本屆政府任期即將結(jié)束?，F(xiàn)在，我代表國務(wù)院，向大會報告工作，請予審議，并請全國政協(xié)委員提出意見。

The term of this government is about to come to a close. On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval and also for comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、過去一年和五年工作回顧

I. A Review of Our Work in 2022 and over the Past Five Years

2022年是黨和國家歷史上極為重要的一年。黨的二十大勝利召開，描繪了全面建設(shè)社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家的宏偉藍圖。面對風(fēng)高浪急的國際環(huán)境和艱巨繁重的國內(nèi)改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定任務(wù)，以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央團結(jié)帶領(lǐng)全國各族人民迎難而上，全面落實疫情要防住、經(jīng)濟要穩(wěn)住、發(fā)展要安全的要求，加大宏觀調(diào)控力度，實現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)運行、發(fā)展質(zhì)量穩(wěn)步提升、社會大局保持穩(wěn)定，我國發(fā)展取得來之極為不易的新成就。

The year 2022 was a year of great importance in the history of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and our country. The Party successfully convened its 20th National Congress, during which it drew up an inspiring blueprint for building China into a modern socialist country in all respects. In the face of high winds and choppy waters in the international environment and challenging tasks in promoting reform, development, and stability at home, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core brought together the Chinese people of all ethnic groups and led them in meeting difficulties head-on. We acted on the requirements of responding effectively to Covid-19, maintaining economic stability, and ensuring security in development, and intensified macro regulation. As a result, we stabilized the economy, steadily enhanced development quality, and maintained overall social stability, securing new and hard-won achievements in China's development.

過去一年，我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展遇到疫情等國內(nèi)外多重超預(yù)期因素沖擊。在黨中央堅強領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，我們高效統(tǒng)籌疫情防控和經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展，根據(jù)病毒變化和防疫形勢，優(yōu)化調(diào)整疫情防控措施。面對經(jīng)濟新的下行壓力，果斷應(yīng)對、及時調(diào)控，動用近年儲備的政策工具，靠前實施既定政策舉措，堅定不移推進供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，出臺實施穩(wěn)經(jīng)濟一攬子政策和接續(xù)措施，部署穩(wěn)住經(jīng)濟大盤工作，加強對地方落實政策的督導(dǎo)服務(wù)，支持各地挖掘政策潛力，支持經(jīng)濟大省勇挑大梁，突出穩(wěn)增長穩(wěn)就業(yè)穩(wěn)物價，推動經(jīng)濟企穩(wěn)回升。全年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長3%，城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1206萬人，年末城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率降到5.5%，居民消費價格上漲2%。貨物進出口總額增長7.7%。財政赤字率控制在2.8%，中央財政收支符合預(yù)算、支出略有結(jié)余。國際收支保持平衡，人民幣匯率在全球主要貨幣中表現(xiàn)相對穩(wěn)健。糧食產(chǎn)量1.37萬億斤，增產(chǎn)74億斤。生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量持續(xù)改善。在攻堅克難中穩(wěn)住了經(jīng)濟大盤，在復(fù)雜多變的環(huán)境中基本完成全年發(fā)展主要目標任務(wù)，我國經(jīng)濟展現(xiàn)出堅強韌性。

Over the past year, China's economy was impacted by Covid-19 and other domestic and international factors beyond our expectations. However, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee, we carried out Covid-19 response and pursued economic and social development in an effective and well-coordinated way; and we improved and adjusted response measures in view of virus variations and the evolving dynamics of epidemic prevention and control. 

Confronted with new downward pressure on the economy, we acted decisively and made timely adjustments. We made use of the policy tools kept in reserve over recent years, front-loaded the implementation of adopted policies, and remained firm in advancing supply-side structural reform. We unveiled and implemented a full range of policies and follow-up measures to stabilize the economy. 

We formulated plans for the task of ensuring overall economic stability. We stepped up supervision and support to ensure policy implementation by local governments and assisted them in fully leveraging the potential of policies, and supported major economically developed provinces in shouldering greater responsibility. We gave priority to ensuring stable growth, employment, and prices, thus bringing about a steady economic recovery. 

Gross domestic product (GDP) of the year grew by 3 percent. A total of 12.06 million urban jobs were added, with the year-end surveyed urban unemployment rate falling to 5.5 percent. The consumer price index (CPI) rose by 2 percent. The total volume of trade in goods rose by 7.7 percent. The deficit-to-GDP ratio was kept at 2.8 percent, and central government revenue and expenditure were in line with budget projections, with expenditure slightly lower than the budgeted figure. A basic equilibrium was maintained in the balance of payments, and the RMB exchange rate remained stable relative to other major global currencies. Grain output reached 685 million metric tons, an increase of 3.7 million metric tons. The environment continued to improve. 

Overcoming great difficulties and challenges, we succeeded in maintaining overall stable economic performance. Amid a complex and fluid environment, we were able to generally accomplish the main targets and tasks for the year. Such achievements are a testament to the tremendous resilience of China's economy.

針對企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營困難加劇，加大紓困支持力度。受疫情等因素沖擊，不少企業(yè)和個體工商戶遇到特殊困難。全年增值稅留抵退稅超過2.4萬億元，新增減稅降費超過1萬億元，緩稅緩費7500多億元。為有力支持減稅降費政策落實，中央對地方轉(zhuǎn)移支付大幅增加。引導(dǎo)金融機構(gòu)增加信貸投放，降低融資成本，新發(fā)放企業(yè)貸款平均利率降至有統(tǒng)計以來最低水平，對受疫情影響嚴重的中小微企業(yè)、個體工商戶和餐飲、旅游、貨運等實施階段性貸款延期還本付息，對普惠小微貸款階段性減息。用改革辦法激發(fā)市場活力。量大面廣的中小微企業(yè)和個體工商戶普遍受益。

We stepped up relief support to enterprises facing growing difficulties in operation and production. Impacted by Covid-19 and other factors, many enterprises and self-employed individuals experienced acute distress. Last year, value-added tax (VAT) credit refunds exceeded 2.4 trillion yuan, newly implemented tax and fee cuts amounted to more than 1 trillion yuan, and postponements were introduced for tax and fee payments of over 750 billion yuan. To ensure implementation of tax and fee reduction policies, the central government significantly increased transfer payments to local governments. 

We provided guidance to financial institutions on increasing credit supply and lowering financing costs. Average interest rates on new enterprise loans fell to the lowest level on record, and time-limited measures were taken to defer principal and interest repayments on loans to businesses severely affected by Covid-19, such as micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), self-employed individuals, and enterprises in catering, tourism, and freight transportation, and to lower interest rates on inclusive loans to micro and small businesses. We injected fresh vitality into the market through reform. Many MSMEs and self-employed individuals in various sectors have benefited as a result.

