國家人權行動計劃（2016－2020年）
National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2016-2020)
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調整字號大小: 
| 一、經(jīng)濟、社會和文化權利 | I. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights |
| 推進精準扶貧脫貧，健全公共服務體系，穩(wěn)步提高基本公共服務均等化水平，保障公民的經(jīng)濟、社會和文化權利。 | The Chinese government is determined to press forward with precision poverty-reduction and poverty-eradication campaigns, improve the public service system, steadily enhance the level of equal access to basic public services, and protect citizens' economic, social and cultural rights. |
| （一）工作權利 | (1) Right to work |
| 實施更加積極的就業(yè)政策，推行勞動者終身職業(yè)技能培訓制度，進一步完善工資福利制度和安全生產(chǎn)長效機制，加強職業(yè)病防治。 | More proactive employment policies shall be implemented, a system of lifelong vocational skills training shall be promoted for workers, and a wage and benefits system shall be further improved, so shall a long-term safety production mechanism. Prevention and treatment of occupational diseases shall be reinforced. |
| ——實現(xiàn)比較充分和高質量就業(yè)。實施高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)促進和創(chuàng)業(yè)引領計劃。促進農(nóng)村富余勞動力轉移就業(yè)和外出務工人員返鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)。對就業(yè)困難人員實行實名制動態(tài)管理和分類幫扶，做好“零就業(yè)”家庭幫扶工作。支持貧困地區(qū)建設縣鄉(xiāng)基層勞動就業(yè)和社會保障服務平臺。實現(xiàn)城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)5000萬人以上。 | -- Ensuring a fuller rate of employment and quality employment. Programs of employment promotion and entrepreneurship shall be introduced for college graduates, and surplus rural labor shall be encouraged to seek employment in other areas, and migrant workers shall get help in starting businesses back in their home villages. People with difficulties in finding jobs shall be registered so that the government can keep track of their employment situation and give them help according to defined categories, with particular attention being paid to families with no one holding a job. Counties and townships in poverty-stricken areas shall be given support in building employment and social security services platforms. It is planned for a minimum of 50 million new jobs to be created in urban areas. |
| ——推行勞動者終身職業(yè)技能培訓制度。開展貧困家庭子女、未升學初高中畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)民工、失業(yè)人員和轉崗職工、退役軍人和殘疾人免費接受職業(yè)培訓行動。到2020年，累計培訓農(nóng)民工4000萬人次，基本消除勞動者無技能從業(yè)現(xiàn)象。 | -- Pursuing a lifelong vocational skills training system for workers. Free vocational training shall be offered to young people from needy families, people with junior or senior middle-school education, migrant workers, people having lost their jobs, workers with reassigned jobs, ex-servicepeople and people with disabilities. By 2020, it is expected that 40 million migrant workers shall have received such training, and the goal is to equip every worker with relevant occupational skills. |
| ——進一步完善工資福利制度。健全工資水平?jīng)Q定機制、正常增長機制和支付保障機制，健全最低工資標準調整機制。繼續(xù)推行企業(yè)工資集體協(xié)商制度。健全高技能人才薪酬體系，提高技術工人待遇，落實帶薪年休假制度。 | -- Further improving the wage and benefits system. Efforts will be made to improve the wage-setting mechanism, the normal wage increase mechanism and payment guarantee mechanism, and the minimum wage adjustment mechanism. The collective wage negotiation mechanism shall be continuously implemented for enterprises; a salary system shall be improved for highly skilled professionals, the salaries of skilled workers be increased, and the paid vacation system be implemented. |
| ——完善勞動保障監(jiān)察執(zhí)法體制和勞動人事爭議處理機制。嚴禁各種形式的就業(yè)歧視，全面治理拖欠農(nóng)民工工資問題，規(guī)范企業(yè)裁員行為，保障非正規(guī)就業(yè)勞動者權益，嚴格規(guī)范企業(yè)實行特殊工時制度的適用管理，依法加強對勞務派遣的監(jiān)管。 | -- Improving the labor security supervision and law enforcement system and labor dispute settlement mechanism. Employment discrimination of any form shall be strictly prohibited. Measures will be taken to address arrears of wage payment for migrant workers, regulate layoffs by businesses, guarantee the rights and interests of workers informally employed, strictly regularize the application by enterprises of the special working-hour system, and strengthen supervision over labor dispatch pursuant to the law. |
| ——加強安全生產(chǎn)防控。到2020年，各類生產(chǎn)安全事故死亡人數(shù)累計降幅10%，億元國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值生產(chǎn)安全事故死亡率累計降幅30%。 | -- Strengthening safety in production. By 2020 the death toll caused by industrial accidents of various types shall fall by 10 percent cumulatively, and the death rate from industrial accidents per RMB100 million of GDP shall drop by 30 percent. |
| ——加強職業(yè)病防治。職業(yè)病危害嚴重的行業(yè)領域勞動者在崗期間的職業(yè)健康檢查率達90%以上，用人單位主要負責人和職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理人員的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生培訓率分別達95%以上。 | -- Strengthening the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. In industries with high risks of occupational diseases, 90 percent and above of relevant workers shall receive special health checkups, and 95 percent and above of persons in charge of businesses and occupational health managerial staff shall receive the required training. |
