作為新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)的重要組成部分、接受自治區(qū)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的同時(shí)，逐漸由中央政府有關(guān)部門(mén)對(duì)口管理。這種雙重領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制的建立，是兵團(tuán)行政隸屬關(guān)系上的創(chuàng)造性變革，有利于中央與自治區(qū)對(duì)兵團(tuán)的協(xié)調(diào)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，有利于兵團(tuán)履行肩負(fù)的各項(xiàng)職責(zé)，理順了兵團(tuán)與國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)各部門(mén)的關(guān)系，進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)了兵團(tuán)事業(yè)的發(fā)展。多年來(lái)，中央政府對(duì)兵團(tuán)在公共服務(wù)和公共安全、教科文衛(wèi)、農(nóng)林水事務(wù)等領(lǐng)域給予政策支持和資金投入，為兵團(tuán)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展注入了強(qiáng)大的活力和新的生命力。 | In 1990 the central government approved the placing of XPCC economic planning under direct state supervision. The XPCC remains an important component of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is subject to its leadership while under the management of relevant departments of the central government. The adoption of such a dual leadership system signifies an innovative reform in the Corps' administrative subordination, one which facilitates the coordination of leadership over the Corps between the central government and the autonomous region government, and the Corps' fulfillment of its responsibilities, and betters the relations between the Corps and relevant departments of the central authorities, thus promoting the Corps' development. Over the years, the central government has granted policy support and funding to the XPCC in the fields of public services, public security, education, science and technology, culture, health, agriculture, forestry, and water conservancy, so injecting great energy and new vitality into the economic and social development of the XPCC. |
| 兵團(tuán)實(shí)行黨政軍企高度統(tǒng)一的特殊管理體制。兵團(tuán)各級(jí)都建有中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的組織，發(fā)揮著對(duì)兵團(tuán)各項(xiàng)事業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用。兵團(tuán)設(shè)有行政機(jī)關(guān)和政法機(jī)關(guān)，自行管理內(nèi)部行政、司法事務(wù)。兵團(tuán)是一個(gè)“準(zhǔn)軍事實(shí)體”，設(shè)有軍事機(jī)關(guān)和武裝機(jī)構(gòu)，沿用兵團(tuán)、師、團(tuán)、連等軍隊(duì)建制和司令員、師長(zhǎng)、團(tuán)長(zhǎng)、連長(zhǎng)等軍隊(duì)職務(wù)稱(chēng)謂，涵養(yǎng)著一支以民兵為主的武裝力量。兵團(tuán)也稱(chēng)為“中國(guó)新建集團(tuán)公司”，是集農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)、交通、建筑、商業(yè)，承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)任務(wù)的國(guó)有大型企業(yè)。兵團(tuán)的黨、政、軍、企四套領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)與四項(xiàng)職能合為一體。 | The XPCC operates a special administrative system with unified Party, government, military, and enterprise roles. Party organizations have been set up at each level of the Corps to exercise leadership over all its undertakings. The XPCC has administrative and judicial organs to handle its specific administrative and judicial affairs. The Corps is a paramilitary entity with military organs and armed forces units wherein the militias are the mainstay. It is organized in a military structure of corps, divisions, regiments, and companies, whose commanders have corresponding military titles. The XPCC, also known as the China Xinjian Group, is a large state-owned enterprise engaged in agriculture, industry, transport, building, and commerce, and at the same time assumes state assigned economic tasks. The XPCC's leadership combines the functions of the Party, government, military, and enterprise. |
| 兵團(tuán)全面融入新疆社會(huì)，所屬師、團(tuán)場(chǎng)及企事業(yè)單位分布于新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)各地(州)、市、縣(市)行政區(qū)內(nèi)，主要由兵團(tuán)自上而下地實(shí)行統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和垂直管理。在戰(zhàn)略地位重要、團(tuán)場(chǎng)集中連片、經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)好、發(fā)展?jié)摿Υ蟮膲▍^(qū)，設(shè)有7個(gè)“師市合一”的新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)直轄縣級(jí)市和5個(gè)“團(tuán)(場(chǎng))鎮(zhèn)合一”的建制鎮(zhèn)，由兵團(tuán)實(shí)行統(tǒng)一分級(jí)管理?！皫熀褪小?、“團(tuán)(場(chǎng))和鎮(zhèn)”黨政機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置均實(shí)行“一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)、兩塊牌子”。 | The XPCC has fully integrated into Xinjiang society. Its division and regimental farms, subordinate enterprises and public institutions, administered by the Corps in a top-down model of leadership and vertical management, are widely distributed in the prefectures, cities, and counties of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. In reclamation areas, which feature important strategic positions, concentrated distribution of regimental farms, considerable economic strength, and great development potential, the XPCC has set up seven county-level divisions/cities directly administered by Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and five regiments/towns, which are administered by the Corps at different levels. Each division/city or regiment/town has Party leadership and government administration functions integrated into one unit. |
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