針對有效需求不足的突出矛盾，多措并舉擴投資促消費穩(wěn)外貿(mào)。去年終端消費直接受到?jīng)_擊，投資也受到影響。提前實施部分“十四五”規(guī)劃重大工程項目，加快地方政府專項債券發(fā)行使用，依法盤活用好專項債務(wù)結(jié)存限額，分兩期投放政策性開發(fā)性金融工具7400億元，為重大項目建設(shè)補充資本金。運用專項再貸款、財政貼息等政策，支持重點領(lǐng)域設(shè)備更新改造。采取聯(lián)合辦公、地方承諾等辦法，提高項目審批效率。全年基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、制造業(yè)投資分別增長9.4%、9.1%，帶動固定資產(chǎn)投資增長5.1%，一定程度彌補了消費收縮缺口。發(fā)展消費新業(yè)態(tài)新模式，采取減免車輛購置稅等措施促進汽車消費，新能源汽車銷量增長93.4%，開展綠色智能家電、綠色建材下鄉(xiāng)，社會消費品零售總額保持基本穩(wěn)定。出臺金融支持措施，支持剛性和改善性住房需求，扎實推進保交樓穩(wěn)民生工作。幫助外貿(mào)企業(yè)解決原材料、用工、物流等難題，提升港口集疏運效率，及時回應(yīng)和解決外資企業(yè)關(guān)切，貨物進出口好于預(yù)期，實際使用外資穩(wěn)定增長。

To address lack of effective demand, we adopted a combination of measures to expand investment, stimulate consumption, and stabilize foreign trade. 

Consumer spending was hit hard last year, and investment also suffered. In response, we launched several major projects set out in the 14th Five-Year Plan ahead of schedule, expedited the processes of issuing and utilizing local government special-purpose bonds, made better use of carryover quotas for special-purpose bonds in accordance with the law, and issued development and policy-backed financial instruments in two batches totaling 740 billion yuan to replenish the capital for major projects. 

We used targeted re-lending, loan interest subsidies, and other policies to support key sectors in upgrading equipment. To speed up project screening, different government departments established joint offices and a commitment-based approval system was adopted for local governments. 

In 2022, investments in infrastructure and the manufacturing sector increased by 9.4 percent and 9.1 percent respectively, while fixed-asset investment increased by 5.1 percent. This has, to some degree, offset the contraction in consumption. We fostered new modes and new forms of consumer spending and adopted measures including reductions and exemptions on vehicle purchase tax to boost spending on automobiles. As a result, sales of new-energy vehicles surged by 93.4 percent. 

Initiatives were launched to stimulate spending on green and smart home appliances and green building materials in rural areas. Thanks to these efforts, we kept total retail sales of consumer products generally stable. 

We adopted financial measures to meet people's demand for buying their first home or improving their housing situation and took concrete steps to ensure that overdue housing projects were completed and delivered to meet people's basic living needs. 

We assisted foreign trade enterprises in tackling difficulties relating to raw materials, labor, and logistics, improved loading, unloading and transport efficiency in ports, and responded promptly to the concerns of foreign-funded enterprises and helped resolve their problems. The volume of trade in goods exceeded expectations, and utilized foreign investment increased steadily.

針對就業(yè)壓力凸顯，強化穩(wěn)崗擴就業(yè)政策支持。去年城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率一度明顯攀升。財稅、金融、投資等政策更加注重穩(wěn)就業(yè)。對困難行業(yè)企業(yè)社保費實施緩繳，大幅提高失業(yè)保險基金穩(wěn)崗返還比例，增加穩(wěn)崗擴崗補助。落實擔(dān)保貸款、租金減免等創(chuàng)業(yè)支持政策。突出做好高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)工作，開展就業(yè)困難人員專項幫扶。在重點工程建設(shè)中推廣以工代賑。脫貧人口務(wù)工規(guī)模超過3200萬人、實現(xiàn)穩(wěn)中有增。就業(yè)形勢總體保持穩(wěn)定。

In response to significant employment pressure, we boosted policy support to stabilize and increase employment. Last year, the surveyed urban unemployment rate saw a notable increase for some time. Therefore, we put a stronger emphasis on ensuring stable employment when implementing fiscal, tax, financial, and investment policies. We postponed the payment of social insurance premiums by enterprises in distressed sectors, significantly increased the proportion of unemployment insurance funds returned to enterprises to keep payrolls stable, and raised subsidies for stabilizing and increasing employment. To support business startups, we implemented policies on guaranteed loans and on reducing or waiving the rent for state-owned premises. 

We made college graduates employment a priority and provided targeted assistance to people who had difficulty finding employment. Work-relief programs in major projects were expanded. More than 32 million people were lifted out of poverty with new employment, maintaining a steady increase. Thanks to these efforts, overall employment remained stable.

針對全球通脹高企帶來的影響，以糧食和能源為重點做好保供穩(wěn)價。去年全球通脹達到40多年來新高，國內(nèi)價格穩(wěn)定面臨較大壓力。有效應(yīng)對洪澇、干旱等嚴重自然災(zāi)害，不誤農(nóng)時搶抓糧食播種和收獲，督促和協(xié)調(diào)農(nóng)機通行，保障農(nóng)事活動有序開展，分三批向種糧農(nóng)民發(fā)放農(nóng)資補貼，保障糧食豐收和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品穩(wěn)定供給。發(fā)揮煤炭主體能源作用，增加煤炭先進產(chǎn)能，加大對發(fā)電供熱企業(yè)支持力度，保障能源正常供應(yīng)。在全球高通脹的背景下，我國物價保持較低水平，尤為難得。

In the face of a global surge in inflation, we strived to ensure market supply and stable prices, particularly those of food and energy. Last year, global inflation rocketed to a 40-year high, exerting great pressure on domestic price stability. 

We responded effectively to major natural disasters such as floods and droughts. To see that no time was lost during the planting and harvest seasons, we worked to ensure unrestricted movement of agricultural machines on public roads and saw that farming was free from disruptions. 

We issued agricultural supply subsidies to grain growers in three installments. All this helped ensure good grain harvests and stable supplies of major agricultural products. 

We leveraged the role of coal as a major source of energy, increased advanced coal production capacity and stepped up support for power plants and heat-supply enterprises to ensure energy supplies. Despite high global inflation, we have kept overall prices at a comparatively low level, which is truly remarkable.