| （二）基本生活水準權利 | (2) Right to basic living standards |
| 全力實施脫貧攻堅，保障居民基本住房、用水、食品安全和出行便利。 | Full efforts shall be made to reduce poverty, and ensure basic housing, clean water, food security, and convenient transportation. |
| ——確保城鄉(xiāng)居民收入增長與經(jīng)濟增長同步。到2020年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值和城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入比2010年翻一番。努力增加低收入勞動者收入，擴大中等收入者比重。 | -- Ensuring the increase of rural and urban residents' income in step with economic growth. By 2020 China's GDP and the per-capita income of urban and rural residents shall both double that of 2010. Efforts shall be made to increase the income of low-income earners, and enlarge the ranks of middle-income earners. |
| ——貫徹落實《中共中央國務院關于打贏脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)的決定》，實施精準扶貧精準脫貧方略。到2020年，實現(xiàn)特色產(chǎn)業(yè)脫貧3000萬人，轉移就業(yè)脫貧1000萬人，實施易地扶貧搬遷1000萬人，對其余完全或部分喪失勞動能力的貧困人口實行社保政策兜底脫貧2000萬人。實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)行標準下的農(nóng)村貧困人口全部脫貧，貧困縣全部摘帽。 | -- Implementing the Decision of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Eradicating Poverty in China, and implementing the strategy of precision poverty-reduction and poverty-eradication. By 2020 some 30 million people shall be lifted out of poverty by way of developing specialty industries, 10 million by way of transfer employment, 10 million by relocation to other areas, and the remaining 20 million, who have partially or completely lost the ability to work, shall be covered by social security. In this way the whole of the impoverished rural population according to the current standards shall be lifted out of poverty and no county will be called a "poverty county" by then. |
| ——保障住房安全。改造各類城鎮(zhèn)棚戶區(qū)住房2000萬套，加強對貧困地區(qū)的支持，推動居住證持有人享有與當?shù)貞艏丝谕鹊淖》勘Ｕ蠙嗬?。推進農(nóng)村危房改造，統(tǒng)籌開展農(nóng)房抗震改造，基本完成存量危房改造任務。 | -- Ensuring housing security. A total of 20 million units of housing in rundown urban areas shall be rebuilt, support strengthened to poor areas, and holders of residence permits ensured equal basic housing rights with locally registered residents. Efforts shall be made to press forward with renovation of dilapidated housing in rural areas, carry out anti-earthquake reinforcement projects for rural housing, and basically complete the renovation of registered dilapidated housing. |
| ——保障用水安全。全國新增供水能力270億立方米，城鎮(zhèn)供水水源地水質全面達標。實施農(nóng)村飲水安全鞏固提升工程，農(nóng)村自來水普及率達80%以上，農(nóng)村集中供水率達85%以上。 | -- Ensuring access to safe water. A total of 27 billion cu m of water supply capacity will be added nationwide on the current basis, and all urban water-supply sources shall meet the required standards. Efforts shall be made to improve drinking water security in rural areas, where 80 percent of the population shall have access to tap water, and 85 percent to centralized water supply. |
| ——確保食品安全。深入貫徹實施食品安全法，全面落實食品安全屬地監(jiān)管責任。加強進口食品安全監(jiān)管。實施科學監(jiān)管，建立職業(yè)化檢查員隊伍。健全食品安全信用體系，完善消費者權益保護機制。 | -- Ensuring food safety. The Food Safety Law shall be strictly enforced, and supervisory organs shall be held responsible for food safety in areas under their respective jurisdiction. Food safety supervision shall be strengthened on imported foodstuffs, and through the building of a professional team of food-safety inspectors, the supervision shall be made more effective. The system of food-safety credit shall be improved, so shall the mechanisms of protection of consumers' rights and interests. |
| ——改善城鄉(xiāng)居民出行條件。國家高速公路主線基本貫通。具備條件的縣城通二級及以上公路，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)和建制村通硬化路、通客車。 | -- Improving the transportation network. A network of national trunk expressways shall be basically put in place. Where conditions permit, county seats shall have access to highways of Grade II and above, and townships and administrative villages have tarmac or cement roads and complete access to bus services. |
| （三）社會保障權利 | (3) Right to social security |
| 完善社會保險體系，推進城鄉(xiāng)社會救助體系建設，支持社會福利和慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展。 | The social insurance system shall be improved, establishment of a social relief system covering urban and rural areas shall be promoted, and support shall be given to the development of social welfare and charity undertakings. |
| ——實施全民參保計劃，穩(wěn)步提高社會保障統(tǒng)籌層次和水平。建立更加便捷的社會保險轉移接續(xù)機制。實施社會保障卡工程，持卡人口覆蓋率達到90%。 | -- Implementing full coverage of social insurance, and steadily raising the level of social security pooling. A more convenient social insurance transfer and renewal mechanism shall be established, and the system of social security card shall be implemented to ensure that 90 percent of the population enjoys social security coverage. |
