印度邊防部隊(duì)在中印邊界錫金段越界進(jìn)入中國(guó)領(lǐng)土的事實(shí)和中國(guó)的立場(chǎng)（全文）
Full text of facts and China's position concerning Indian border troops' crossing of China-India boundary
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| 8月2日，中國(guó)外交部發(fā)布了《印度邊防部隊(duì)在中印邊界錫金段越界進(jìn)入中國(guó)領(lǐng)土的事實(shí)和中國(guó)的立場(chǎng)》政府立場(chǎng)文件。全文如下： | Chinese Foreign Ministry issued on Wednesday a document of the facts and China's position concerning the Indian border troops' crossing of China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector into the Chinese territory. The following is the full text of the document: |
| 印度邊防部隊(duì)在中印邊界錫金段越界進(jìn)入中國(guó)領(lǐng)土的事實(shí)和中國(guó)的立場(chǎng) | The Facts and China's Position Concerning the Indian Border Troops' Crossing of the China-India Boundary in the Sikkim Sector into the Chinese Territory |
| 一 | I |
| 1. 洞朗地區(qū)位于中國(guó)西藏自治區(qū)亞?wèn)|縣，西與印度錫金邦相鄰，南與不丹王國(guó)相接。1890年，中國(guó)和英國(guó)簽訂《中英會(huì)議藏印條約》，劃定了中國(guó)西藏地方和錫金之間的邊界。根據(jù)該條約規(guī)定，洞朗地區(qū)位于邊界線中國(guó)一側(cè)，是無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議的中國(guó)領(lǐng)土。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，中國(guó)邊防部隊(duì)和牧民一直在該地區(qū)開(kāi)展巡邏和放牧活動(dòng)。目前，洞朗地區(qū)與錫金之間的邊界是中印邊界錫金段的一部分。 | 1. The Dong Lang area (Doklam) is located in Yadong county of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It borders India's Sikkim state on the west and the Kingdom of Bhutan on the south. In 1890, China and the UK signed the Convention Between Great Britain and China Relating to Sikkim and Tibet which delimited the boundary between the Tibet region of China and Sikkim. According to the Convention, the Dong Lang area, which is located on the Chinese side of the boundary, is indisputably Chinese territory. For long, China's border troops have been patrolling the area and Chinese herdsmen grazing livestock there. At present, the boundary between the Dong Lang area and Sikkim is a part of the China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector. |
| 2. 2017年6月16日，中方在洞朗地區(qū)進(jìn)行道路施工。6月18日，印度邊防部隊(duì)270余人攜帶武器，連同2臺(tái)推土機(jī)，在多卡拉山口越過(guò)錫金段邊界線100多米，進(jìn)入中國(guó)境內(nèi)阻撓中方的修路活動(dòng)，引發(fā)局勢(shì)緊張。印度邊防部隊(duì)越界人數(shù)最多時(shí)達(dá)到400余人，連同2臺(tái)推土機(jī)和3頂帳篷，越界縱深達(dá)到180多米。截至7月底，印度邊防部隊(duì)仍有40多人和1臺(tái)推土機(jī)在中國(guó)領(lǐng)土上非法滯留。 | 2. On 16 June 2017, the Chinese side was building a road in the Dong Lang area. On 18 June, over 270 Indian border troops, carrying weapons and driving two bulldozers, crossed the boundary in the Sikkim Sector at the Duo Ka La (Doka La) pass and advanced more than 100 meters into the Chinese territory to obstruct the road building of the Chinese side, causing tension in the area. In addition to the two bulldozers, the trespassing Indian border troops, reaching as many as over 400 people at one point, have put up three tents and advanced over 180 meters into the Chinese territory. As of the end of July, there were still over 40 Indian border troops and one bulldozer illegally staying in the Chinese territory. |
| 3. 事件發(fā)生后，中國(guó)邊防部隊(duì)在現(xiàn)地采取了緊急應(yīng)對(duì)措施。6月19日，中方通過(guò)外交途徑緊急向印方提出嚴(yán)正交涉，對(duì)印方非法越界行為予以強(qiáng)烈抗議和譴責(zé)，要求印方立即將越界的印度邊防部隊(duì)撤回到邊界線印度一側(cè)。中國(guó)外交部、國(guó)防部、中國(guó)駐印度使館在北京和新德里先后多次向印度提出嚴(yán)正交涉，強(qiáng)烈要求印度尊重中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土主權(quán)，立即撤回越界的邊防部隊(duì)。中國(guó)外交部、國(guó)防部發(fā)言人多次公開(kāi)表態(tài)，說(shuō)明事實(shí)真相，表明中方立場(chǎng)，并公布了印軍越界的地圖和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)照片（見(jiàn)附件1）。 | 3. After the outbreak of the incident, Chinese border troops took contingency response measures on the spot. On 19 June, the Chinese side made prompt and serious representations with the Indian side through diplomatic channels to strongly protest and condemn the illegal trespass by the Indian side and demand the immediate withdrawal of the trespassing Indian border troops back to the Indian side of the boundary.China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of National Defense and the Chinese Embassy in India made serious representations with India for multiple times in Beijing and New Delhi, strongly urging India to respect China's territorial sovereignty and immediately pull back its trespassing border troops. The spokespersons of the Chinese foreign and defense ministries spoke in public on various occasions, laid out the facts and truth, stated China's position and released a map and on-the-scene photos showing Indian troops' trespass (see Appendix I). |