針對部分群眾生活困難增多，強化基本民生保障。階段性擴大低保等社會保障政策覆蓋面，將更多困難群體納入保障范圍。延續(xù)實施失業(yè)保險保障擴圍政策，共向1000多萬失業(yè)人員發(fā)放失業(yè)保險待遇。向更多低收入群眾發(fā)放價格補貼，約6700萬人受益。免除經(jīng)濟困難高校畢業(yè)生2022年國家助學(xué)貸款利息并允許延期還本。做好因疫因災(zāi)遇困群眾臨時救助工作，切實兜住民生底線。

To assist people experiencing increased difficulties in their lives, we bolstered support to ensure their basic living needs. We took time-limited measures to expand the scope of subsistence allowances and other social security policies to cover more groups in difficulty. Continuing the policy on expanding unemployment insurance coverage, we provided unemployment benefits to over 10 million people in total. We also provided price subsidies for more people on low incomes, benefiting about 67 million in all. 

We waived interest payments on government-subsidized student loans to college graduates with financial difficulties and granted extensions on the principal repayments for these loans. We provided emergency assistance to people hit hard by the epidemic or natural disasters, thus ensuring that the basic living needs of all our people were met.

與此同時，我們?nèi)媛鋵嵵醒虢?jīng)濟工作會議部署，按照十三屆全國人大五次會議批準的政府工作報告安排，統(tǒng)籌推進經(jīng)濟社會各領(lǐng)域工作。經(jīng)過艱苦努力，當前消費需求、市場流通、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、企業(yè)預(yù)期等明顯向好，經(jīng)濟增長正在企穩(wěn)向上，我國經(jīng)濟有巨大潛力和發(fā)展動力。

We also fully implemented the plans set forth at the Central Conference on Economic Work and in the Report on the Work of the Government approved at the Fifth Session of the 13th National People's Congress (NPC), and made coordinated advances in all fields of economic and social development.

Thanks to our dedicated work, consumer demand, market distribution, industrial production, and business expectations have all markedly improved. China's economy is staging a steady recovery and demonstrating vast potential and momentum for further growth.

各位代表！

Fellow Deputies,

過去五年極不尋常、極不平凡。在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，我們經(jīng)受了世界變局加快演變、新冠疫情沖擊、國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟下行等多重考驗，如期打贏脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)，如期全面建成小康社會，實現(xiàn)第一個百年奮斗目標，開啟向第二個百年奮斗目標進軍新征程。各地區(qū)各部門堅持以習(xí)近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導(dǎo)，深刻領(lǐng)悟“兩個確立”的決定性意義，增強“四個意識”、堅定“四個自信”、做到“兩個維護”，全面貫徹黨的十九大和十九屆歷次全會精神，深入貫徹黨的二十大精神，堅持穩(wěn)中求進工作總基調(diào)，完整、準確、全面貫徹新發(fā)展理念，構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局，推動高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展和安全，我國經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展取得舉世矚目的重大成就。

The past five years have been truly momentous and remarkable. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we have met numerous tests, including accelerated changes on the international landscape, the Covid-19 pandemic, and a domestic economic slowdown. 

We both won the critical battle against poverty and finished building a moderately prosperous society in all respects as scheduled, thus attaining the First Centenary Goal and embarking on a new journey to realize the Second Centenary Goal. 

All localities and government departments followed the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; gained a deep understanding of the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping's core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; enhanced their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership; stayed confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; upheld Comrade Xi Jinping's core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and upheld the Central Committee's authority and its centralized, unified leadership; and fully acted on the guiding principles from the 19th CPC National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 19th Party Central Committee and thoroughly implemented the guiding principles from the Party's 20th National Congress. 

We stayed true to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability. We fully and faithfully applied the new development philosophy on all fronts, worked to create a new pattern of development, promoted high-quality development, and ensured both development and security. As a result, we have made major achievements in economic and social development, which garnered recognition around the world.

——經(jīng)濟發(fā)展再上新臺階。國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增加到121萬億元，五年年均增長5.2%，十年增加近70萬億元、年均增長6.2%，在高基數(shù)基礎(chǔ)上實現(xiàn)了中高速增長、邁向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。財政收入增加到20.4萬億元。糧食產(chǎn)量連年穩(wěn)定在1.3萬億斤以上。工業(yè)增加值突破40萬億元。城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)年均1270多萬人。外匯儲備穩(wěn)定在3萬億美元以上。我國經(jīng)濟實力明顯提升。

- Economic strength reached new heights. 

China's GDP increased to 121 trillion yuan, registering an annual growth rate of 5.2 percent over the past five years. Over the past decade, GDP has increased by almost 70 trillion yuan at an annual rate of 6.2 percent. We have achieved a medium-high rate of economic growth given our large economic aggregate and transitioned to high-quality development. Government revenue increased to 20.4 trillion yuan. Annual grain output remained steady at over 650 million metric tons for many consecutive years. The total value-added of industry exceeded the 40-trillion-yuan mark, and average yearly urban jobs growth hit more than 12.7 million. Foreign exchange reserves remained stable at over US$3 trillion. These figures show that China's economic strength has increased significantly.

——脫貧攻堅任務(wù)勝利完成。經(jīng)過八年持續(xù)努力，近1億農(nóng)村貧困人口實現(xiàn)脫貧，全國832個貧困縣全部摘帽，960多萬貧困人口實現(xiàn)易地搬遷，歷史性地解決了絕對貧困問題。

- The critical fight against poverty was won. 

Thanks to eight years of continued efforts, close to 100 million poor rural residents and a total of 832 impoverished counties were lifted from poverty, including more than 9.6 million poverty-stricken people relocated from inhospitable areas. We have thus, once and for all, resolved the problem of absolute poverty in China.

——科技創(chuàng)新成果豐碩。構(gòu)建新型舉國體制，組建國家實驗室，分批推進全國重點實驗室重組。一些關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)取得新突破，載人航天、探月探火、深海深地探測、超級計算機、衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航、量子信息、核電技術(shù)、大飛機制造、人工智能、生物醫(yī)藥等領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)新成果不斷涌現(xiàn)。全社會研發(fā)經(jīng)費投入強度從2.1%提高到2.5%以上，科技進步貢獻率提高到60%以上，創(chuàng)新支撐發(fā)展能力不斷增強。

- Fruitful gains were made in scientific and technological innovation.

We established a new system for mobilizing resources nationwide to make key technological breakthroughs, opened a number of national laboratories, and reorganized key national laboratories in several batches. 

Breakthroughs were made in core technologies in key fields, and a stream of innovations emerged in areas such as manned spaceflight, lunar and Martian exploration, deep sea and deep earth probes, supercomputers, satellite navigation, quantum information, nuclear power technology, airliner manufacturing, artificial intelligence, and biomedicine. 

As spending on R&D increased from 2.1 percent to over 2.5 percent of GDP, the contribution of scientific and technological progress to economic growth exceeded 60 percent. The capacity of innovation to sustain development was enhanced continuously.