| ——完善統(tǒng)賬結合的城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險制度，實現(xiàn)職工基礎養(yǎng)老金全國統(tǒng)籌，推出稅收遞延型養(yǎng)老保險。到2020年，符合參保條件的城鄉(xiāng)居民參保率達到95%。 | -- Improving the basic old-age insurance system that combines social pooling and personal accounts for urban workers and endeavoring to materialize nationwide pooling for basic old-age pensions for urban workers, and introducing tax-deferred retirement insurance. By 2020 some 95 percent of eligible urban and rural residents shall be covered by the basic old-age insurance. |
| ——健全醫(yī)療保險制度。城鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)保參保率穩(wěn)定在95%以上。全面實施城鄉(xiāng)居民大病保險制度。健全醫(yī)療保險穩(wěn)定可持續(xù)籌資和報銷比例調整機制。加快推進基本醫(yī)保全國聯(lián)網(wǎng)和異地就醫(yī)結算，實現(xiàn)符合轉診規(guī)定的異地就醫(yī)住院費用直接結算。將生育保險和基本醫(yī)療保險合并實施。 | -- Improving the medical insurance system. The coverage of medical insurance in urban and rural areas shall be stabilized at above 95 percent. A critical illness insurance system shall be continuously carried out for urban and rural residents, and mechanisms for steady and sustainable financing of the medical insurance and for adjusting medical care reimbursement rates shall be improved. Steps shall be quickened to promote the establishment of a nationwide network for basic medical insurance and trans-regional settlement of medical insurance accounts, so in-patient and out-patient medical expenses can be settled in the place of treatment if the patients meet the requirements for referral, despite having local coverage. The state shall integrate maternity insurance with basic medical insurance. |
| ——繼續(xù)擴大失業(yè)保險覆蓋面，確保為符合條件的失業(yè)人員按時足額發(fā)放失業(yè)保險金并提供相關的再就業(yè)服務。 | -- Further expanding the coverage of unemployment insurance, and ensuring that eligible unemployed persons receive unemployment insurance benefits in full and in a timely manner, and that they have access to relevant re-employment services. |
| ——全面實施工傷保險省級統(tǒng)籌，強化工傷保險待遇支付保障，制定工傷預防費使用管理辦法，完善工傷康復服務體系。到2020年，基本實現(xiàn)工傷保險法定人群全覆蓋。 | -- Implementing provincial-level unified pooling of funds for work-related injury insurance, guaranteeing that the insured receive compensation when applicable, formulating regulations on the use and management of funds for prevention of work-related injury, and improving the system of rehabilitation services for work-related injuries. By 2020 work-related injury insurance shall be extended to cover all eligible workers as prescribed by the law. |
| ——統(tǒng)籌推進城鄉(xiāng)社會救助體系建設。將所有符合低保條件的貧困家庭納入低保范圍。進一步健全特困人員救助供養(yǎng)制度，提升特困人員救助供養(yǎng)水平。全面實施臨時救助制度，全面推開“救急難”工作。加強基層未成年人保護服務設施和流浪乞討救助管理機構建設。 | -- Pressing forward in coordinated manner the building of an urban-rural social relief system. All eligible families shall be brought into the coverage of the subsistence allowance system. The relief and support system for people living in dire poverty shall be further improved and the level of relief and support shall be raised. The system of temporary rescue shall be comprehensively implemented to provide timely help to those in urgent needs. Building of service facilities for the protection of minors shall be strengthened, so shall organs for the relief and management of vagrants and beggars, both at the grassroots. |
| ——健全自然災害救助體系，調整完善自然災害生活救助政策，實施全國自然災害救助物資儲備體系建設等重大項目。 | -- Improving the natural disaster relief system, and adjusting and improving the relief policies in the wake of natural disasters. A national natural-disaster relief supplies reserve system shall be launched. |
| ——健全以扶老、助殘、愛幼、濟困為重點的社會福利制度，加強福利設施建設。 | -- Improving the social welfare system with focus on supporting the elderly, disabled, children, and needy, and strengthening the building of welfare facilities. |
| ——實施慈善法，支持慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展。 | -- Enacting the Charity Law, and supporting the development of charities. |
| ——落實國務院戶籍制度改革方案，取消農(nóng)業(yè)戶口與非農(nóng)業(yè)戶口性質區(qū)分，建立城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的戶籍登記制度。全面實施居住證暫行條例，推進居住證制度覆蓋全部未落戶城鎮(zhèn)常住人口。促進公民平等發(fā)展、共享成果，享受均等化的社會保障。 | -- Implementing the State Council's reform program of the household registration system, and establishing a unified urban-rural household registration system featuring the removal of difference between agricultural and non-agricultural household registration. The Interim Regulations on Residence Permits shall be implemented, and the system of residence permit shall be extended to cover all permanent urban residents that have not yet had their household registration. Equal development shall be promoted for citizens, making them share the benefits of development equally and have equal access to social security. |
| （四）財產(chǎn)權利 | (4) Right to property |
| 健全歸屬清晰、權責明確、保護嚴格、流轉順暢的現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)權制度，推進產(chǎn)權保護法治化。 | Establishing and improving a modern property-right system featuring clear ownership, clearly defined rights and obligations, rigorous protection, and easy transfer, and pressing forward with protection of people's property rights in accordance with the law. |