| 二 | II |
| 4. 中印邊界錫金段已由1890年《中英會(huì)議藏印條約》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱“1890年條約”，見(jiàn)附件2）劃定。該條約第一款規(guī)定：“藏、哲之界，以自布坦交界之支莫摯山起，至廓爾喀邊界止，分哲屬梯斯塔及近山南流諸小河，藏屬莫竹及近山北流諸小河，分水流之一帶山頂為界”（注：支莫摯山即今吉姆馬珍山）。此段邊界線走向條約敘述清晰準(zhǔn)確,實(shí)地邊界線沿分水嶺而行，走向清晰可辨。 | 4. The China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector has already been delimited by the 1890 Convention Between Great Britain and China Relating to Sikkim and Tibet (hereinafter referred to as the 1890 Convention, see Appendix II). Article I of this Convention stipulates that "The boundary of Sikkim and Tibet shall be the crest of the mountain range separating the waters flowing into the Sikkim Teesta and its affluents from the waters flowing into the Tibetan Mochu and northwards into other Rivers of Tibet. The line commences at Mount Gipmochi on the Bhutan frontier, and follows the above-mentioned water-parting to the point where it meets Nipal territory." (Mount Gipmochi is currently known as Mount Ji Mu Ma Zhen.) The Convention gives a clear and precise description of the alignment of the boundary in this sector. The actual boundary on the ground follows the watershed and its alignment is easily identifiable. |
| 5. 新中國(guó)成立和印度獨(dú)立后，兩國(guó)政府均繼承了1890年條約以及據(jù)此確定的中印邊界錫金段已定界，這反映在印度總理尼赫魯給中國(guó)總理周恩來(lái)的信件、印度駐華使館給中國(guó)外交部的照會(huì)、中印邊界問(wèn)題特別代表會(huì)晤印方提交的文件中（見(jiàn)附件3）。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，中印兩國(guó)按1890年條約確定的邊界線實(shí)施管轄，對(duì)于邊界線的具體走向沒(méi)有異議。邊界一經(jīng)條約確定，即受國(guó)際法特別保護(hù)，不得侵犯。 | 5. After the founding of the People's Republic of China and the independence of India, the governments of both countries inherited the 1890 Convention and the delimited China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector as established by the Convention. This is evidenced by Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru' s letters to Chinese Premier Chou En-lai, diplomatic notes from the Indian Embassy in China to the Chinese Foreign Ministry, and documents provided by the Indian side in the Special Representatives Talks on China-India Boundary Question (see Appendix III). Each of the two sides has for long exercised jurisdiction over its side of the boundary delimited by the 1890 Convention without any dispute over the specific alignment of the boundary. Once a boundary is established by a convention, it is under particular protection of international law and shall not be violated. |
| 6. 6月18日以來(lái)，印度邊防部隊(duì)非法越過(guò)中印錫金段邊界進(jìn)入了中國(guó)領(lǐng)土，這是不容否認(rèn)的事實(shí)。此次事件發(fā)生在邊界線清楚的已定界地區(qū)，與過(guò)去雙方邊防部隊(duì)在未定界地區(qū)發(fā)生的摩擦有著本質(zhì)區(qū)別。印度邊防部隊(duì)越過(guò)既定邊界，侵犯了中國(guó)主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，違反了1890年條約，違反了《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》，是對(duì)國(guó)際法基本原則和國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則的粗暴踐踏，性質(zhì)非常嚴(yán)重。 | 6. Since 18 June, the Indian border troops have illegally crossed the China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector and entered the Chinese territory. This is an undeniable fact. The incident occurred in an area where there is a clear and delimited boundary. This makes it fundamentally different from past frictions between the border troops of the two sides in areas with delimited boundary. The Indian border troops' crossing of the already delimited boundary is a very serious incident, as it violates China's sovereignty and territorial integrity, contravenes the 1890 Convention and the UN Charter, and tramples grossly on the basic principles of international law and basic norms governing international relations. |
