2016年國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展計劃報告（全文）
Full text: Report on China's economic, social development plan (2016)

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2016年3月5日，第十二屆全國人民代表大會第四次會議在北京人民大會堂開幕。[中國網(wǎng)]
The fourth session of the 12th National People's Congress opens at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 5, 2016. [Photo/China.org.cn]

關(guān)于2015年國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展計劃執(zhí)行情況與2016年國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展計劃草案的報告	Report on the Implementation of the 2015 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and on the 2016 Draft Plan for National Economic and Social Development?
——2016年3月5日在十二屆全國人民代表大會第四次會議上	Delivered at the Fourth Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress on March 5, 2016
國家發(fā)展和改革委員會	National Development and Reform Commission
各位代表：	Fellow Deputies,
受國務(wù)院委托，現(xiàn)將2015年國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展計劃執(zhí)行情況與2016年國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展計劃草案提請十二屆全國人大四次會議審議，并請全國政協(xié)各位委員提出意見。	The National Development and Reform Commission has been entrusted by the State Council to submit this report on the implementation of the 2015 plan and on the 2016 draft plan for national economic and social development to the Fourth Session of the Twelfth National People' s Congress (NPC) for your deliberation and also for comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People' s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
一、2015年國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展計劃執(zhí)行情況	I. Implementation of the 2015 Plan for National Economic and Social Development
去年以來，國際經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境錯綜復(fù)雜，國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力加大，各類風(fēng)險挑戰(zhàn)明顯增多。各地區(qū)各部門在黨中央國務(wù)院的正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，堅持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，主動適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新常態(tài)，認(rèn)真執(zhí)行十二屆全國人大三次會議審議批準(zhǔn)的2015年國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展計劃，落實全國人大財政經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會的審查意見，扎實做好各方面工作，經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行總體平穩(wěn)，穩(wěn)中有進(jìn)，穩(wěn)中有好，計劃執(zhí)行情況總體是好的。2015年主要目標(biāo)任務(wù)的完成，標(biāo)志著“十二五”規(guī)劃勝利收官，我國站在了更高的發(fā)展水平上。	Last year, China faced a complex international economic environment, mounting downward pressure on its economy, and a marked increase in the number of risks and challenges; despite this, we ensured that the overall implementation of the 2015 Plan for National Economic and Social Development was successful. This was as a result of the efforts of all regions and departments which, under the correct leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council, followed the general principle of making progress while keeping performance stable, worked to adapt to the new normal in economic development, earnestly implemented the 2015 plan approved at the Third Session of the Twelfth NPC, acted in line with the review of the plan by the NPC' s Financial and Economic Affairs Committee, and worked steadfastly to achieve good results in all respects. Overall, we managed to sustain steady economic development while also ensuring progress and improvement. Major targets and tasks set forth for 2015 were accomplished, marking a successful conclusion to the 12th Five-Year Plan, and helping China's development move to the next level.
（一）進(jìn)一步完善宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，經(jīng)濟(jì)保持中高速增長。創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控思路和方式，在區(qū)間調(diào)控基礎(chǔ)上加強(qiáng)定向調(diào)控、相機(jī)調(diào)控，內(nèi)需拉動力增強(qiáng)，出口占國際市場份額繼續(xù)提高。國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到67.67萬億元，增長6.9%，實現(xiàn)年度預(yù)期目標(biāo)。	1. We continued to improve our macroeconomic policy and maintained a medium-high rate of growth. We developed new ideas and methods for macro regulation, and on the basis of range-based regulation, we strengthened both targeted and well-timed regulation. Domestic demand became a stronger economic driver, and the international market share of China's exports continued to increase. China's gross domestic product (GDP) reached 67.67 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.9%, meaning the target set at the beginning of the year has been achieved.
一是投資關(guān)鍵作用有效發(fā)揮。圍繞補(bǔ)短板、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，加大有效投資力度。把重大工程建設(shè)作為促進(jìn)投資增長的“牛鼻子”，優(yōu)化中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)立和投放專項建設(shè)基金，多措并舉鼓勵和吸引社會投資，11大類重大投資工程包建設(shè)有效推進(jìn)。全社會固定資產(chǎn)投資增長9.8%，民間投資占固定資產(chǎn)投資（不含農(nóng)戶）比重提高到64.2%。	1) Investment played the key role in driving economic growth. Strengthening points of weakness and adjusting the economic structure were our primary focus when increasing the level of effective investment. To utilize the construction of major projects to stimulate investment growth, we improved the structure of investment from the central government budget, established and earmarked capital for special development funds, and adopted a wide range of measures to encourage and attract nongovernmental investment. As a result, considerable progress was achieved in the construction of major projects in 11 categories. Total fixed-asset investment for the year rose by 9.8%, of which 64.2% came from nongovernmental sources (excluding rural households).
專欄1：11大類重大投資工程包。	Box 1: 11 Categories of Major Projects for Investment
二是消費(fèi)潛力繼續(xù)釋放。扎實推進(jìn)6大領(lǐng)域消費(fèi)工程，實現(xiàn)投資3萬億元，帶動相關(guān)消費(fèi)2.8萬億元。旅游、網(wǎng)購、新能源汽車等消費(fèi)新增長點不斷培育壯大，社會消費(fèi)品零售總額增長10.7%。	2) Consumption potential was further exploited. Steady progress was achieved in six major projects aimed at stimulating consumption, and the three trillion yuan investment in these six projects contributed to consumption worth 2.8 trillion yuan. Tourism, online shopping, new-energy vehicles, and other new growth areas in consumer spending continued to grow, and total retail sales of consumer goods for the year rose by 10.7%.
專欄2：6大領(lǐng)域消費(fèi)工程。	Box 2: Six Major Projects to Stimulate Consumption
三是經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化。消費(fèi)超投資、三產(chǎn)超二產(chǎn)的特征更加明顯，消費(fèi)對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)到66.4%；第三產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重首次過半，達(dá)到50.5%。城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)協(xié)同性增強(qiáng)，新型城鎮(zhèn)化積極推進(jìn)，常住人口城鎮(zhèn)化率56.1%。	3) The economic structure was further improved. In terms of the contribution to economic growth, consumption far outweighed investment, making a 66.4% contribution, while the tertiary industry accounted for far more than the secondary industry. The value-added of the tertiary industry accounted for over half of GDP for the first time, reaching 50.5%. Development between urban and rural areas and between regions became more balanced and coordinated. The New Urbanization saw positive progress, with permanent urban residents now accounting for 56.1% of the population.
四是就業(yè)形勢總體穩(wěn)定。新一輪促進(jìn)就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)措施出臺，創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新對就業(yè)的帶動作用增強(qiáng)。城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1312萬人，年末城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率4.05%。	4) The overall employment situation remained stable. New measures to increase employment and business start-ups were introduced, and entrepreneurship and innovation began to make a bigger contribution to increasing employment. An additional 13.12 million urban jobs were created throughout the year. The registered urban unemployment rate stood at 4.05% at the end of 2015.
五是價格總水平溫和上漲。居民消費(fèi)價格上漲1.4%。價格收費(fèi)監(jiān)管和反壟斷執(zhí)法深入開展，依法查處價格違法案件3.42萬件，實施經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁104.77億元，減輕企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)約89億元。	5) Overall prices rose moderately. The consumer price index (CPI) rose by 1.4%. We intensified oversight in relation to prices and charges and increased law enforcement to combat monopolistic pricing. In total, we investigated and dealt with 34,200 cases of pricing violations and imposed economic penalties totaling 10.477 billion yuan in accordance with the law. Our work in this area also helped reduce the burden on enterprises by about 8.9 billion yuan.