| ——有序推進民法典編纂工作，完善財產(chǎn)保障制度。 | -- Forging ahead with the compilation of the Civil Law Code in an orderly manner and improving the system of property protection. |
| ——推動土地管理法修改及其配套法規(guī)立法工作。對農(nóng)村集體所有土地征收、集體經(jīng)營性建設用地入市、宅基地管理、不動產(chǎn)權屬調處等制度進行積極探索，適時開展立法研究工作。 | -- Pressing forward with the amendment of the Land Administration Law and enactment of supporting laws and regulations. Proactive exploration shall be conducted on such systems as expropriation of rural collectively owned land, marketization of collectively owned rural profit-oriented construction land, management of homestead land, and the adjustment and handling of real estate ownership, and studies on legislation be started at the right time. |
| ——完成農(nóng)村承包經(jīng)營地、宅基地、農(nóng)房、集體建設用地確權登記頒證。繼續(xù)落實征地制度改革工作。穩(wěn)定農(nóng)村土地承包關系，完善土地所有權、承包權、經(jīng)營權分置辦法，依法推進土地經(jīng)營權有序流轉。完善集體經(jīng)濟組織成員認定辦法和集體經(jīng)濟資產(chǎn)所有權實現(xiàn)形式，將經(jīng)營性資產(chǎn)折股量化到本集體經(jīng)濟組織成員。 | -- Completing the confirmation and registration of rural land contracted for productive use, homesteads, housing and collectively owned construction land. Reform of the land expropriation system shall be implemented continuously, the land-contracting relationship shall be made stable in the rural areas, measures for separating the rights of land ownership, contracting and management shall be improved, and orderly transfer of land-management right shall be introduced pursuant to the law. Methods for confirming membership of collective economic organizations shall be improved, and so shall the forms of expression of collective economic assets ownership. The productive assets of collective economic organizations shall be converted into shares for distribution among their members. |
| ——依法合規(guī)界定企業(yè)財產(chǎn)權歸屬，保障企業(yè)的自主經(jīng)營權。 | -- Defining the property right of enterprises in accordance with laws and regulations, and ensuring enterprises' right of operation. |
| ——全面落實不動產(chǎn)統(tǒng)一登記制度。 | -- Implementing unified system of registration for immovables. |
| ——加快構建自然資源資產(chǎn)產(chǎn)權制度，確定產(chǎn)權主體，創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)權實現(xiàn)形式。保護自然資源資產(chǎn)所有者權益，公平分享自然資源資產(chǎn)收益。深化礦業(yè)權制度改革。建立健全生態(tài)環(huán)境性權益交易制度和平臺。 | -- Taking steps to quicken the enactment of a natural resource assets ownership system, deciding the owners of such assets, and innovating the forms of realizing the ownership. The rights and interests of the owners of natural-resource assets shall be protected, and proceeds from such assets shall be shared fairly. Further reform shall be carried out of the mining right system, and a system and platform shall be established for trading of ecological and environmental rights and interests. |
| ——實施嚴格的知識產(chǎn)權保護制度。完善有利于激勵創(chuàng)新的知識產(chǎn)權歸屬制度，建設知識產(chǎn)權運營交易和服務平臺。 | -- Implementing a rigorous intellectual property right (IPR) protection system. The IPR ownership system shall be improved to encourage innovation, and an IPR trading and services platform shall be built. |
| （五）健康權利 | (5) Right to health |
| 建立健全覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)居民的基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度，到2020年，實現(xiàn)人均預期壽命增加1歲。 | A basic medical and health system covering the entire nation shall be established and improved, and it is expected that the average life expectancy shall increase by one year by 2020. |
| ——促進基本公共衛(wèi)生服務均等化。完善國家基本公共衛(wèi)生服務項目和重大公共衛(wèi)生服務項目，提高服務質量效率和均等化水平，適時調整基本公共衛(wèi)生服務項目經(jīng)費標準，項目經(jīng)費繼續(xù)向基層傾斜。鼓勵社會力量興辦健康服務業(yè)，推進非營利性民營醫(yī)院和公立醫(yī)院同等待遇。 | -- Promoting equal access to basic public health services. Improvements shall be endeavored of the basic public health service programs and key public health service programs, the quality and efficiency of health services shall be improved and equal access to them ensured, and adjustments made to the funds for basic public health service programs at the right time while continuing to give preference to primary-level health services when it comes to the allocation of funding. Private capital shall be encouraged to go to health services, and equal treatment be offered to non-profit private hospitals as well as public hospitals. |
| ——提升基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務能力。以中西部地區(qū)為重點，每縣重點辦好1－2所縣級公立醫(yī)院（含縣中醫(yī)院），基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構標準化建設達標率達95%以上。打造30分鐘基層醫(yī)療服務圈。加強并規(guī)范化培養(yǎng)住院醫(yī)師，每萬人口全科醫(yī)生數(shù)達到2名，每千人口執(zhí)業(yè)（助理）醫(yī)師數(shù)達到2.5名。 | -- Enhancing the capacity of primary-level medical and health services. Focusing on the central and western regions, each county shall be helped to run well at least one to two public hospitals (including hospitals of Traditional Chinese Medicine), and 95 percent of primary-level medical and health institutions shall be expected to reach the required standards. Endeavors shall be made to develop a primary-level medical care sphere that ensures all patients receive help within 30 minutes. A contingent of resident doctors shall be developed and offered standardized training. Two general practitioners shall be ensured for every 10,000 persons and 2.5 practitioners/assistants for every 1,000 persons. |