| 三 | III |
| 7. 事件發(fā)生以來(lái)，印度炮制種種“借口”為其非法行為辯護(hù)，有關(guān)說(shuō)法在事實(shí)和法律上毫無(wú)根據(jù)，根本不能成立。 | 7. Since the incident broke out, India has invented various excuses to justify its illegal action, but its arguments have no factual or legal grounds at all and are simply untenable. |
| 8. 中印邊界錫金段已經(jīng)劃定，洞朗地區(qū)是中國(guó)領(lǐng)土。中國(guó)在自己的領(lǐng)土上進(jìn)行道路施工，目的是為了改善當(dāng)?shù)氐慕煌?，完全正?dāng)合法。中國(guó)修路活動(dòng)沒(méi)有越過(guò)邊界線，而且提前通報(bào)了印度，最大限度體現(xiàn)了善意。印度邊防部隊(duì)公然越過(guò)雙方承認(rèn)的邊界線，侵入中國(guó)領(lǐng)土，侵犯中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土主權(quán)。這才是真正企圖改變邊界現(xiàn)狀，也嚴(yán)重破壞了中印邊境地區(qū)的和平與安寧。 | 8. The China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector has already been delimited, and the Dong Lang area is Chinese territory. China's road building on its own territory is aimed at improving local transportation, which is completely lawful and legitimate. China did not cross the boundary in its road building, and it notified India in advance in full reflection of China' s goodwill. The Indian border troops have flagrantly crossed the mutually-recognized boundary to intrude into the Chinese territory and violated China' s territorial sovereignty. This is indeed a real attempt to change the status quo of the boundary, and it has gravely undermined peace and tranquility of the China-India border area. |
| 9. 印度以中國(guó)修路活動(dòng)帶來(lái)“嚴(yán)重安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”為自己的非法越界行為辯護(hù)。聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)1974年12月14日通過(guò)的3314號(hào)決議規(guī)定，不得以任何理由，不論是政治性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、軍事性或其他性質(zhì)理由，為一個(gè)國(guó)家的武裝部隊(duì)侵入或攻擊另一國(guó)家的領(lǐng)土作辯解。以所謂的“安全關(guān)切”為由越過(guò)已定邊界線進(jìn)入鄰國(guó)領(lǐng)土，無(wú)論從事任何活動(dòng)，都違反國(guó)際法基本原則和國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則，都不會(huì)為任何一個(gè)主權(quán)國(guó)家所容忍，更不是中印兩個(gè)鄰國(guó)正常的相處之道。 | 9. India has cited "serious security implications" of China's road building as a justification for its illegal crossing of the boundary. According to UN General Assembly Resolution 3314 adopted on 14 December 1974, no consideration of whatsoever nature, whether political, economic, military or otherwise, may serve as a justification for the invasion or attack by the armed forces of a State of the territory of another State. To cross a delimited boundary and enter the territory of a neighboring country on the grounds of so-called "security concerns", for whatever activities, runs counter to the basic principles of international law and basic norms governing international relations. No such attempt will be tolerated by any sovereign State, still less should it be the normal way of conduct between China and India as two neighboring States. |
| 10. 長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，印軍在多卡拉山口及其附近地區(qū)的邊界線印度一側(cè)修建了道路等大量基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，甚至在邊界線上修建碉堡等軍事設(shè)施。與此相反，中國(guó)在該段邊界線中國(guó)一側(cè)只進(jìn)行了少量的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。近年來(lái)，印度邊防部隊(duì)還阻撓中國(guó)邊防部隊(duì)沿著邊界線正常巡邏執(zhí)勤，并企圖越界修建軍事設(shè)施，中國(guó)邊防部隊(duì)對(duì)此多次提出抗議并依法拆除印軍越界設(shè)施。實(shí)際上，正是印度企圖不斷改變中印邊界錫金段現(xiàn)狀，對(duì)中國(guó)構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重的安全威脅。 | 10. Over the years, Indian troops have constructed a large number of infrastructure facilities including roads at the Duo Ka La pass and its nearby areas on the Indian side of the boundary, and even built fortifications and other military installations on the boundary. China, on the contrary, has only had very little infrastructure built on its side of the boundary in the same sector. In recent years, Indian border troops have also obstructed the normal patrols along the boundary by Chinese border troops, and attempted to build military installations across the boundary. In response, Chinese border troops lodged repeated protests and took lawful actions to dismantle the facilities installed by the Indian military on the Chinese side of the boundary. The fact of the matter is it is India that has attempted time and again to change the status quo of the China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector, which poses a grave security threat to China. |