（二）改革開放向縱深推進(jìn)，市場活力和社會創(chuàng)造力不斷釋放。簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)深入推進(jìn)，重要領(lǐng)域改革取得積極進(jìn)展，開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)新體制加快構(gòu)建。	2. We deepened reform and opening up and stimulated market vitality and social creativity. We continued to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improving regulation, and provide better services. Progress was made in reforms in key areas, and the building of new systems for an open economy was accelerated.
一是行政審批制度改革不斷深化。取消和下放311項行政審批事項，全部取消非行政許可審批，取消214項中央指定地方實施的行政審批事項，取消123項職業(yè)資格許可和認(rèn)定事項。取消國務(wù)院部門行政審批中70%的中介服務(wù)事項。取消屬于企業(yè)經(jīng)營自主權(quán)范圍的18項核準(zhǔn)前置手續(xù)。簡政放權(quán)三張清單、四大平臺初步建立?！叭C合一”、“一照一碼”全面實施，新登記注冊企業(yè)443.9萬戶，增長21.6%。不動產(chǎn)登記暫行條例正式實施。	1) The reform of the government review and approval system continued. We cancelled the requirement for or delegated the power of government review on 311 items, cancelled all non-administrative review, exempted 214 items from review and approval conducted by local governments on behalf of the central government, and cancelled the requirement for approval and verification of 123 vocational qualifications. Seventy percent of the intermediary services involved in the review and approval practices of State Council bodies were cancelled. The requirement for pre-registration government review and approval on 18 items was cancelled, and these items are now listed as preliminaries that can be prepared by enterprises themselves. For the purpose of streamlining administration and delegating powers, initial steps were taken to establish the three lists and four platforms. Comprehensive steps were taken nationwide to replace the separate business license, organization code certificate, and taxation registration certificate with a unified business license with a unified social credit code. A total of 4.439 million enterprises were registered in 2015, an increase of 21.6%. The provisional regulations on the registration of immovable property were officially implemented.
專欄3：簡政放權(quán)三張清單、四大平臺。	Box 3: Lists and Platforms for Streamlining Administration and Delegating Powers
二是財稅金融改革扎實推進(jìn)。中央對地方轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度進(jìn)一步完善，稅收征管體制改革啟動，資源稅從價計征范圍擴(kuò)大，營改增改革穩(wěn)步實施。促進(jìn)普惠金融、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融、民營銀行發(fā)展等政策文件發(fā)布實施，取消存款利率浮動上限，利率管制基本放開。存款保險制度正式實施。完善人民幣匯率中間價形成機(jī)制，人民幣加入國際貨幣基金組織特別提款權(quán)（SDR）貨幣籃子。政策性、開發(fā)性金融機(jī)構(gòu)改革取得新進(jìn)展。采取有效措施防范系統(tǒng)性金融風(fēng)險。	2) Fiscal, tax, and financial reforms were steadily pushed forward. We made further improvements to the system of transfer payments to local governments, launched reform of the administration system for tax collection, extended the price-based resource tax to cover more types of resources, and registered steady progress in replacing business tax with VAT. Policies promoting the development of inclusive finance, Internet finance, and private banks were published and implemented, floating limits on interest rates on deposits were abolished, and most controls over interest rates were lifted. The deposit insurance system was officially implemented. The mechanism for determining the central parity of RMB exchange rate was improved, and the RMB was included in the International Monetary Fund' s special drawing rights (SDR) basket. Fresh progress was made in the reform of policy-backed financial institutions and developmental financial institutions. Effective measures were taken to prevent the occurrence of systemic financial risks.
三是投融資體制持續(xù)創(chuàng)新。開展政府和社會資本合作（PPP），通過特許經(jīng)營、投資補(bǔ)助等多種方式，鼓勵引導(dǎo)社會資本參與基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公用事業(yè)建設(shè)運(yùn)營。調(diào)整和完善固定資產(chǎn)投資項目資本金比例制度。適當(dāng)調(diào)整和放寬企業(yè)債券發(fā)行條件，推出城市停車場、地下綜合管廊、戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)、養(yǎng)老產(chǎn)業(yè)、雙創(chuàng)孵化、配電網(wǎng)建設(shè)改造等6個專項債券和項目收益?zhèn)⒕G色債券創(chuàng)新品種。	3) The investment and financing systems continued to undergo innovation. We used the public-private partnership (PPP) model and other measures such as granting franchise and subsidizing investment to encourage and guide the involvement of nongovernmental capital in the construction and operation of infrastructure and public utilities. We adjusted and improved the capital contribution requirements for fixed-asset investment projects. We properly adjusted and relaxed corporate bond issuance requirements, and issued new bonds such as project revenue bonds and bonds for eco-friendly initiatives, as well as six special bonds to finance the construction of urban parking lots and underground utility tunnels, the development of strategic emerging industries, the improvement of elderly care services, the building of incubators for entrepreneurship and innovation, and the construction and upgrading of power distribution grids.
四是價格改革力度加大。印發(fā)實施推進(jìn)價格機(jī)制改革的若干意見。放開、下放近40項商品和服務(wù)價格。修訂政府定價目錄，中央、地方具體定價項目分別減少80%和55%。降低燃煤發(fā)電上網(wǎng)電價和工商業(yè)用電價格，大幅降低非居民用天然氣門站價格。健全節(jié)能環(huán)保價格政策。繼續(xù)清理規(guī)范進(jìn)出口環(huán)節(jié)收費(fèi)。	4) Price reform was intensified. The guidelines for moving ahead with price reform were published and implemented. Pricing controls over nearly 40 goods and services were either lifted or delegated to lower-level governments. We revised the government pricing catalog, with pricing items being reduced by 80% for the central government and by 55% for local governments. We reduced the price of on-grid electricity from coal-fired power plants and the price of electricity for industry and commerce, and significantly decreased natural gas citygate prices for non-residential users. We improved pricing policies to make them more conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection. We further reviewed and standardized charges related to imports and exports.
專欄4：重點領(lǐng)域價格改革。	Box 4: Price Reform in Key Areas
五是國有企業(yè)和重點行業(yè)改革穩(wěn)步展開。10項國有企業(yè)改革試點啟動實施。國資委履行出資人職責(zé)的中央企業(yè)從112家減少到106家。新一輪電力體制改革啟動。石油天然氣勘查開發(fā)體制改革開始試點。國有林場和國有林區(qū)、水利、供銷社、農(nóng)墾改革有序推進(jìn)。	5) Steady progress was made in the reform of State-owned Enterprises (SOEs) and major industries. Ten pilot projects were launched as part of the reform of SOEs and the number of central government enterprises for which the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission is the investor was reduced from 112 to 106. We started a new round of structural reform of the electricity industry, began trials to reform the petroleum and natural gas exploration and exploitation system, and systematically promoted the reform of state forestry farms and forestry regions, water conservancy enterprises, rural supply and marketing cooperatives, and state farms on reclaimed land.