| ——加強重大疾病防控。加快推進國家和省級慢性病綜合防控示范區(qū)建設，重大慢性病過早死亡率降低10%。肺結核發(fā)病率降至58/10萬。降低全人群乙肝病毒感染率，控制艾滋病疫情在低流行水平，基本消除血吸蟲病危害，消除瘧疾、麻風病危害。加強嚴重精神障礙診斷報告、隨訪管理服務，嚴重精神障礙患者管理率達到85%。做好重點地方病防控工作，強化突發(fā)公共事件衛(wèi)生應急和突發(fā)急性傳染病防治能力建設。加強口岸衛(wèi)生檢疫能力建設，嚴防外來重大傳染病傳入。增加艾滋病防治等特殊藥物免費供給。全面開展重特大疾病醫(yī)療救助。 | -- Strengthening prevention and control of major illnesses. Intensified efforts shall be made to accelerate the building of national- and provincial-level demonstration areas for chronic disease prevention and control, and the rate of premature deaths from major chronic diseases shall be reduced by 10 percent. The incidence of TB shall be reduced to 58/100,000; the infection rates of HBV in all groups be reduced; AIDS be controlled at a low-epidemic level; schistosomiasis be basically eliminated; and malaria and leprosy be eliminated. China shall improve the diagnosis, reporting and follow-up service of serious mental disorders, and register 85 percent of persons with serious mental disorders for health management. Primary attention shall be given to the prevention and control of endemic diseases, improving the capabilities of public health emergency response and the prevention and treatment of acute infectious disease epidemics. Health quarantine capacity of land border crossings and sea ports shall be strengthened to prevent the spread of major infectious diseases from outside China. The supply of medicines for the prevention and control of AIDS and some other diseases shall be increased free of charge, and medical relief shall be provided for all those suffering from severe or major illnesses. |
| ——保障用藥安全。完善基本藥物制度，健全藥品供應保障機制。健全藥品檢查、檢驗檢測體系，加強藥品不良反應監(jiān)測。 | -- Ensuring medication safety. The system of basic medicines shall be improved, so shall the mechanism of medicine supply and system of drug inspection and testing, as well as the monitoring of adverse effects of drugs. |
| ——落實《全民健身計劃（2016－2020年）》。推動城市社區(qū)15分鐘健身圈建設，實現(xiàn)基本公共體育服務鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)常住人口全覆蓋和行政村農(nóng)民體育健身工程全覆蓋。到2020年，每周參加1次及以上體育鍛煉的人數(shù)達到7億，經(jīng)常參加體育鍛煉的人數(shù)達到4.35億，全國人均體育場地面積達到1.8平方米以上。 | -- Implementing the National Fitness Program (2016-2020). Fitness facilities shall be made accessible to urban communities within a 15-minute radius, and permanent residents in rural towns and townships shall be ensured access to basic public sports services and farmers in rural administrative villages shall be guaranteed access to sports and fitness facilities. By 2020 some 700 million people shall take part in physical exercises at least once a week, and 435 million people shall do it on a regular basis, with per-capita sports or exercise area being 1.8 sq m or more. |
| （六）受教育權 | (6) Right to education |
| 實施《國家教育事業(yè)發(fā)展第十三個五年規(guī)劃》，全面提升教育質量，促進教育公平。到2020年，勞動年齡人口平均受教育年限達到10.8年。 | The 13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Education (2016-2020) shall be implemented, the quality of education be enhanced comprehensively and equality in education be promoted. By 2020 the average years of schooling for the working-age population shall reach 10.8 years. |
| ——普及學前三年教育。擴大普惠性學前教育資源，學前三年毛入園率提高到85%。繼續(xù)加大對中西部地區(qū)和薄弱環(huán)節(jié)的支持力度，基本建成覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)、布局合理的學前教育公共服務體系。 | -- Making three-year pre-school education universal. Pre-school educational resources bringing universal benefits shall be expanded, and 85 percent of eligible children shall be enrolled in kindergartens. The support to the central and western regions and to weak links shall be strengthened, and a well-balanced network of pre-school education public service that covers both urban and rural areas shall be established. |
| ——促進義務教育均衡優(yōu)質發(fā)展。加快推進城鄉(xiāng)義務教育一體化進程，加快義務教育公辦學校標準化建設。全面改善貧困地區(qū)義務教育薄弱學校基本辦學條件。著力保障隨遷子女在流入地平等接受義務教育。完善留守兒童教育服務體系。 | -- Promoting balanced and high-quality development of compulsory education. Urban-rural integration of compulsory education shall be accelerated, so shall the standardized construction of public schools of compulsory education. The conditions of disadvantaged schools of compulsory education in poverty-ridden areas shall be improved overall. Greater attention shall be paid to ensure equal access to compulsory education at local schools for the children of migrant workers. The system of education service for children left behind by their migrant-worker parents shall be improved. |
| ——普及高中階段教育。促進普通高中多樣化發(fā)展。繼續(xù)加大對中西部貧困地區(qū)高中階段教育的扶持力度。對建檔立卡的家庭經(jīng)濟困難學生實施普通高中免除學雜費。到2020年，全國高中階段教育毛入學率達到90%。 | -- Making senior high school education universal. Diversified development shall be encouraged of general high schools. Support shall be continuously enhanced to the development of senior high school education in poverty-stricken areas of central and western China. Students from families with financial difficulties shall be exempt from tuition and other fees during senior high school. By 2020 some 90 percent of junior high school students shall enter senior high schools. |