——經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)進一步優(yōu)化。高技術(shù)制造業(yè)、裝備制造業(yè)增加值年均分別增長10.6%、7.9%，數(shù)字經(jīng)濟不斷壯大，新產(chǎn)業(yè)新業(yè)態(tài)新模式增加值占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重達到17%以上。區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、區(qū)域重大戰(zhàn)略深入實施。常住人口城鎮(zhèn)化率從60.2%提高到65.2%，鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略全面實施。經(jīng)濟發(fā)展新動能加快成長。

- The economic structure was further improved. 

The value-added of high-tech manufacturing and of equipment manufacturing increased by an annual average of 10.6 percent and 7.9 percent respectively. China's digital economy continued to grow in strength. The value-added of new industries and new business forms and models accounted for over 17 percent of GDP. We fully implemented the coordinated regional development strategy and major regional development strategies. The share of permanent urban residents in the total population rose from 60.2 percent to 65.2 percent. The rural revitalization strategy was implemented across the board. New drivers of growth developed at a much faster pace.

——基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施更加完善。一批防汛抗旱、引水調(diào)水等重大水利工程開工建設(shè)。高速鐵路運營里程從2.5萬公里增加到4.2萬公里，高速公路里程從13.6萬公里增加到17.7萬公里。新建改建農(nóng)村公路125萬公里。新增機場容量4億人次。發(fā)電裝機容量增長40%以上。所有地級市實現(xiàn)千兆光網(wǎng)覆蓋，所有行政村實現(xiàn)通寬帶。

- Infrastructure was further upgraded. 

Work began on the construction of major water conservancy projects such as those against floods and droughts and those for water diversion. The length of in-service high-speed railways increased from 25,000 kilometers to 42,000 kilometers, and the expressway network expanded from 136,000 kilometers to 177,000 kilometers. In rural areas, 1.25 million kilometers of road were newly built or upgraded. The passenger handling capacity of airports increased by 400 million. Installed power capacity increased by more than 40 percent. Gigabit fiber optic internet services covered all prefecture-level cities, and broadband internet was installed in every administrative village in China.

——改革開放持續(xù)深化。全面深化改革開放推動構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局，供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革深入實施，簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)改革不斷深化，營商環(huán)境明顯改善。共建“一帶一路”扎實推進。推動區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定（RCEP）生效實施，建成全球最大自由貿(mào)易區(qū)。貨物進出口總額年均增長8.6%，突破40萬億元并連續(xù)多年居世界首位，吸引外資和對外投資居世界前列。

- Reform and opening up were deepened. 

We deepened reform and opening up across the board in an effort to create a new pattern of development. We further promoted supply-side structural reform and reforms to streamline government administration, delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services. Thanks to these endeavors, a notable improvement has been made in the business environment. 

Joint efforts to advance the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) made solid headway. China played its part for the entry into force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement, which has created the world's largest free trade zone. China's total volume of trade in goods exceeded 40 trillion yuan, registering an annual growth rate of 8.6 percent. It has thus been the top global trader for many years running. China is now both a major destination for foreign investment and a leading global outbound investor.

——生態(tài)環(huán)境明顯改善。單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降8.1%、二氧化碳排放下降14.1%。地級及以上城市細顆粒物（PM2.5）平均濃度下降27.5%，重污染天數(shù)下降超過五成，全國地表水優(yōu)良水體比例由67.9%上升到87.9%。設(shè)立首批5個國家公園，建立各級各類自然保護地9000多處。美麗中國建設(shè)邁出重大步伐。

- The quality of the eco-environment improved significantly. 

Energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by 8.1 percent, and carbon dioxide emissions fell by 14.1 percent. In cities at and above the prefecture level, the average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) dropped by 27.5 percent and the number of days with heavy air pollution fell by over 50 percent. The proportion of surface water bodies of good quality increased from 67.9 percent to 87.9 percent. 

China's first five national parks were established, and over 9,000 nature reserves spanning all categories and levels were established. We have made significant strides in building a Beautiful China.

——人民生活水平不斷提高。居民收入增長與經(jīng)濟增長基本同步，全國居民人均可支配收入年均增長5.1%。居民消費價格年均上漲2.1%。新增勞動力平均受教育年限從13.5年提高到14年?；攫B(yǎng)老保險參保人數(shù)增加1.4億、覆蓋10.5億人，基本醫(yī)保水平穩(wěn)步提高。多年累計改造棚戶區(qū)住房4200多萬套，上億人出棚進樓、實現(xiàn)安居。

- Living standards rose steadily. 

Personal income grew generally in step with economic growth, with national per capita disposable income increasing by 5.1 percent annually. The CPI rose at an annual rate of 2.1 percent. The average length of schooling for new entrants to the workforce rose from 13.5 years to 14 years. Basic old-age insurance now covers 1.05 billion people, an increase of 140 million over the past five years. Basic medical insurance saw steady improvement. Over the past decade, we have rebuilt more than 42 million housing units in run-down urban areas, and over 100 million people have moved into new apartments.

經(jīng)過多年精心籌辦，成功舉辦了簡約、安全、精彩的北京冬奧會、冬殘奧會，為促進群眾性冰雪運動、促進奧林匹克運動發(fā)展、促進世界人民團結(jié)友誼作出重要貢獻。

After many years of meticulous preparation, we successfully presented the world with streamlined, safe, and splendid 2022 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, which made a major contribution to boosting the popularity of winter sports in China and to promoting the Olympic movement as well as solidarity and friendship among the peoples of all countries.

新冠疫情發(fā)生三年多來，以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央始終堅持人民至上、生命至上，強化醫(yī)療資源和物資保障，全力救治新冠患者，有效保護人民群眾生命安全和身體健康，因時因勢優(yōu)化調(diào)整防控政策措施，全國人民堅忍不拔，取得重大決定性勝利。在極不平凡的抗疫歷程中，各地區(qū)各部門各單位做了大量工作，各行各業(yè)共克時艱，廣大醫(yī)務(wù)人員不畏艱辛，特別是億萬人民克服多重困難，付出和奉獻，都十分不易，大家共同抵御疫情重大挑戰(zhàn)，面對尚未結(jié)束的疫情，仍在不斷鞏固統(tǒng)籌疫情防控和經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展成果。

Since Covid-19 struck more than three years ago, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has placed the people and their lives above all else. 

It has boosted supplies of medical resources and materials, made every effort to ensure treatment for all patients, effectively safeguarded our people's health and safety, and improved and adjusted response policies and measures in light of changing conditions. The Chinese people have pulled through with fortitude and resilience and secured a major and decisive victory in the fight against Covid-19.

Throughout this truly remarkable endeavor, all localities, departments, and organizations have made tremendous efforts, people in various sectors have worked together to get through tough times, and all medical personnel have remained fearless in the face of adversity. Most notably, our people in their hundreds of millions have prevailed over many difficulties and challenges, made great sacrifices, and played their due part. It has not been an easy journey for anyone, but together we have overcome the huge challenge of Covid-19. As the pandemic is not yet over, we must keep working to consolidate our achievements in both Covid-19 response and economic and social development. 