專欄5：國有企業(yè)改革。	Box 5: Reform of SOEs
六是社會領(lǐng)域改革繼續(xù)深化。城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)保障機(jī)制進(jìn)一步完善。機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位養(yǎng)老保險制度改革啟動。在100個城市開展公立醫(yī)院綜合改革試點，縣級公立醫(yī)院綜合改革全面推開，城鄉(xiāng)居民大病保險覆蓋所有基本醫(yī)保參保人，分級診療制度積極推進(jìn)。臨時救助制度全面實施。降低失業(yè)、工傷、生育保險費(fèi)率，每年可減少企業(yè)繳費(fèi)600多億元。中央和國家機(jī)關(guān)公務(wù)用車制度改革全面完成，中央企事業(yè)單位公務(wù)用車制度改革啟動實施，地方黨政機(jī)關(guān)公務(wù)用車制度改革深入推進(jìn)。行業(yè)協(xié)會商會與行政機(jī)關(guān)脫鉤試點全面推開。青海等9省市開展國家公園體制試點。	6) Social reforms were deepened. The mechanism for securing funding for urban and rural compulsory education was improved. Reform of the old age insurance system in Party and government bodies and public institutions was launched. Comprehensive reform of public hospitals was fully implemented in all counties with the reform also being carried out on a trial basis in 100 cities. We worked to ensure that all rural and non-working urban residents who have subscribed to basic medical insurance are also covered by the major disease insurance scheme, and actively promoted the system of tiered diagnosis and treatment. The temporary assistance system was implemented throughout the country. We lowered the premiums for unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, and maternity insurance, which has helped enterprises to reduce annual contributions by over 60 billion yuan. Reform of the system for the use of official vehicles was completed in all organs of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, this reform was also launched in central government enterprises and public institutions, and its implementation was deepened in local Party and government bodies. Trials to untie industry associations and chambers of commerce from any connections they may have with the government were carried out nationwide. The national park system was implemented on a trial basis in Qinghai and other eight provinces and provincial-level municipalities.
七是對外開放新格局加快形成。構(gòu)建開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)新體制的若干意見發(fā)布實施。推進(jìn)共建“一帶一路”的愿景與行動正式發(fā)布，“六廊六路多國多港”建設(shè)取得積極進(jìn)展。對“一帶一路”相關(guān)國家直接投資148億美元，增長18.2%。國際產(chǎn)能和裝備制造合作指導(dǎo)意見發(fā)布實施，鐵路、核電等走出去實現(xiàn)突破。亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行正式成立，絲路基金啟動運(yùn)行。支持沿邊重點地區(qū)開發(fā)開放若干政策措施的意見出臺。修訂外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)指導(dǎo)目錄，外商投資限制類條目減少50%，有股比要求的條目減少40%，95%以上項目實現(xiàn)備案管理。外債管理由審批制改為備案登記制。新設(shè)立廣東、天津、福建3個自貿(mào)試驗區(qū)，上海自貿(mào)試驗區(qū)擴(kuò)展區(qū)域。簽署中韓、中澳自貿(mào)協(xié)定和中國－東盟自貿(mào)區(qū)升級議定書。非金融類外商直接投資1263億美元，增長5.6%，其中服務(wù)業(yè)利用外資比重超過60%。非金融類境外直接投資1180億美元，增長14.7%。	7) The pace to create a new pattern of opening up was accelerated. Guidelines on building new systems for an open economy were issued and implemented. The Vision and Action Plan for Jointly Building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (the Belt and Road) was officially published, and progress was achieved in the development of six economic corridors and six channels for communications and distribution with key countries and ports serving as connection hubs. Direct investments totaling US$ 14.8 billion were made to the countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative, an increase of 18.2% over the previous year. The guidelines on international cooperation on industrial capacity and equipment manufacturing were released and implemented, and breakthroughs were made in China's rail transit technology and nuclear power "going global" . The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank was officially established and the Silk Road Fund was put into operation. Guidelines relating to certain policies and measures supporting the development and opening up of major border areas were published. As a result of implementing the revised Catalog for the Guidance of Industries for Foreign Investment, the number of industries in which foreign investment is restricted was cut by 50%, the number of industries in which the amount of foreign investment is limited was reduced by 40%, and over 95% of all foreign investment projects are now only required to be placed on record with relevant authorities. The model for managing foreign debt was transformed so that foreign debt needs only to be registered instead of reviewed and approved. An additional three pilot free trade zones were established in Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian, and the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone was extended in area. Free trade agreements with the Republic of Korea (RoK) and Australia were signed respectively, as was the Protocol to Amend the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation between ASEAN and the People's Republic of China. Non-financial foreign direct investment totaled US$ 126.3 billion, a year-on-year increase of 5.6%, of which the service sector accounted for over 60%. Non-financial outward direct investment amounted to US$ 118 billion, an increase of 14.7%. The six economic corridors include the New Eurasian Continental Bridge, the China-Mongolia-Russia corridor, the China-Central Asia-West Asia corridor, the China-Indochina Peninsula corridor, the China-Pakistan corridor, and the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar corridor. The six channels for communications and distribution refer to highways, railways, airlines, waterways, pipelines, and information networks.
專欄6：國際產(chǎn)能和裝備制造合作。	Box 6: International Cooperation on Industrial Capacity and Equipment Manufacturing
（三）堅持創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展，新產(chǎn)業(yè)新業(yè)態(tài)加快形成。出臺深化體制機(jī)制改革加快實施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的若干意見，推進(jìn)全面創(chuàng)新改革試驗，大力推動創(chuàng)新和產(chǎn)業(yè)升級。	3. We continued to pursue innovation-driven development and accelerated the development of new industries and new forms of business. We issued guidelines on deepening structural and institutional reforms and accelerating the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, pushed forward pilot reforms for all-round innovation, and devoted great energy to promoting innovation and industrial upgrading.
一是大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新蓬勃發(fā)展。大力推進(jìn)大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新若干政策措施的意見出臺實施?！盎ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)+”行動計劃啟動，大數(shù)據(jù)、電子商務(wù)等領(lǐng)域新業(yè)態(tài)不斷涌現(xiàn)。眾創(chuàng)眾包眾扶眾籌支撐平臺加快發(fā)展，全國各類眾創(chuàng)空間超過2300家，技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移示范機(jī)構(gòu)達(dá)453家，技術(shù)交易總額接近1萬億元。國家新興產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)投資引導(dǎo)基金設(shè)立。中小企業(yè)公共服務(wù)平臺在26個省實現(xiàn)互聯(lián)互通。首屆全國雙創(chuàng)活動周成功舉辦。	1) Entrepreneurship and innovation gained momentum. We published and implemented guidelines on certain policies and measures for promoting entrepreneurship and innovation. The Internet Plus action plan was launched and new forms of business continued to emerge in sectors such as big data and E-commerce. Efforts were stepped up to develop support platforms for crowd innovation, crowdsourcing, crowd support, and crowdfunding, with the number of maker spaces in China exceeding 2,300, the number of institutions for demonstrating technology transfer reaching 453, and the total value of the trade in technology reaching almost one trillion yuan. The state seed fund for investment in emerging industries was set up, the public service platforms for small and medium-sized enterprises in 26 provinces were interconnected, and the first National Week for Entrepreneurship and Innovation was held.