| ——完善職業(yè)教育體系和制度建設。修改職業(yè)教育法。推動產(chǎn)教融合發(fā)展，完善校企合作制度。完善職業(yè)教育人才多樣化成長渠道。支持欠發(fā)達地區(qū)職業(yè)教育發(fā)展。逐步分類推進中等職業(yè)教育免除學雜費。實施國家基本職業(yè)培訓包制度。 | -- Improving the vocational education system. The Vocational Education Law shall be amended. Integrated development of industry and education shall be promoted, and the system of cooperation between schools and enterprises shall be improved. So shall the diversified channels conducive to the development of students receiving vocational education. Support shall be extended to the development of vocational education in less-developed areas. A program shall be implemented gradually and by category to exempt students receiving secondary vocational education from tuition and other fees. A national basic vocational training package shall be implemented. |
| ——促進高等教育發(fā)展。實施高等學校創(chuàng)新能力提升計劃。深入實施中西部高等教育振興計劃，擴大重點高校對中西部和農(nóng)村地區(qū)招生規(guī)模。 | -- Boosting higher education. A program shall be implemented to enhance the innovation capacity of institutions of higher learning. So shall a program for rejuvenation of higher education of central and western regions, and key institutions of higher learning shall be made to enlarge their enrollments in central and western China, and rural areas. |
| ——大力發(fā)展繼續(xù)教育。建立個人學習賬號和學分累計制度，暢通繼續(xù)教育、終身學習通道。支持各類高校、企事業(yè)單位和各類教育培訓機構開展繼續(xù)教育。 | -- Making great efforts to develop continuing education. A personal education account and number of credits system shall be established, and the channels for continuing education and lifelong education shall be expanded. Institutions of higher learning, enterprises and public institutions, and various agencies providing educational training are encouraged to engage in continuing education. |
| ——加強農(nóng)村教師隊伍建設。推動有關地方在連片特困地區(qū)實現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村教師生活補助全覆蓋，依據(jù)學校艱苦邊遠程度實行差別化的補助標準。推動各地逐步實行城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的中小學教職工編制標準。推進城鄉(xiāng)教師交流。加大對中西部鄉(xiāng)村教師的培訓。 | -- Improving the training of teachers in rural areas. Life subsidies shall be provided to all teachers working in rural areas hit hard by poverty, and differentiated amounts of subsidies shall be implemented on the basis of the location and degree of poverty where the teachers work. Unified standards shall be adopted for faculty and staff of elementary and high schools in both urban and rural areas. So shall the exchange of teachers working in urban and rural areas. Greater efforts shall be made in training of teachers working in rural areas of central and western China. |
| ——健全國家資助政策體系，實現(xiàn)家庭經(jīng)濟困難學生資助全覆蓋。 | -- Improving state financial aid policies, and ensuring full coverage of financial aid to students with economic difficulties. |
| （七）文化權利 | (7) Cultural rights |
| 實施《國家“十三五”時期文化改革發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要》，完善公共文化服務體系、文化產(chǎn)業(yè)體系、文化市場體系，提升公民基本文化權利的保障水平。 | The Outline of the National Plan for Cultural Reform and Development of the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (2016-2020) shall be implemented, and the public cultural services shall be improved, so shall the cultural industry and cultural market, to ensure citizens' basic cultural rights. |
| ——加快推進公共圖書館法、文化產(chǎn)業(yè)促進法、公共文化服務保障法、電影產(chǎn)業(yè)促進法立法。修訂文物保護法、著作權法及其配套行政法規(guī)。 | -- Quickening the pace of enactment of laws on public libraries, the promotion of the cultural industry, the provision of public cultural services, and promotion of the movie industry. The Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics, the Copyright Law and supporting administrative regulations shall be amended. |
| ——推進基本公共文化服務標準化、均等化。完善公共文化設施網(wǎng)絡，加強基層文化服務能力建設。加大對老少邊窮地區(qū)文化建設幫扶力度。加快公共數(shù)字文化建設。加強文化產(chǎn)品、惠民服務與群眾文化需求對接。鼓勵社會力量參與公共文化服務。繼續(xù)推進公共文化設施免費開放。 | -- Promoting the standardization of and equal access to basic public cultural services. The public cultural facilities network shall keep to be improved, and the building of primary-level cultural service capacity shall be strengthened. Support shall be strengthened for cultural development in former revolutionary base areas, ethnic-minority areas, border areas and impoverished areas. Public digital culture development shall be accelerated. Cultural products and services should suit the public's cultural needs. All social sectors are encouraged to take part in the provision of public cultural services. Free access to public cultural installations shall be further encouraged. |