各位代表！

Fellow Deputies,

五年來，我們深入貫徹以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央決策部署，主要做了以下工作。

Over the past five years, we have fully implemented the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. The highlights of our work are as follows:

（一）創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控，保持經(jīng)濟運行在合理區(qū)間。面對貿(mào)易保護主義抬頭、疫情沖擊等接踵而來的嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)，創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控方式，不過度依賴投資，統(tǒng)籌運用財政貨幣等政策，增強針對性有效性，直面市場變化，重點支持市場主體紓困發(fā)展，進而穩(wěn)就業(yè)保民生。把年度主要預(yù)期目標作為一個有機整體來把握，加強區(qū)間調(diào)控、定向調(diào)控、相機調(diào)控、精準調(diào)控，既果斷加大力度，又不搞“大水漫灌”、透支未來，持續(xù)做好“六穩(wěn)”、“六?！惫ぷ鳎瑥娀＞用窬蜆I(yè)、?；久裆⒈Ｊ袌鲋黧w、保糧食能源安全、保產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈穩(wěn)定、?；鶎舆\轉(zhuǎn)，以改革開放辦法推動經(jīng)濟爬坡過坎、持續(xù)前行。

1. We developed new ways of conducting macro regulation to keep the economy operating within an appropriate range. 

In response to a succession of grave challenges, including mounting protectionism and the Covid-19 pandemic, we adopted new ways of conducting macro regulation and avoided overreliance on investment as a means of achieving economic growth. We employed a wide range of policies including fiscal and monetary policies, made them more targeted and effective, and responded to market changes directly. We stayed focused on helping market entities overcome difficulties and grow and thus kept employment stable and ensured people's wellbeing. 

We adopted a holistic approach to achieving the projected development targets for each year and stepped up range-based, targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation. We took decisive measures to step up macro policy support while refraining from adopting a deluge of strong stimulus policies that would eat into our potential for future growth. 

We worked relentlessly to ensure stability on six fronts and security in six areas, with a particular emphasis on the latter. We pursued reform and opening up as a means to steer the economy through various trials and difficulties and sustain growth.

堅持實施積極的財政政策。合理把握赤字規(guī)模，五年總體赤字率控制在3%以內(nèi)，政府負債率控制在50%左右。不斷優(yōu)化支出結(jié)構(gòu)，教育科技、生態(tài)環(huán)保、基本民生等重點領(lǐng)域得到有力保障。實施大規(guī)模減稅降費政策，制度性安排與階段性措施相結(jié)合，疫情發(fā)生后減稅降費力度進一步加大，成為應(yīng)對沖擊的關(guān)鍵舉措。徹底完成營改增任務(wù)、取消營業(yè)稅，將增值稅收入占比最高、涉及行業(yè)廣泛的稅率從17%降至13%，階段性將小規(guī)模納稅人增值稅起征點從月銷售額3萬元提高到15萬元、小微企業(yè)所得稅實際最低稅負率從10%降至2.5%。減稅降費公平普惠、高效直達，五年累計減稅5.4萬億元、降費2.8萬億元，既幫助企業(yè)渡過難關(guān)、留得青山，也放水養(yǎng)魚、涵養(yǎng)稅源，年均新增涉稅企業(yè)和個體工商戶等超過1100萬戶，各年度中央財政收入預(yù)算都順利完成，考慮留抵退稅因素，全國財政收入十年接近翻一番。推動財力下沉，中央一般公共預(yù)算支出中對地方轉(zhuǎn)移支付占比提高到70%左右，建立并常態(tài)化實施中央財政資金直達機制。各級政府堅持過緊日子，嚴控一般性支出，中央部門帶頭壓減支出，盤活存量資金和閑置資產(chǎn)，騰出的資金千方百計惠企裕民，全國財政支出70%以上用于民生。

We pursued a proactive fiscal policy. 

The deficit was kept at a reasonable level. Over these five years, the deficit-to-GDP ratio and the government debt ratio were respectively kept within 3 percent and around 50 percent. We continued to improve the structure of government spending and ensured sufficient funding for key areas such as education, science and technology, environmental protection, and efforts to meet people's basic living needs. 

We implemented a policy of large-scale tax and fee cuts with both institutional arrangements and time-limited measures. Tax and fee reductions were intensified following the outbreak of Covid-19, and they became a pivotal part of our response to the epidemic. We completed the task of replacing business tax with value-added tax and abolished the former. The rate of VAT was lowered from 17 percent to 13 percent in many sectors where VAT accounts for the largest share of tax receipts. The VAT threshold was raised from 30,000 yuan to 150,000 yuan of monthly sales for small-scale taxpayers in a phased way, and the minimum corporate income tax rate was cut from 10 percent to 2.5 percent in real terms for micro and small businesses. 

Tax and fee cuts are equitable, inclusive, effective, and directly accessible for those in need. Over the past five years, tax cuts and fee reductions respectively totaled 5.4 trillion yuan and 2.8 trillion yuan. This policy not only helped enterprises overcome difficulties and stay afloat, but also nurtured business growth and cultivated sources of tax revenue. 

On average, over 11 million market entities including enterprises and self-employed individuals were newly registered with the tax authorities each year, and the central government met all of its annual targets for budgetary revenue. With VAT credit refunds taken into account, national fiscal revenue almost doubled over the past decade.

We channeled more financial resources toward lower levels of government, with the share of transfer payments to local governments rising to about 70 percent of central government expenditures. We introduced direct allocation of central budgetary funds to prefecture- and county-level governments and made it a regular practice. 

At every level, governments kept their belts tightened by strictly controlling general expenditures, and central government departments led the way in cutting back spending. We also put idle funds and assets to good use and tapped every means possible to see that these funds were used to benefit businesses and people. Over 70 percent of government expenditures went toward ensuring the people's wellbeing.

堅持實施穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。根據(jù)形勢變化靈活把握政策力度，保持流動性合理充裕，用好降準、再貸款等政策工具，加大對實體經(jīng)濟的有效支持，緩解中小微企業(yè)融資難融資貴等問題。制造業(yè)貸款余額從16.3萬億元增加到27.4萬億元。普惠小微貸款余額從8.2萬億元增加到23.8萬億元、年均增長24%，貸款平均利率較五年前下降1.5個百分點。加大清理拖欠中小企業(yè)賬款力度。人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上彈性增強、保持基本穩(wěn)定。完全化解了歷史上承擔(dān)的國有商業(yè)銀行和農(nóng)村信用社等14486億元金融改革成本。運用市場化法治化方式，精準處置一批大型企業(yè)集團風(fēng)險，平穩(wěn)化解高風(fēng)險中小金融機構(gòu)風(fēng)險，大型金融機構(gòu)健康發(fā)展，金融體系穩(wěn)健運行，守住了不發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險的底線。

We continued a prudent monetary policy. 