專欄7：創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動。	Box 7: Innovation-Driven Development
二是傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級步伐加快?！爸袊圃?025”和增強(qiáng)制造業(yè)核心競爭力三年行動計劃啟動實施，在增強(qiáng)制造業(yè)核心競爭力、產(chǎn)業(yè)振興和技術(shù)改造等領(lǐng)域推進(jìn)一批重大工程。具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)動車組成功下線，一批現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械高端產(chǎn)品取得突破，成功組建國家機(jī)器人檢測與評定中心，自主品牌工業(yè)機(jī)器人示范應(yīng)用順利推進(jìn)。先進(jìn)制造產(chǎn)業(yè)投資基金設(shè)立，首期基金規(guī)模200億元，有效吸引了社會資本參與。	2) The transformation and upgrading of traditional industries were accelerated. The Made in China 2025 strategy and the three-year action plan for enhancing the core competitiveness of our manufacturing industries were launched. We advanced major projects in the manufacturing sector aimed at strengthening core competitiveness, promoting industrial rejuvenation, and encouraging technology upgrading. The Chinese-standard EMU trains for which we hold the intellectual property rights rolled off the production line, breakthroughs in the development of a number of sophisticated modern agricultural machines were made, the National Robot Test and Evaluation Center was established, and smooth progress was made in the demonstration and application of Chinese-brand industrial robots. We set up an investment fund for advanced manufacturing, raising 20 billion yuan in the first round of funding, a portion of which came from private investors.
三是堅定不移化解產(chǎn)能嚴(yán)重過剩矛盾。清理整頓違規(guī)項目，嚴(yán)禁備案和建設(shè)產(chǎn)能嚴(yán)重過剩行業(yè)新增產(chǎn)能項目，產(chǎn)能擴(kuò)張勢頭得到遏制。全年淘汰煉鐵產(chǎn)能1300萬噸、煉鋼1700萬噸、水泥3800萬噸、電解鋁30萬噸、平板玻璃1100萬重量箱以上。煤炭行業(yè)脫困深入推進(jìn)。	3) Unremitting efforts were made to address the serious problem of overcapacity. In order to curb the expansion of production capacity, we reviewed and reorganized projects that were in violation of relevant regulations, and strictly forbade the registration and construction of new projects in industries that were already burdened with severe overcapacity. Last year we reduced excess production capacity by 13 million metric tons of iron, 17 million metric tons of steel, 38 million metric tons of cement, 300,000 metric tons of electrolytic aluminum, and 11 million weight cases of plate glass. Efforts were stepped up to help turn the coal industry around.
四是戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)取得新進(jìn)展。國家民用空間基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)全面啟動，我國自主研制的C919大型客機(jī)總裝下線，ARJ21新型支線飛機(jī)實現(xiàn)首架交付。北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)廣泛應(yīng)用，云計算、基因檢測、新能源汽車、機(jī)器人、移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等行業(yè)快速發(fā)展，集成電路、海洋工程裝備、醫(yī)療器械等行業(yè)向高端邁進(jìn)。	4) New progress was made in the development of strategic emerging industries. The national program for civil space infrastructure was fully implemented; China' s homegrown large passenger aircraft, the C919, rolled off the production line; and the new regional airliner, the ARJ21, was put into service. The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System was widely used, and sectors such as cloud computing, genetic testing, new-energy vehicles, robotics, and mobile Internet experienced rapid development. A number of industries including integrated circuits, marine engineering equipment, and medical equipment started moving toward the high end.
五是現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)加快創(chuàng)新發(fā)展。加快發(fā)展生活性服務(wù)業(yè)促進(jìn)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)升級的指導(dǎo)意見出臺，服務(wù)業(yè)市場準(zhǔn)入進(jìn)一步放開，綜合改革試點扎實推進(jìn)，跨境電子商務(wù)綜合試驗區(qū)進(jìn)展順利。第三產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值增長8.3%。	5) Innovation in and development of the modern service industry were accelerated. We issued guidelines on accelerating the development of consumer services and promoting the upgrading of the consumption structure, further lifted restrictions on market access in the service sector, made solid progress in comprehensive pilot reforms in this area, and advanced smoothly the development of integrated experimental zones for cross-border E-commerce. The value-added of the tertiary industry increased by 8.3% over the previous year.
六是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)更加完善。綜合交通體系建設(shè)全面推進(jìn)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)總里程達(dá)到494萬公里。能源供應(yīng)能力增強(qiáng)，消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化，非化石能源消費(fèi)比重上升到12%，煤炭消費(fèi)比重下降到64%?！皩拵е袊睉?zhàn)略深入推進(jìn)，新一代信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施日趨完善。	6) Infrastructure networks were further improved. We pressed ahead with the development of comprehensive transportation systems, with the length of transportation lines open to traffic reaching 4.94 million kilometers. China's energy supply capacity was enhanced and its energy consumption structure was improved, with the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption increasing to 12% of total energy consumption, while coal consumption decreased to account for 64% of total energy consumption. The National Broadband Internet Agenda was further implemented and next-generation information infrastructure continued to improve.
專欄8：重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。	Box 8: Major Infrastructure Construction
（四）推動城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，新的增長點增長極增長帶加快形成?！叭髴?zhàn)略”、“四大板塊”、新型城鎮(zhèn)化積極推進(jìn)，新的發(fā)展空間不斷拓展。	4. We promoted coordinated development between urban and rural areas and between regions and sped up the formation of new areas of growth, growth poles, and growth belts. Positive headway was made in the implementation of the Three Initiatives (the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative; the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region; and the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt), the development of the four regions (the western, northeastern, central, and eastern regions), and the promotion of the New Urbanization, all of which have made a contribution toward creating new space for development.
一是“三大戰(zhàn)略”正在從藍(lán)圖向現(xiàn)實轉(zhuǎn)化?！耙粠б宦贰苯ㄔO(shè)開局良好。京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展穩(wěn)步前行，北京非首都功能疏解有序開展，交通、生態(tài)、產(chǎn)業(yè)三個重點領(lǐng)域率先突破加快推進(jìn)。長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展深入推進(jìn)，綠色生態(tài)廊道加快構(gòu)建，綜合交通體系逐步完善。	1) The blueprint for the Three Initiatives produced tangible results. The Belt and Road Initiative got off to a good start. Steady progress was made in the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, with functions non-essential to Beijing's role as the capital being relocated away from the city in an orderly manner and initial breakthroughs being made in the three key areas of transportation, ecological conservation, and industry. Efforts to develop the Yangtze River Economic Belt were stepped up, with the development of the green, ecological corridor beginning to pick up speed and the comprehensive transportation system being gradually improved.
專欄9：“三大戰(zhàn)略”實施。	Box 9: Implementation of the Three Initiatives
二是“四大板塊”發(fā)展更趨協(xié)調(diào)。新一輪西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略加快落實，采取有效舉措積極應(yīng)對東北地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力，中部地區(qū)綜合交通樞紐和生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)建設(shè)步伐加快，東部地區(qū)在改革創(chuàng)新、轉(zhuǎn)型升級、提質(zhì)增效方面繼續(xù)發(fā)揮示范作用。國家級新區(qū)建設(shè)發(fā)展勢頭良好。	2) The development of the four regions became more coordinated. Efforts were increased to accelerate large-scale development in the western region, while effective measures were adopted to respond to the downward pressure on economic development in the northeast. The development of integrated transportation hubs and eco-economic zones in the central region was accelerated. And the eastern region continued to play an exemplary role in carrying out reform and innovation, transforming and upgrading industries, and improving the quality and performance of the economy. In addition, state-level new areas enjoyed sound development.