| ——促進新興文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，推進文化業(yè)態(tài)創(chuàng)新，大力發(fā)展創(chuàng)意文化產(chǎn)業(yè)。完善文化市場準入和退出機制，促進文化資源在全國范圍內(nèi)流動。 | -- Promoting the development of emerging cultural industries. Innovation shall be encouraged in the forms of cultural operations, and great efforts shall be made to boost the development of creative culture. The cultural market entry-and-exit mechanism shall be improved, and the cultural resources shall be encouraged to flow nationwide. |
| ——構建中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化傳承體系。加強對國家重大文化和自然遺產(chǎn)地、大遺址、重點文物保護單位、歷史文化名城名鎮(zhèn)名村的保護建設，加大對非國有博物館的政策扶持力度。推進國家非物質文化遺產(chǎn)保護利用設施建設工程和代表性傳承人搶救性記錄工程，實施國家非物質文化遺產(chǎn)傳承人群研修研習培訓計劃。振興傳統(tǒng)工藝。實施中華典籍整理工程。 | -- Establishing a dissemination system of China's fine cultural traditions. Protection and development of key state cultural and natural heritage sites, major ruins, key cultural relics protection units, and historic and cultural cities, towns and villages shall be strengthened, and so shall policy support to non-state-owned museums. Efforts shall be made to press forward with the building of facilities for protecting and utilizing state intangible cultural heritages, and implement a research and training program for the inheritors of intangible cultural heritages. Traditional craftsmanship shall be further developed, and the project to collate Chinese classics and records shall be launched. |
| ——全面實施全民閱讀工程。 | -- Launching a nationwide reading project. |
| ——加強互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與網(wǎng)絡文化建設。城鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)實現(xiàn)光網(wǎng)覆蓋，提供1000兆比特每秒以上接入服務能力，大中城市家庭用戶帶寬實現(xiàn)100兆比特每秒以上靈活選擇；98%的行政村實現(xiàn)光纖通達，有條件地區(qū)提供100兆比特每秒以上接入服務能力，半數(shù)以上農(nóng)村家庭用戶帶寬實現(xiàn)50兆比特每秒以上靈活選擇。實施網(wǎng)絡內(nèi)容建設工程，支持傳統(tǒng)出版資源加快數(shù)字化轉化，提高知識服務能力，鼓勵推出優(yōu)秀網(wǎng)絡原創(chuàng)作品。 | -- Strengthening the development of the Internet and cyber culture. Fiber-optic networks shall cover all urban areas and provide a connection capacity of 1,000 Mbps, allowing home users of the Internet in medium-sized and large cities to choose from a variety of plans with speeds above 100 Mbps; fiber-optic networks shall cover 98 percent of rural administrative villages, an Internet connection capacity of 100 Mbps shall be available for areas where conditions allow, allowing more than half of rural home users to choose from a variety of plans with speeds above 50 Mbps. An Internet content development project shall be implemented, support shall be extended to the digitalization of traditional publishing resources, the knowledge-services capacity shall be enhanced, and encouragement shall be given to the creation of outstanding original works on the Internet. |
| （八）環(huán)境權利 | (8) Environmental rights |
| 實行最嚴格的環(huán)境保護制度，形成政府、企業(yè)、公眾共治的環(huán)境治理體系，著力解決大氣、水、土壤等突出環(huán)境問題，實現(xiàn)環(huán)境質量總體改善。 | Implementing the strictest possible system of environmental protection, forming an environmental-governance system involving the government, enterprises and the general public, and striving to address such pressing environmental problems as air, water and soil pollution, so as to strive for an overall improvement of the environment. |
| ——切實落實環(huán)境保護法和大氣污染防治法，完善環(huán)境公益訴訟等配套制度。有序推進水污染防治法、土壤污染防治法、核安全法等立法規(guī)劃項目進程。 | -- Effectively implementing the Law on Environmental Protection and the Law on Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control, and improving environmental public interest litigation and other supporting mechanisms. The pace of legislation for water and soil pollution prevention and control, and nuclear safety shall be promoted in an orderly manner. |
| ——堅持不懈治理大氣污染。到2020年，地級以上城市空氣質量優(yōu)良天數(shù)比率超過80%，細顆粒物（PM2.5）未達標地級以上城市濃度下降18%，二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放總量減少15%。 | -- Sparing no effort to curb air pollution. By 2020 the ratio of days with good air quality in cities above the prefecture level shall exceed 80 percent, the density of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in such cities that have not yet met the required standards shall drop by 18 percent, and the total emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides shall drop by 15 percent. |
| ——強化水污染防治。加大水源地污染治理和流域水污染防治，篩選七大流域優(yōu)控污染物清單。到2020年，達到或好于Ⅲ類水體比例超過70%，劣Ⅴ類水體比例小于5%，地級以上城市建成區(qū)黑臭水體控制在10%以內(nèi)。化學需氧量、氨氮排放總量減少10%。地下水超采得到嚴格控制。 | -- Strengthening water pollution prevention and control. Efforts shall be intensified for pollution prevention and control in water-head areas and river basins, and a list of priority pollutants shall be screened and established for the country's seven major river basins. By 2020 bodies of water at or above the Grade-III level shall surpass 70 percent, with bodies of water at the Grade-V level reduced to 5 percent or less, and black and odorous bodies of water in built-up areas of cities above the prefecture level shall be limited to 10 percent or less. The chemical oxygen demand amount and total emission of ammonia nitrogen shall drop by 10 percent, and excessive exploitation of groundwater shall be brought under strict control. |