We made flexible policy adjustments in view of new developments and maintained reasonably sufficient liquidity. We made good use of policy instruments such as required reserve ratio reductions and re-lending to increase effective support for the real economy and alleviate the difficulties faced by MSMEs in accessing affordable financing. 

The balance of loans to the manufacturing sector increased from 16.3 trillion yuan to 27.4 trillion yuan. Inclusive loans to micro and small businesses increased at an annual rate of 24%, rising from 8.2 trillion yuan to 23.8 trillion yuan, with the average interest rate falling by 1.5 percentage points compared to five years ago. Efforts were intensified to settle overdue payments to small and medium enterprises (SMEs). 

The RMB exchange rate floated with greater flexibility at an adaptive, balanced level while remaining generally stable. We completely paid off the outstanding debt of 1.4486 trillion yuan that was incurred in the reform of financial institutions such as state-owned commercial banks and rural credit cooperatives decades ago. 

Using market- and law-based means, we took targeted steps to deal with the risks of several large enterprise groups and made steady headway in defusing risks in high-risk small and medium-sized financial institutions. 

Large financial institutions registered sound growth, financial systems operated in a robust and stable manner, and we ensured that no systemic risks arose. 

強化就業(yè)優(yōu)先政策導(dǎo)向。把穩(wěn)就業(yè)作為經(jīng)濟運行在合理區(qū)間的關(guān)鍵指標。著力促進市場化社會化就業(yè)，加大對企業(yè)穩(wěn)崗擴崗支持力度。將養(yǎng)老保險單位繳費比例從20%降至16%，同時充實全國社?；?，儲備規(guī)模從1.8萬億元增加到2.5萬億元以上。實施失業(yè)保險基金穩(wěn)崗返還、留工培訓(xùn)補助等政策。持續(xù)推進大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)萬眾創(chuàng)新，連續(xù)舉辦8屆全國雙創(chuàng)活動周、超過5.2億人次參與，鼓勵以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動就業(yè)，加強勞動者權(quán)益保護，新就業(yè)形態(tài)和靈活就業(yè)成為就業(yè)增收的重要渠道。做好高校畢業(yè)生、退役軍人、農(nóng)民工等群體就業(yè)工作。使用失業(yè)保險基金等資金支持技能培訓(xùn)。實施高職擴招和職業(yè)技能提升三年行動，累計擴招413萬人、培訓(xùn)8300多萬人次。就業(yè)是民生之基、財富之源。14億多人口大國保持就業(yè)穩(wěn)定，難能可貴，蘊含著巨大創(chuàng)造力。

We pursued an employment-first policy. 

Stable employment has remained a key indicator of the economy operating within the appropriate range. We worked hard to promote employment through market-based and socially-oriented avenues and stepped up efforts to support enterprises in stabilizing and expanding employment. 

The ratio of enterprise contributions to basic old-age insurance was lowered from 20 percent to 16 percent and the national social security fund was replenished to expand its scale from 1.8 trillion yuan to over 2.5 trillion yuan. 

We implemented policies on refunding unemployment insurance funds to keep employment stable and granting training subsidies for job retention to hard-hit businesses. To promote entrepreneurship and innovation nationwide, we have held National Entrepreneurship and Innovation Week for eight consecutive years, which racked up a cumulative participation of more than 520 million. We encouraged job creation through business startups and strengthened protection of workers' rights and interests. New and flexible employment forms became an important source of employment and income growth. 

We took solid measures to ensure employment for college graduates, ex-service personnel, and rural migrant workers. We used unemployment insurance funds and other funds to support skills training programs. We carried out a three-year action plan for expanding enrollment in vocational colleges and upgrading vocational skills. This drive saw vocational colleges enrolling an additional 4.13 million students and providing over 83 million training opportunities. Employment is the cornerstone of people's wellbeing and the wellspring of wealth. It is truly remarkable that China, a big country with over 1.4 billion people, has kept employment stable, and such stability is a source of tremendous creativity for our country. 

保持物價總體平穩(wěn)。在應(yīng)對沖擊中沒有持續(xù)大幅增加赤字規(guī)模，也沒有超發(fā)貨幣，為物價穩(wěn)定創(chuàng)造了宏觀條件。下大氣力抓農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，強化產(chǎn)銷銜接和儲備調(diào)節(jié)，確保糧食和生豬、蔬菜等穩(wěn)定供應(yīng)，及時解決煤炭電力供應(yīng)緊張問題，滿足民生和生產(chǎn)用能需求，保障交通物流暢通。加強市場監(jiān)管，維護正常價格秩序。十年來我國居民消費價格漲幅穩(wěn)定在2%左右的較低水平，成如容易卻艱辛，既維護了市場經(jīng)濟秩序、為宏觀政策實施提供了空間，又有利于更好保障基本民生。

Prices were kept generally stable. 

We refrained from repeatedly increasing the deficit by a large margin in response to shocks and printing an excessive amount of money. This created the macro conditions needed for stabilizing prices. We redoubled efforts to bolster agricultural production, ensured better linkage between production and sales and managed reserves more effectively, and ensured a stable supply of agricultural products, such as grain, hogs, and vegetables. 

We promptly addressed shortages of coal and electricity to meet residential and production energy needs. Smooth transportation and logistics were ensured. Market oversight was strengthened to maintain price stability. 

For the past decade, CPI increases in China have been kept at a comparatively low level of around 2 percent. The difficulty of such an achievement should not be underestimated. This has been conducive to maintaining the order of the market economy, to creating leeway for macro policy implementation, and most importantly, to better meeting the basic living needs of our people. 

（二）如期打贏脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)，鞏固拓展脫貧攻堅成果。全面建成小康社會最艱巨最繁重的任務(wù)在農(nóng)村特別是在貧困地區(qū)。堅持精準扶貧，聚焦“三區(qū)三州”等深度貧困地區(qū)，強化政策傾斜支持，優(yōu)先保障脫貧攻堅資金投入，對脫貧難度大的縣和村掛牌督戰(zhàn)。深入實施產(chǎn)業(yè)、就業(yè)、生態(tài)、教育、健康、社會保障等幫扶，加強易地搬遷后續(xù)扶持，重點解決“兩不愁三保障”問題，脫貧群眾不愁吃、不愁穿，義務(wù)教育、基本醫(yī)療、住房安全有保障，飲水安全也有了保障。貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)村居民收入明顯增加，生產(chǎn)生活條件顯著改善。

2. We secured victory in the critical battle against poverty within the set time frame and consolidated and built on our gains in poverty alleviation.

The hardest, most arduous tasks in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects were in rural areas and in impoverished regions in particular. We carried out a policy of targeted poverty alleviation, with a focus on deeply impoverished areas such as the three regions and the three prefectures.