專欄10：“四大板塊”建設(shè)。	Box 10: Development of the Four Regions
專欄11：重要功能平臺構(gòu)建。	Box 11: Development of Major Function Platforms
三是新型城鎮(zhèn)化積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)?！耙蝗陔p新”工程進(jìn)展順利，27個省區(qū)市和新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)出臺戶籍制度改革實施意見，居住證暫行條例印發(fā)實施。新型城市建設(shè)和新生中小城市培育有序推進(jìn)。長三角、成渝、哈長等城市群規(guī)劃編制完成。國家新型城鎮(zhèn)化綜合試點擴(kuò)大到2個省和135個城市（鎮(zhèn)）。市縣“多規(guī)合一”改革取得積極成效。	3) The New Urbanization was advanced in an active yet prudent way. Projects to help rural migrant workers become permanent urban residents, to cultivate emerging small and medium-sized cities, and to promote new models of urban development all made smooth progress. Twenty-seven provinces (including autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) as well as the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps published their guidelines for carrying out reform of the household registration system, and provisional regulations concerning the residence certificate were published and implemented. Steady progress was made in advancing new models of urban development and in the cultivation of emerging small and medium-sized cities. Plans for the development of city clusters were completed for the Yangtze River Delta, and for the Chengdu-Chongqing and Harbin-Changchun regions. We further extended the state comprehensive pilot project for the New Urbanization to two provinces and 135 cities or towns. Positive results were achieved in implementing the reform to replace multiple plans for city (county) development with one master plan.
（五）加快轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式，農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化扎實推進(jìn)。農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)發(fā)展，糧食產(chǎn)量實現(xiàn)“十二連增”。	5. We accelerated the transformation of the agricultural growth model and made solid progress in agricultural modernization. Agricultural and rural development remained steady, and grain output increased for the twelfth consecutive year.
一是農(nóng)業(yè)支持政策創(chuàng)新完善?！叭r(nóng)”投入繼續(xù)加大，中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資用于“三農(nóng)”的比重連續(xù)5年超過50%。全國涉農(nóng)資金專項整治行動圓滿完成，省級涉農(nóng)資金整合優(yōu)化試點啟動實施。糧食最低收購價和臨時收儲政策逐步完善，新疆棉花、東北和內(nèi)蒙古大豆目標(biāo)價格改革試點進(jìn)展順利。糧棉油糖化肥等重要商品市場調(diào)控加強(qiáng)。	1) Support policies for agriculture were innovated and improved. Investment in agriculture, rural areas, and farmers continued to grow, and for the fifth consecutive year the proportion of funds appropriated for investment in these three areas from the central government budget exceeded 50% of total funds. The program for the review of state funds for agricultural development was successfully completed, and the trials of integrating and optimizing the use of provincial funds for agricultural development were launched. We worked steadily to improve the policy for setting minimum state grain purchase prices and the policy for the temporary state purchase and storage of grain, and solid progress was made in implementing pilot reforms for guaranteeing base prices for cotton in Xinjiang, and for soybean in the northeast and Inner Mongolia. We strengthened regulation over the market for major commodities such as grain, cotton, edible oil, sugar, and chemical fertilizers.
二是農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)繼續(xù)強(qiáng)化。重大水利工程建設(shè)加快推進(jìn)。大中型灌區(qū)節(jié)水改造和新增1000億斤糧食生產(chǎn)能力規(guī)劃田間工程加快實施，現(xiàn)代種業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)得到加強(qiáng)，糧食收儲倉容建設(shè)力度加大。農(nóng)村水電路氣房等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)深入推進(jìn)，城鄉(xiāng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通、共建共享步伐加快。農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染治理、東北黑土地保護(hù)利用、已墾草原治理試點啟動，耕地重金屬污染治理、地下水超采治理試點積極推進(jìn)。	2) Agricultural and rural infrastructure development was further strengthened. Construction on major water conservancy projects was accelerated. We stepped up efforts to upgrade water-saving facilities in medium-sized and large irrigation areas and carried out farmland improvement projects to support the plan to increase China's grain production capacity by 50 million metric tons, while also developing the infrastructure needed for a modern seed industry and expanding the capacity of grain silos. Further progress was made in strengthening rural infrastructure such as roads, housing, and water, power, and methane supply capacity. In order to increase cooperation and connectivity, urban and rural areas moved faster to jointly build and share infrastructure as well as public service facilities. Pilot projects were launched to control pollution from non-point agricultural sources, utilize and protect chernozem soil in the northeast, and improve the management of grassland reclamation areas; and progress was made in the trials for treating heavy-metal pollution on farmland and the over-abstraction of groundwater.
專欄12：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。	Box 12: Agricultural and Rural Infrastructure Development
三是農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整邁出新步伐。糧食產(chǎn)量6.21億噸，肉蛋奶、果蔬茶、水產(chǎn)品等重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品豐產(chǎn)豐收。畜禽養(yǎng)殖規(guī)?；侍岣叩?4%，糧改飼、糧豆輪作試點全面啟動。農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化水平達(dá)到63%，農(nóng)業(yè)科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率56%。	3) New strides were made in agricultural structural adjustment. Grain output reached 621 million metric tons, and harvests and production levels remained high for major agricultural products such as meat, egg, milk, fruits, vegetables, tea, and aquatic products. As much as 54% of livestock and poultry farming is now carried out on a large scale; trials to replace grain crop cultivation with feed crop cultivation and to rotate crops between grain and soybean were launched across the board. The overall level of mechanization in plowing, sowing, and harvesting reached 63%, and advances in agricultural science and technology contributed to 56% of agricultural production.
四是農(nóng)村改革穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。農(nóng)村土地征收、集體經(jīng)營性建設(shè)用地入市和宅基地制度改革試點在33個縣級行政區(qū)域?qū)嵤?，農(nóng)村承包土地經(jīng)營權(quán)和農(nóng)民住房財產(chǎn)權(quán)抵押貸款試點在278個縣級行政區(qū)域?qū)嵤?。農(nóng)村集體資產(chǎn)股份權(quán)能改革試點有序推進(jìn)。家庭農(nóng)場、農(nóng)民合作社、產(chǎn)業(yè)化龍頭企業(yè)等新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體近250萬家。	4) Steady progress was achieved in rural reform. Pilot reforms relating to rural land requisition, the marketization of rural collective land designated for business-related construction, and the system of land used for rural housing were carried out in 33 county-level administrative areas; and trials to allow contracted rural land-use rights and farmers' home property rights to be used as collateral to borrow money were implemented in 278 county-level administrative areas. The pilot reform relating to granting shareholder rights for rural collective assets proceeded in an orderly manner. The number of family farms, farmers' cooperatives, leading agricultural enterprises, and other new types of agribusiness amounted to nearly 2.5 million.
（六）生態(tài)文明建設(shè)力度加大，節(jié)能環(huán)保目標(biāo)超額完成。單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗和二氧化碳排放量分別下降5.6%和6%以上，二氧化硫、化學(xué)需氧量、氨氮、氮氧化物排放量分別下降5.8%、3.1%、3.6%和10.9%，萬元工業(yè)增加值用水量下降3.9%。	6. We intensified efforts to promote ecological progress, and surpassed this year' s targets for energy conservation and environmental protection. Energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by at least 5.6%, carbon dioxide emissions by at least 6%, sulfur dioxide emissions by 5.8%, chemical oxygen demand by 3.1%, ammonia nitrogen by 3.6%, nitrogen oxide emissions by 10.9%, and water consumption per 10,000 yuan of value-added of industry by 3.9%.