| ——制定實施土壤污染防治行動計劃。到2020年，完成200個土壤污染治理與修復技術應用試點項目。建設6個土壤污染綜合防治先行區(qū)，受污染耕地治理與修復面積達到1000萬畝，輕度和中度污染耕地實現(xiàn)安全利用的面積達到4000萬畝。 | -- Formulating and implementing the Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. By 2020 200 pilot programs shall be completed for the application of soil-pollution control and remedy technologies; six pilot areas of soil-pollution prevention and control shall be built; and area of polluted farmland treated and restored shall reach 10 million mu (less than 700,000 ha), with the area of lightly and moderately polluted farmland treated for safe utilization being 40 million mu (less than 3 million ha). |
| ——加強危險廢物污染防治。開展危險廢物專項整治。加大重點區(qū)域、有色等重點行業(yè)重金屬污染防治力度。加強有毒有害化學物質環(huán)境和健康風險評估能力建設。推進核設施安全改進和放射性污染防治，強化核與輻射安全監(jiān)管體系和監(jiān)管能力建設。 | -- Improving hazardous waste pollution prevention and control. Special programs shall be carried out in hazardous waste pollution control, and efforts shall be intensified for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in key areas and key industries such as non-ferrous metals. Capacity building shall be strengthened in environment and health risk assessment of toxic and harmful chemicals. Further efforts shall be made to promote the security improvement of nuclear facilities and prevention and control of radioactive contamination, and strengthen the security supervision system and capacity of nuclear and radioactive materials. |
| ——加強海洋資源環(huán)境保護。嚴格控制圍填海規(guī)模，加強海岸帶保護與修復，自然岸線保有率不低于35%。實施陸源污染物達標排海和排污總量控制制度，建立海洋資源環(huán)境承載力預警機制。嚴格控制捕撈強度。加強海洋生態(tài)珍稀物種保護。實施海洋督查制度。 | -- Improving the protection of marine resources and environment. Strict control shall be enforced on the scale of sea reclamation, and protection and restoration of coastal belts, seeing to it that at least 35 percent of the country' s shorelines remain in their natural conditions. A system shall be implemented under which terrigenous pollutants shall be treated and meet required standards before they are discharged into the sea and the total amount of waste discharge shall be capped. An early-warning mechanism shall be established in relation to marine resources and environment carrying capacity. Strict control shall be imposed on fishing intensity; protection of rare marine species shall be enhanced; and a marine supervision mechanism shall be implemented. |
| ——推動能源結構優(yōu)化升級。到2020年，單位GDP能源消耗降低15%，萬元GDP用水量下降23%，非化石能源占一次能源消費比重達15%，單位GDP二氧化碳排放降低18%。 | -- Promoting the improvement and upgrading of the energy structure. By 2020 the energy consumption per unit of GDP shall drop by 15 percent, water usage per RMB10,000 of GDP shall drop by 23 percent, non-fossil energy resources shall make up 15 percent of primary energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emission per unit of GDP shall decrease by 18 percent. |
| ——推進生態(tài)建設。加快生態(tài)保護紅線劃定，推動建立重點生態(tài)功能區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)準入負面清單制度。到2020年，森林覆蓋率提高到23%以上，濕地保有量穩(wěn)定在8億畝，自然保護地占國有面積穩(wěn)定在17%以上，新增沙化土地治理面積1000萬公頃，新增水土流失綜合治理面積27萬平方公里，國家森林城市達到200個，全國80%以上的行政村居民點綠化覆蓋率達25%以上。健全國門生物安全查驗機制，防范動植物疫情疫病跨境傳播和外來物種入侵。 | -- Promoting ecological conservation. The pace of delimiting the "red lines" for ecological conservation shall be accelerated, and efforts shall be made to forge ahead with the establishment of a negative list of industries that are not allowed in key eco-function zones. By 2020 the country's forest coverage shall be raised to 23 percent of its land; the wetland inventory shall be stabilized at 800 million mu (over 53 million ha); and nature reserves shall remain steady at 17 percent of the country's total land area, in addition to another 10 million ha of improved desert land and another 270,000 sq km of land of which soil erosion control has been completed. In addition, the number of national "forest cities" shall increase to 200, and the ratio of green land shall reach 25 percent in over 80 percent of the administrative villages nationwide. A bio-safety inspection mechanism shall be set up at land and sea ports to prevent the spread of plant and animal epidemics and diseases across borders, as well as invasion by alien species. |
| ——完善環(huán)境監(jiān)察體制機制。推行全流域、跨區(qū)域聯(lián)防聯(lián)控和城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)同治理模式。建立健全排污權有償使用和交易制度。建立企業(yè)環(huán)境信用記錄和違法排污黑名單制度。健全生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償制度。 | -- Improving environmental monitoring and supervision mechanisms. A trans-regional governance model shall be enforced for joint environmental prevention and control that covers all river basins and integrates urban and rural efforts. A system for paid use and trading of emission rights shall be established. So shall a system of environmental credit records for enterprises and a blacklist system of illegal waste discharge. The environmental damage compensation system shall be improved. |
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