We weighted policy support toward these areas, provided funding for poverty alleviation efforts on a priority basis, and placed counties and villages facing difficulty in poverty alleviation under special supervision to ensure that they met poverty alleviation targets. 

We provided assistance to develop local industries and boost employment, ecological conservation, education, healthcare, social security and other fields of endeavor, strengthened follow-up support for people relocated from inhospitable areas, and made major efforts to meet the basic food and clothing needs of poor people and see that they had access to compulsory education, basic medical services, and safe housing and drinking water. 

Rural residents in impoverished regions saw their incomes grow by a significant margin, and their working and living conditions noticeably improved. 

推動鞏固拓展脫貧攻堅成果同鄉(xiāng)村振興有效銜接。保持過渡期內(nèi)主要幫扶政策總體穩(wěn)定，嚴格落實“四個不摘”要求，建立健全防止返貧動態(tài)監(jiān)測和幫扶機制，有力應(yīng)對疫情、災(zāi)情等不利影響，確保不發(fā)生規(guī)模性返貧。確定并集中支持160個國家鄉(xiāng)村振興重點幫扶縣，加大對易地搬遷集中安置區(qū)等重點區(qū)域支持力度，堅持并完善東西部協(xié)作、對口支援、定點幫扶等機制，選派用好醫(yī)療、教育“組團式”幫扶干部人才和科技特派員，推動脫貧地區(qū)加快發(fā)展和群眾穩(wěn)定增收。

We worked both to consolidate and build on our achievements in poverty alleviation and to promote the revitalization of rural areas. Major poverty relief policies remained largely unchanged during the transition period following the elimination of absolute poverty. We made sure that though poverty had been eliminated, all of the related responsibilities, policies, support, and oversight remained in place. 

We established effective monitoring and assistance mechanisms to prevent people lifted out of poverty from relapsing into poverty and took robust action in response to natural disasters and Covid-19 to forestall any large-scale relapse into poverty. 

A total of 160 key counties were designated to receive assistance for rural revitalization and dedicated support was provided to them. We stepped up support for areas where residents relocated from inhospitable areas were resettled together in communities as well as for other key areas, and continued to implement and improve mechanisms for east-west cooperation, paired assistance, and targeted support. 

We also sent teams of medical and educational personnel as well as technicians to provide assistance to previously impoverished areas. All of these efforts enabled areas that were lifted out of poverty to accelerate development and keep raising the incomes of local residents.

（三）聚焦重點領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)深化改革，更大激發(fā)市場活力和社會創(chuàng)造力。堅持社會主義市場經(jīng)濟改革方向，處理好政府和市場的關(guān)系，使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用，更好發(fā)揮政府作用，推動有效市場和有為政府更好結(jié)合。

3. We deepened reform of key areas and crucial links to energize the market and stimulate social creativity.

We continued reforms to develop the socialist market economy and struck a proper balance between the government and the market. This enabled the market to play a decisive role in resource allocation and the government to better play its role, thus promoting both an efficient market and an effective government.

持續(xù)推進政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變。完成國務(wù)院及地方政府機構(gòu)改革。加快建設(shè)全國統(tǒng)一大市場，建設(shè)高標準市場體系，營造市場化法治化國際化營商環(huán)境。大道至簡，政簡易行。持之以恒推進觸動政府自身利益的改革。進一步簡政放權(quán)，放寬市場準入，全面實施市場準入負面清單制度，清單管理措施比制度建立之初壓減64%，將行政許可事項全部納入清單管理。多年來取消和下放行政許可事項1000多項，中央政府層面核準投資項目壓減90%以上，工業(yè)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)許可證從60類減少到10類，工程建設(shè)項目全流程審批時間壓縮到不超過120個工作日。改革商事制度，推行“證照分離”改革，企業(yè)開辦時間從一個月以上壓縮到目前的平均4個工作日以內(nèi)，實行中小微企業(yè)簡易注銷制度。堅持放管結(jié)合，加強事中事后監(jiān)管，嚴格落實監(jiān)管責(zé)任，防止監(jiān)管缺位、重放輕管，強化食品藥品等重點領(lǐng)域質(zhì)量和安全監(jiān)管，推行“雙隨機、一公開”等方式加強公正監(jiān)管，規(guī)范行使行政裁量權(quán)。加強反壟斷和反不正當競爭，全面落實公平競爭審查制度，改革反壟斷執(zhí)法體制。依法規(guī)范和引導(dǎo)資本健康發(fā)展，依法堅決管控資本無序擴張。不斷優(yōu)化服務(wù)，推進政務(wù)服務(wù)集成辦理，壓減各類證明事項，加快數(shù)字政府建設(shè)，90%以上的政務(wù)服務(wù)實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)上可辦，戶籍證明、社保轉(zhuǎn)接等200多項群眾經(jīng)常辦理事項實現(xiàn)跨省通辦。取消所有省界高速公路收費站。制定實施優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境、市場主體登記管理、促進個體工商戶發(fā)展、保障中小企業(yè)款項支付等條例。改革給人們經(jīng)商辦企業(yè)更多便利和空間，去年底企業(yè)數(shù)量超過5200萬戶、個體工商戶超過1.1億戶，市場主體總量超過1.6億戶、是十年前的3倍，發(fā)展內(nèi)生動力明顯增強。

Our drive to transform government functions continued. 

We completed institutional reform of both the State Council and local governments. We accelerated efforts to build a unified national market, developed a high-standard market system, and worked to create a market-oriented and law-based business environment in keeping with international standards.

Great truths are always simple, and simple government administration is always most effective. We made consistent efforts to promote reforms despite the fact that they affected the interests of government itself. 

We kept working to streamline government administration and delegate power. We broadened market access with full implementation of the negative list system. Since the introduction of this system, the negative list has been shortened by 64 percent, and the practice of list-based management has been applied to all items requiring government approval. 

Over the years, we have cancelled or delegated to lower-level authorities the power of administrative approval for over 1,000 items and slashed the number of investment items subject to central government approval by over 90 percent. The number of industrial production permit categories has been reduced from 60 to 10, and the approval time for construction projects has been cut to no more than 120 working days.

We carried out institutional reforms in the business sector and introduced the reform to separate out the business license from certificates required for starting a business. Today, the average time it takes to register a business is less than four working days, down from more than a month; and a simplified deregistration system is in place for MSMEs. 

While delegating power, we also improved regulation. We strengthened ongoing and ex post oversight. We saw to it that regulatory responsibilities were strictly fulfilled, that no regulatory vacuums were left, and that no power was delegated at the expense of regulation. We beefed up quality and safety supervision for food, drugs, and other key items, ensured impartial regulation by adopting practices such as the random selection of inspectors and inspection targets and the prompt release of results, and set standards for the exercise of discretionary administrative powers. 