一是生態(tài)文明建設(shè)持續(xù)加強(qiáng)。加快推進(jìn)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的意見和生態(tài)文明體制改革總體方案發(fā)布實施，生態(tài)文明先行示范區(qū)建設(shè)進(jìn)展順利。主體功能區(qū)環(huán)境政策、全國海洋主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃、全國生態(tài)功能區(qū)劃印發(fā)實施。擴(kuò)大新一輪退耕還林還草工程實施范圍，完成造林面積632萬公頃，全國草原綜合植被蓋度達(dá)54%。石漠化治理、濕地保護(hù)得到加強(qiáng)，新增水土流失綜合治理面積540萬公頃。	1) Efforts to promote ecological conservation continued to intensify. We promulgated and implemented both the guidelines on accelerating ecological advancement and the integrated reform plan for promoting ecological progress, and continued to ensure the smooth development of pilot demonstration zones for promoting ecological progress. Environmental policies relating to functional zones, the national plan for marine functional zones, and the revised national plan for ecosystem service zones were published and implemented. We expanded the scope of a new round of projects to return marginal farmland to forest or grassland and afforested 6.32 million hectares of land, and the national vegetation fractional coverage of grasslands reached 54%. Efforts were intensified to prevent the expansion of stony deserts and protect wetlands, and integrated measures were taken to bring soil erosion under control on an additional 5.4 million hectares of land.
二是節(jié)能減排深入開展。在大氣污染治理重點城市實行煤炭消費(fèi)總量控制，煤電節(jié)能減排升級改造行動計劃全面實施。環(huán)境污染第三方治理、再制造產(chǎn)品“以舊換再”和生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸制度等試點示范有序開展。綠色建筑積極推進(jìn)。農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用得到加強(qiáng)。	2) Further progress was made in energy conservation and emissions reduction. A ceiling on total coal consumption was imposed in each major air-polluting city, and the action plan to promote energy conservation and reduce emissions through the upgrading of coal-fired power plants was fully implemented. The pilot demonstration projects to commission a third party to treat pollution, encourage the trading in of old equipment and parts for remanufactured ones, and implement a system for extended producer responsibility were all carried out in an orderly manner. We promoted both the construction of green buildings and the comprehensive utilization of crop straw.
三是污染治理全力推進(jìn)。首批實施新環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的74個城市細(xì)顆粒物（PM2.5）平均濃度下降14.1%。重點流域水污染防治和湖泊生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)工程力度加大，地表水達(dá)到或好于Ⅲ類水體比例提高到66%。啟動土壤污染治理與修復(fù)試點示范項目，推進(jìn)污染場地環(huán)境監(jiān)管試點。	3) An all-out effort was made to address pollution. The average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) dropped by 14.1% in the 74 cities where the new ambient air quality standards were first applied last year. More efforts were made to prevent and control water pollution in major water basins and to protect the ecosystems of lakes; as a result, the proportion of surface water with a water quality rating of Grade III or higher has risen to 66%. The pilot demonstration project to treat and restore contaminated soil was launched, and progress was made in trials for the environmental monitoring of contaminated sites.
四是應(yīng)對氣候變化取得新進(jìn)展。啟動第一批低碳城（鎮(zhèn)）試點。在北京、天津、上海、重慶、廣東、湖北、深圳等7個地方推進(jìn)碳排放權(quán)交易試點。建設(shè)性參與氣候變化巴黎大會，提出全球氣候治理中國方案，推動達(dá)成巴黎協(xié)定。	4) Fresh achievements were made in responding to climate change. The first round of pilot projects for low-carbon cities (towns) were launched, and trials for trading carbon emissions rights were carried out in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangdong, Hubei, and Shenzhen. Our participation and constructive role at the United Nations Climate Change conference in Paris allowed us to put forward China's approach to climate governance and make a contribution toward the adoption of the Paris Climate Agreement.
（七）更加注重保障和改善民生，民生福祉持續(xù)改善。多措并舉增投入、補(bǔ)短板、兜底線，扎牢民生保障網(wǎng)。	7. We put greater emphasis on ensuring and improving living standards and made consistent progress in improving people's quality of life. Multiple methods were used to increase investment, strengthen points of weakness, and help those most in need, thereby helping to weave a strong social safety net.
一是精準(zhǔn)扶貧精準(zhǔn)脫貧步伐加快。易地扶貧搬遷、產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧、轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)、教育扶貧、健康扶貧等扶貧工程啟動實施。全年農(nóng)村貧困人口減少1442萬人。對革命老區(qū)開發(fā)建設(shè)、贛南等原中央蘇區(qū)振興發(fā)展的支持力度明顯加大。加強(qiáng)中央支持和對口支援，進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)新疆、西藏和四川、云南、甘肅、青海四省藏區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展和長治久安。	1) The implementation of targeted measures to reduce poverty gathered pace. We launched a number of projects to alleviate poverty, such as relocating people from inhospitable areas, supporting the development of local industries, promoting education and helping to increase health standards in poor areas, and providing support for people seeking employment. The number of people living in poverty in rural areas was reduced by 14.42 million. Greater efforts were made to support the development of the old revolutionary base areas and the revitalization of the former Central Soviet areas including southern Jiangxi. We strengthened support from the central government and pairing assistance programs for underdeveloped localities, and took further steps to promote both the economic and social development and the long-term peace and stability of Xinjiang, Tibet, and Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai.
二是居民收入穩(wěn)定增長。全國居民人均可支配收入實際增長7.4%，其中農(nóng)村居民人均純收入突破萬元大關(guān)，實際增長7.5%，增幅連續(xù)第6年高于經(jīng)濟(jì)增速和城鎮(zhèn)居民收入增幅。城鄉(xiāng)居民收入比下降到2.73:1。	2) Personal income increased steadily. Per capita disposable personal income increased by 7.4% in real terms. Rural per capita net income exceeded 10,000 yuan and registered a 7.5% increase in real terms, making it the sixth consecutive year in which the increase in rural per capita net income has surpassed the growth rate of both GDP and urban per capita disposable income. The ratio of urban income to rural income per capita dropped to 2.73:1.
三是社會保障水平穩(wěn)步提高?；攫B(yǎng)老保險參保人數(shù)達(dá)到8.58億人，基本醫(yī)療保險參保率穩(wěn)定在95%以上。企業(yè)退休人員養(yǎng)老金水平繼續(xù)提高，城鄉(xiāng)居民基礎(chǔ)養(yǎng)老金最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由每人每月55元提高到70元。城鄉(xiāng)居民醫(yī)保財政補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由每人每年320元提高到380元。特困人員供養(yǎng)制度開始規(guī)范建立，20個省市建立了困難殘疾人生活補(bǔ)貼和重度殘疾人護(hù)理補(bǔ)貼制度，800多萬殘疾人受益。	3) Steady progress was made in the area of social security. The number of people covered by basic old-age insurance has reached 858 million. The rate of participation for basic medical insurance stood at over 95% and pension benefits for enterprise retirees continued to rise. The minimum basic pension benefit for rural and non-working urban residents rose from 55 yuan to 70 yuan per month. The annual government subsidy for basic medical insurance covering rural and non-working urban residents was increased from 320 yuan to 380 yuan per person. Work to establish a standardized system to provide basic necessities for people experiencing extreme difficulties began. The system for granting living allowances to people with disabilities who are facing financial difficulties and a caring subsidy to people with serious disabilities was put in place in 20 provinces and provincial-level municipalities, with over eight million people benefiting from the system.