| 11. 1890年條約已確定，中印邊界錫金段起自與不丹交界的吉姆馬珍山，這是中印邊界錫金段的東端點(diǎn)，也是中國(guó)、印度、不丹的三國(guó)交界點(diǎn)。此次印度邊防部隊(duì)越界的地點(diǎn)位于中印邊界錫金段的邊界線上,距離吉姆馬珍山約有2000多米之遠(yuǎn)。此次事件與三國(guó)交界點(diǎn)問(wèn)題并無(wú)關(guān)系。印度應(yīng)尊重1890年條約及其確定的中印邊界錫金段東端點(diǎn)，無(wú)權(quán)單方面改變既定邊界線及其東端點(diǎn)，更不得以此為由侵犯中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土主權(quán)。 | 11. The 1890 Convention has made it abundantly clear that the China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector commences at Mount Ji Mu Ma Zhen on the Bhutan frontier. Mount Ji Mu Ma Zhen is the eastern starting point of the China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector and it is also the boundary tri-junction between China, India and Bhutan. The Indian border troops' trespass occurred at a place on the China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector, which is more than 2,000 meters away from Mount Ji Mu Ma Zhen. Matters concerning the boundary tri-junction have nothing to do with this incident. India should respect the 1890 Convention and the eastern starting point of the China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector as established by the Convention. It has no right to unilaterally alter the delimited boundary and its eastern starting point, still less should it violate China's territorial sovereignty on the basis of its untenable arguments. |
| 12. 邊界在國(guó)際法上具有穩(wěn)定性和不可侵犯性。由1890年條約確定的中印邊界錫金段持續(xù)有效，為中印雙方一再確認(rèn)。任何一方都須嚴(yán)格恪守，不得侵犯。中印雙方正在邊界問(wèn)題特別代表會(huì)晤中探討在錫金段邊界實(shí)現(xiàn)解決邊界問(wèn)題的“早期收獲”，這主要是考慮到錫金段邊界已由1890年條約劃定，且該條約由當(dāng)時(shí)的中國(guó)和英國(guó)簽署，中印應(yīng)該以中國(guó)和印度的名義簽訂新的邊界條約，以代替1890年條約。但這絲毫不影響中印邊界錫金段的既定邊界性質(zhì)。 | 12. The stability and inviolability of boundaries is a fundamental principle enshrined in international law. The China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector as delimited by the 1890 Convention has been continuously valid and repeatedly reaffirmed by both the Chinese and Indian sides. Either side shall strictly abide by the boundary which shall not be violated. The Chinese and Indian sides have been in discussion on making the boundary in the Sikkim Sector an "early harvest" in the settlement of the entire boundary question during the meetings between the Special Representatives on the China-India Boundary Question. This is mainly in view of the following considerations. The boundary in the Sikkim Sector has long been delimited by the 1890 Convention, which was signed between then China and Great Britain. China and India ought to sign a new boundary convention in their own names to replace the 1890 Convention. This, however, in no way alters the nature of the boundary in the Sikkim Sector as having already been delimited. |
| 13. 洞朗地區(qū)歷來(lái)屬于中國(guó)，一直在中國(guó)的有效管轄之下，不存在爭(zhēng)議。中國(guó)和不丹都是主權(quán)獨(dú)立國(guó)家，從上世紀(jì)80年代開(kāi)始通過(guò)談判協(xié)商解決邊界問(wèn)題，迄今已進(jìn)行了24輪邊界會(huì)談，達(dá)成了廣泛共識(shí)。兩國(guó)雖未正式劃界，但雙方已對(duì)邊境地區(qū)實(shí)施了聯(lián)合勘察，對(duì)邊境地區(qū)的實(shí)際情況和邊界線走向存在基本共識(shí)。中不邊界問(wèn)題是中、不兩國(guó)的事情，與印度無(wú)關(guān)。印度作為第三方，無(wú)權(quán)介入并阻撓中不邊界談判進(jìn)程，更無(wú)權(quán)為不丹主張領(lǐng)土。印度以不丹為借口侵入中國(guó)領(lǐng)土，不僅侵犯了中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土主權(quán)，而且是對(duì)不丹主權(quán)和獨(dú)立的挑戰(zhàn)。中國(guó)和不丹是友好鄰邦，中國(guó)歷來(lái)尊重不丹的主權(quán)和獨(dú)立。在雙方的共同努力下，中不兩國(guó)邊境地區(qū)一直保持和平安寧。中國(guó)愿繼續(xù)同不丹一道，在不受外來(lái)干涉的情況下，通過(guò)談判協(xié)商解決兩國(guó)間的邊界問(wèn)題。 | 13. The Dong Lang area has all along been part of China and under China's continuous and effective jurisdiction. There is no dispute in this regard. Since the 1980s, China and Bhutan, as two independent sovereign States, have been engaged in negotiations and consultations to resolve their boundary issue. The two sides have, so far, had 24 rounds of talks and reached broad consensus.Although the boundary is yet to be formally delimited, the two sides have conducted joint surveys in their border area and have basic consensus on the actual state of the border area and the alignment of their boundary. The China-Bhutan boundary issue is one between China and Bhutan. It has nothing to do with India. As a third party, India has no right to interfere in or impede the boundary talks between China and Bhutan, still less the right to make territorial claims on Bhutan's behalf. India's intrusion into the Chinese territory under the pretext of Bhutan has not only violated China's territorial sovereignty but also challenged Bhutan's sovereignty and independence. China and Bhutan are friendly neighbors. China has all along respected Bhutan's sovereignty and independence. Thanks to the joint efforts of both sides, the border area between China and Bhutan has always enjoyed peace and tranquility. China will continue to work with Bhutan to resolve the boundary issue between the two countries through negotiations and consultations in the absence of external interference. |
| 四 | IV |
| 14. 事件發(fā)生以來(lái)，中國(guó)本著最大善意，保持高度克制，努力通過(guò)外交渠道與印度溝通解決此次事件。但任何國(guó)家都不應(yīng)低估中國(guó)政府和人民捍衛(wèi)領(lǐng)土主權(quán)的決心。中國(guó)將采取一切必要措施維護(hù)自己的正當(dāng)合法權(quán)益。此次事件發(fā)生在已定邊界線的中國(guó)一側(cè)，印度應(yīng)立即無(wú)條件將越界的邊防部隊(duì)撤回邊界線印度一側(cè)，這是解決此次事件的前提和基礎(chǔ)。 | 14. Since the incident occurred, China has shown utmost goodwill and great restraint and sought to communicate with India through diplomatic channels to resolve the incident. But no country should ever underestimate the resolve of the Chinese government and people to defend China's territorial sovereignty. China will take all necessary measures to safeguard its legitimate and lawful rights and interests. The incident took place on the Chinese side of the delimited boundary. India should immediately and unconditionally withdraw its trespassing border troops back to the Indian side of the boundary. This is a prerequisite and basis for resolving the incident. |
| 15. 中印是兩個(gè)最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家。中國(guó)政府一貫重視發(fā)展同印度的睦鄰友好關(guān)系，致力于維護(hù)兩國(guó)邊境地區(qū)的和平與安寧。中方敦促印度政府從兩國(guó)關(guān)系大局和兩國(guó)人民的福祉出發(fā)，恪守1890年條約及其確定的中印既定邊界，尊重中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土主權(quán)，遵守和平共處五項(xiàng)原則等國(guó)際法基本原則和國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則，立即將越界的邊防部隊(duì)撤回邊界線印度一側(cè)，并徹底調(diào)查此次非法越界行為，盡快妥善解決此次事件，恢復(fù)兩國(guó)邊境地區(qū)的和平與安寧。這符合兩國(guó)的根本利益，也是本地區(qū)國(guó)家和國(guó)際社會(huì)的共同期待。 | 15. China and India are the world's largest developing countries. The Chinese government always values the growth of good-neighborly and friendly relations with India and is committed to maintaining peace and tranquility in the border area between the two countries. The Chinese side urges the Indian government to keep in mind the larger interest of bilateral relations and the well-being of the two peoples, abide by the 1890 Convention and the delimited China-India boundary established therein, respect China's territorial sovereignty, observe the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and other basic principles of international law and basic norms governing international relations, immediately withdraw its trespassing border troops back to the Indian side of the boundary and conduct a thorough investigation into the illegal trespass so as to swiftly and appropriately resolve the incident and restore peace and tranquility to the border area between the two countries. This would serve the fundamental interests of both countries and go along with the shared expectations of countries in the region and the wider international community. |
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