四是公共服務(wù)供給水平進(jìn)一步提升。貧困地區(qū)義務(wù)教育薄弱學(xué)校辦學(xué)條件持續(xù)改善，鄉(xiāng)村教師支持計劃啟動實施，農(nóng)村貧困地區(qū)學(xué)生進(jìn)入重點大學(xué)渠道進(jìn)一步暢通。九年義務(wù)教育鞏固率、高中階段教育毛入學(xué)率分別達(dá)到93%和87%。基層醫(yī)療服務(wù)體系、重大疾病防治體系、全科醫(yī)生培養(yǎng)基地建設(shè)加強(qiáng)，人均基本公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)經(jīng)費(fèi)達(dá)到40元，服務(wù)項目擴(kuò)大到12類。國家基本公共文化服務(wù)指導(dǎo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)布實施，地市級公共文化服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè)支持力度加大。體育產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展取得積極進(jìn)展。	4) Better public services were provided. We continued to improve the basic conditions of badly built and poorly operated schools providing compulsory education in poor areas, launched the plan to strengthen the workforce of teachers in rural areas, and opened up more channels through which students from poor rural areas enter key colleges and universities. The retention rate of nine-year compulsory education reached 93%, while the gross enrollment ratio for senior secondary education reached 87%. We improved the system for community-level medical care services, the prevention and control system for major diseases, and the work to train general practitioners. The per capita government expenditures on basic public health services increased to 40 yuan, with the number of categories of basic public health services increasing to 12. We issued and implemented the national standards to guide the provision of basic public cultural services, and increased support to improve prefecture-level facilities for public cultural services. Significant progress was made in catalyzing innovative development in the sports industry.
專欄13：公共服務(wù)供給。	Box 13: Provision of Public Services
五是保障性安居工程建設(shè)順利推進(jìn)。加大中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資和中央財政專項資金支持力度，安排專項建設(shè)基金和企業(yè)債券融資，支持棚戶區(qū)改造等保障性安居工程。全年城鎮(zhèn)保障性安居工程新開工783萬套，基本建成772萬套。	5) The construction of government-subsidized housing progressed smoothly. We supported government-subsidized housing projects, such as the rebuilding of run-down areas, by increasing central government's budgetary investments and special funding in this area, allocating special development funds, and securing financing through corporate debt issuance. Over the last year, construction began on 7.83 million government-subsidized housing units in urban areas and construction on 7.72 million units was basically completed.
從計劃指標(biāo)運(yùn)行情況看，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、價格總水平、國際收支平衡、就業(yè)等總量指標(biāo)保持在合理區(qū)間，一些反映經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和質(zhì)量的指標(biāo)進(jìn)一步改善，社會發(fā)展和民生保障類指標(biāo)繼續(xù)向好，資源節(jié)約利用和環(huán)境保護(hù)類指標(biāo)完成情況較好，計劃指標(biāo)的完成情況總體是好的。	In assessing performance in relation to meeting the targets projected in the plan, overall targets for national economic and social development, such as the economic growth rate, the consumer price index, the balance of payments, and employment levels, remained within the proper range; those targets reflecting economic structure and quality were further improved; targets regarding social development and people's wellbeing maintained positive momentum; and targets related to resource conservation and environmental protection were implemented satisfactorily. Overall, planned targets were well met.
18個約束性指標(biāo)全部完成。41個預(yù)期性指標(biāo)中，35個運(yùn)行情況符合或好于預(yù)期，5個指標(biāo)運(yùn)行值與預(yù)期值存在差距，1個由于統(tǒng)計口徑變化數(shù)據(jù)不可比。需要說明的是，預(yù)期性指標(biāo)的計劃目標(biāo)不是指令性的，也不是預(yù)測值，而是國家期望的發(fā)展目標(biāo)，體現(xiàn)預(yù)期和政策導(dǎo)向，實際運(yùn)行情況是市場行為的客觀結(jié)果，可能高于預(yù)期目標(biāo)，也可能低于預(yù)期目標(biāo)。部分指標(biāo)運(yùn)行值與預(yù)期目標(biāo)存在差距，有以下幾種情況。一是為體現(xiàn)宏觀調(diào)控內(nèi)需導(dǎo)向，社會消費(fèi)品零售總額和全社會固定資產(chǎn)投資指標(biāo)定得比預(yù)測值稍高一些，是全年的努力目標(biāo)，實際運(yùn)行結(jié)果與預(yù)期目標(biāo)會有一定差距。社會消費(fèi)品零售總額指標(biāo)受輸入性通縮以及國內(nèi)部分工業(yè)品價格下跌、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格漲幅有限等影響，實際增幅基本符合預(yù)期，但名義增長則低于年初確定的預(yù)期目標(biāo)。全社會固定資產(chǎn)投資指標(biāo)，主要是在國際市場低迷、內(nèi)需不足的情況下，部分制造業(yè)行業(yè)出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)能嚴(yán)重過剩，加上三四線城市房地產(chǎn)庫存高企以及投資品價格降幅持續(xù)擴(kuò)大等因素影響，全年增長也低于年初確定的預(yù)期目標(biāo)。二是有的指標(biāo)低于預(yù)期存在特殊因素。2015年經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力加大、企業(yè)利潤持續(xù)下滑，制約了研發(fā)投入，加上2014年研究與試驗發(fā)展經(jīng)費(fèi)支出與國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值之比的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，由年初的2.09%修正為年末的2.05%，使得2015年預(yù)期目標(biāo)未能實現(xiàn)。三是國際經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境變化導(dǎo)致有的指標(biāo)全年數(shù)值低于預(yù)期目標(biāo)。受全球貿(mào)易放緩、國際能源價格大幅下跌影響，進(jìn)出口總額指標(biāo)增速低于預(yù)期目標(biāo)。國際大宗商品價格大幅下跌，加之國內(nèi)市場需求不旺，導(dǎo)致天然氣產(chǎn)量指標(biāo)未能達(dá)到全年預(yù)期目標(biāo)。此外，由于主管部門調(diào)整了戶籍人口統(tǒng)計口徑，戶籍人口城鎮(zhèn)化率指標(biāo)2015年實際數(shù)與計劃數(shù)不可比。	All 18 obligatory targets have been achieved as planned. Of the 41 anticipatory targets, the performance of 35 was in line with or better than expectations, 5 fell short of the projected figures, and there is one target for which the figures are not comparable due to changes in the statistical standards. It should be noted that the anticipatory targets are neither mandatory nor predicted; they are development objectives that the government hopes to achieve and a reflection of the anticipated direction of national development and policy orientation. The actual performance of these targets is objectively decided by the market, and may be higher or lower than the projected figures. The reasons for the discrepancies between the projected figures for some anticipatory targets and the actual performance are as follows: First, in order to reflect the orientation of macro-control policies toward boosting domestic demand, the targets of total retail sales of consumer goods and fixed-asset investment were set slightly higher than the estimated figures. These were targets for us to work toward over the course of the whole year, and as a result, there was a minor difference between the actual performance and the projected figures. The actual increase in the total retail sales of consumer goods basically met the projected target in real terms, but was lower than the target set at the beginning of the year in nominal terms because of imported deflation, the decline in the prices of some domestically manufactured goods, and the limited increase in the prices of agricultural products. In the face of a sluggish international market and insufficient domestic demand, total fixed-asset investment also fell short of the projected figure set at the beginning of 2015. This was due to serious overcapacity in some manufacturing industries; excess supply in the real estate markets of third- and fourth-tier cities; and a sustained fall in the prices of goods for investment as well as other factors. Second, unique factors resulted in the target for spending on R&D being lower than the projected figure. This was due to the increasing downward pressure on economic growth and the continued decline in the profits of enterprises in 2015. In addition, the figure for spending on R&D as a percentage of GDP in 2014 was adjusted statistically from 2.09% at the beginning of the year to 2.05% at the end of the year. These factors meant that the 2015 target for R&D spending as a percentage of GDP was not achieved. Third, changes in the international economic environment caused the yearly figures for some targets to be lower than the projected figures. Under the influence of a slowdown in the growth of world trade and a slump in energy prices on the international market, the growth of total import and export volume was slower than projected. A sharp drop in the prices of major commodities on the global market and the slackening demand for natural gas on the domestic market also meant that natural gas output for last year fell short of the projected target. Finally, the statistical standards for calculating the population using household registration have been adjusted by the competent department, and therefore the actual figure for the percentage of the population registered as urban residents in 2015 is not comparable with the projected figure.
總之，在國內(nèi)外形勢錯綜復(fù)雜的情況下，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展取得的成就來之不易。這是黨中央國務(wù)院正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的結(jié)果，是各地區(qū)各部門共同努力的結(jié)果，是全國各族人民團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗的結(jié)果。經(jīng)過五年的努力，“十二五”規(guī)劃《綱要》主要指標(biāo)順利完成。	In brief, facing complex situations both at home and abroad, the achievements that China has made thus far in economic and social development have not come easily. They are the result of the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and the concerted efforts of all regions and departments and the people of all our ethnic groups. Through five years of hard work, the major targets set out in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development have been successfully completed.
同時，我們也清醒地認(rèn)識到，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)深度調(diào)整、分化明顯，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)、國際貿(mào)易雙雙低速增長，地緣政治風(fēng)險上升，復(fù)蘇基礎(chǔ)仍相當(dāng)脆弱，外部環(huán)境的不穩(wěn)定不確定因素增加。國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)處于“三期疊加”階段，經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)下行帶來的不利影響和長期積累的深層次矛盾特別是結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾進(jìn)一步顯現(xiàn)，發(fā)展面臨的形勢可能更加錯綜復(fù)雜，困難可能會更大。一是經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力加大。需求放緩趨勢仍在延續(xù)。外需總體疲弱，外貿(mào)形勢更加嚴(yán)峻復(fù)雜。受工業(yè)品價格持續(xù)低迷、勞動力等要素成本上升影響，投資特別是制造業(yè)投資增長乏力。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力逐步向就業(yè)、收入領(lǐng)域傳導(dǎo)，對居民消費(fèi)的影響可能顯現(xiàn)。二是實體經(jīng)濟(jì)困難繼續(xù)加重。受需求不足和綜合成本上升的雙重擠壓，部分行業(yè)企業(yè)盈利能力下降、虧損增加，困難企業(yè)增多。一些行業(yè)和企業(yè)出現(xiàn)裁員或隱性失業(yè)情況。三是結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾進(jìn)一步凸顯。有效需求乏力和有效供給不足并存，新舊動力轉(zhuǎn)換不均衡。供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾更加突出，供給體系調(diào)整滯后，有效供給不能適應(yīng)需求總量和結(jié)構(gòu)變化，結(jié)構(gòu)性產(chǎn)能過剩依然比較嚴(yán)重。四是生態(tài)環(huán)境問題依然突出。大氣污染形勢嚴(yán)峻，嚴(yán)重霧霾天氣在一些城市和地區(qū)時有發(fā)生。水環(huán)境質(zhì)量偏低，一些地方地下水嚴(yán)重超采。一些地區(qū)土壤污染治理任務(wù)艱巨。環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)滯后。五是各方面風(fēng)險因素積聚交織。財政收入增速放緩，收支矛盾突出，地方債務(wù)存在局部風(fēng)險隱患。銀行業(yè)不良貸款余額和比例“雙升”，企業(yè)負(fù)債率上升，非法集資多發(fā)，潛在金融風(fēng)險仍在積聚。與此同時，安全生產(chǎn)和民生等領(lǐng)域也出現(xiàn)一些新問題。我們要高度重視，充分估計經(jīng)濟(jì)下行帶來的困難和挑戰(zhàn)，增強(qiáng)憂患意識，堅持底線思維，既保持戰(zhàn)略定力，又及時做好預(yù)警預(yù)案預(yù)控，更加有效應(yīng)對，認(rèn)真加以解決。	At the same time, we should also be keenly aware that the world economy is still undergoing profound adjustment, the divergence of economies is pronounced, growth of the global economy and trade are sluggish, geopolitical risks are on the rise, the foundation for economic recovery is still weak, and external instabilities and uncertainties are increasing. In this current period of development, China must simultaneously manage the slowdown in economic growth, make difficult structural adjustments, and absorb the effects of previous economic stimulus policies. As the adverse effects of a sustained slowdown in economic growth continue to persist and deep-seated and longstanding problems, especially structural problems, become more serious, the conditions for China's development may become even more complex and the difficulties even more formidable. First, the downward pressure on China's economy is mounting. The slowdown in the growth of demand is continuing. With international demand remaining weak, the situation in relation to foreign trade has become more challenging and complex. Affected by the persistently low prices of manufactured goods and the rising costs of labor and other factors of production, growth in investment is slow, particularly in the area of manufacturing. As downward pressure on China's economy begins to affect employment and personal income, it may also spread to and affect private consumption. Second, the difficulties faced by the real economy are building. Having been pressed by insufficient demand as well as a rise in overall costs, the ability of enterprises in some industries to make a profit has decreased, and with losses in some industries increasing the number of enterprises facing difficulty is also rising. This has resulted in layoffs and hidden unemployment within some enterprises and industries. Third, structural problems are becoming more prominent. Weak effective demand has been coincident with insufficient effective supply, and the transition from the old to the new drivers of growth has been unbalanced. The delayed adjustment of the supply system has resulted in supply-side structural problems becoming more pronounced, and effective supply has not yet adapted to aggregate demand or to changes in the structure of demand, while structural overcapacity is still a significant problem. Fourth, ecological and environmental problems are still grave. Air pollution remains serious, with the frequent occurrence of heavy smog in some cities and areas. The quality of the water environment is relatively poor and the over-abstraction of groundwater is severe in some regions; while other regions face an arduous task in bringing soil pollution under control. The construction of environmental infrastructure lags behind. Fifth, challenges and risks in other areas are accumulating and intertwining. The growth of government revenue is slowing down; the imbalance between revenue and expenditures is becoming more pronounced; and there are risks and hidden dangers in local government debt. The amount and ratio of non-performing loans reported by banks have increased; the debt ratios of enterprises are also rising; illegal fund-raising is becoming more frequent; and hidden financial risks are mounting. At the same time, there are also new problems to be addressed in relation to workplace safety and the people's well-being. We must attach great importance to these issues, carry out a full evaluation of the difficulties and challenges that have arisen as a result of downward pressure on the economy, and become more aware of potential dangers and the bottom line. We need to maintain our strategic focus while taking timely steps to undertake early warning initiatives, formulate contingency plans, and exercise anticipatory regulation; such measures will ensure that we can respond effectively to these problems and resolve them.