We took stronger action against monopolies and unfair competition, fully implemented the system of fair competition review, and reformed the system for enforcing anti-monopoly laws. 

We conducted regulation and provided guidance in accordance with the law to promote the sound development of capital and took resolute, law-based moves to prevent the blind expansion of capital. 

We continued to upgrade government services and worked to provide more one-stop services. Certification requirements were reduced, and the development of a digital government was accelerated. Now, more than 90 percent of government services can be accessed online; over 200 high-demand services, including household certification and the transfer of social security accounts, can be handled on an inter-provincial basis. All expressway toll booths on provincial borders have been removed. 

We formulated and implemented regulations on improving the business environment, on market entity registration and administration, on promoting development of individually owned businesses, and on ensuring payments to SMEs. 

These reforms have provided people seeking to go into business with greater convenience and scope. By the end of last year, there were over 52 million enterprises and more than 110 million self-employed individuals in China, and the total number of market entities had surpassed the 160-million mark, three times the figure a decade ago. As a result, the internal momentum for development has increased remarkably.

促進多種所有制經(jīng)濟共同發(fā)展。堅持和完善社會主義基本經(jīng)濟制度，堅持“兩個毫不動搖”。完成國企改革三年行動任務(wù)，健全現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度，推動國企聚焦主責(zé)主業(yè)優(yōu)化重組、提質(zhì)增效。促進民營企業(yè)健康發(fā)展，破除各種隱性壁壘，一視同仁給予政策支持，提振民間投資信心。完善產(chǎn)權(quán)保護制度，保護企業(yè)家合法權(quán)益，弘揚企業(yè)家精神。

We promoted the common development of enterprises under all forms of ownership. 

We upheld and improved China's fundamental socialist economic systems and worked unswervingly both to consolidate and develop the public sector and to encourage, support, and guide development of the non-public sector. 

The tasks set out in the three-year action plan for SOE reform were completed and the modern corporate structure was improved, thus enabling SOEs to upgrade and restructure their operations so as to focus on their primary responsibilities and core business and enhance quality and performance. 

We promoted the sound development of private businesses by removing hidden barriers of various forms and ensuring all enterprises received policy support on an equal basis. This has boosted the confidence of private investors. We improved the system of property rights protection to safeguard entrepreneurs' lawful rights and interests and promote the entrepreneurial spirit.

推進財稅金融體制改革。深化預(yù)算管理體制改革，加大預(yù)算公開力度，推進中央與地方財政事權(quán)和支出責(zé)任劃分改革，完善地方政府債務(wù)管理體系，構(gòu)建綜合與分類相結(jié)合的個人所得稅制，進一步深化稅收征管改革。推動金融監(jiān)管體制改革，統(tǒng)籌推進中小銀行補充資本和改革化險，推進股票發(fā)行注冊制改革，完善資本市場基礎(chǔ)制度，加強金融穩(wěn)定法治建設(shè)。

We continued to reform the fiscal, taxation, and financial systems. 

We deepened reform of the budget management system and boosted budget transparency. We advanced reforms to divide fiscal powers and spending responsibilities between central and local governments and improved the system for managing local government debt. We established an individual income tax system based on both adjusted gross income and specific income types and continued to deepen reform of the tax collection and administration system. 

We promoted reform of the financial regulatory system and encouraged small and medium banks to replenish their capital and defuse risks through reform. We advanced reforms to implement a registration-based IPO system, refined the underlying systems of the capital market, and strengthened legislation for financial stability.

（四）深入實施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，推動產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級。深化供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，完善國家和地方創(chuàng)新體系，推進科技自立自強，緊緊依靠創(chuàng)新提升實體經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平，不斷培育壯大發(fā)展新動能，有效應(yīng)對外部打壓遏制。

4. We fully implemented the innovation-driven development strategy and improved and upgraded the industrial structure.

We deepened supply-side structural reform, improved national and local innovation systems, and boosted self-reliance and strength in science and technology. We promoted development of the real economy through innovation, continued to foster new drivers of growth, and effectively countered external attempts to suppress and contain China's development.

增強科技創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)作用。強化國家戰(zhàn)略科技力量，實施一批科技創(chuàng)新重大項目，加強關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)。發(fā)揮好高校、科研院所作用，支持新型研發(fā)機構(gòu)發(fā)展。推進國際和區(qū)域科技創(chuàng)新中心建設(shè)，布局建設(shè)綜合性國家科學(xué)中心。支持基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究，全國基礎(chǔ)研究經(jīng)費五年增長1倍。改革科研項目和經(jīng)費管理制度，賦予科研單位和科研人員更大自主權(quán)，努力將廣大科技人員從繁雜的行政事務(wù)中解脫出來。加強知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護，激發(fā)創(chuàng)新動力。促進國際科技交流合作。通過市場化機制激勵企業(yè)創(chuàng)新，不斷提高企業(yè)研發(fā)費用加計扣除比例，將制造業(yè)企業(yè)、科技型中小企業(yè)分別從50%、75%提高至100%，并階段性擴大到所有適用行業(yè)，對企業(yè)投入基礎(chǔ)研究、購置設(shè)備給予政策支持，各類支持創(chuàng)新的稅收優(yōu)惠政策年度規(guī)模已超過萬億元。創(chuàng)設(shè)支持創(chuàng)新的金融政策工具，引導(dǎo)創(chuàng)業(yè)投資等發(fā)展。企業(yè)研發(fā)投入保持兩位數(shù)增長，一大批創(chuàng)新企業(yè)脫穎而出。

The leading role of technological innovation was reinforced. 

To increase China's strength in strategic science and technology, we launched a number of major sci-tech innovation projects and stepped up efforts to secure breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields. 

We gave full play to the role of higher education institutions and research institutes and supported the development of new types of R&D institutions. Further strides were made in building international and regional centers for scientific and technological innovation and comprehensive national science centers. We provided support for basic research and applied basic research, with our country's spending on basic research doubling over the past five years. 

The systems for research projects and funding management were reformed to grant greater autonomy to research institutions and researchers and relieve researchers of numerous administrative chores. 

Intellectual property rights protection was bolstered to encourage innovation. International science and technology exchanges and cooperation were promoted. 

We leveraged market-based mechanisms to encourage enterprise innovations. The additional tax deduction for R&D expenses was progressively increased, particularly for manufacturing enterprises and small and medium sci-tech enterprises, with coverage rising from 50 percent and 75 percent, respectively, to 100 percent for both. This policy was extended to cover all eligible sectors on a temporary basis. All this provided policy support to enterprises for carrying out basic research and purchasing equipment. In total, annual innovation tax breaks and incentives exceeded one trillion yuan. 

We also developed financial policy instruments to facilitate innovation and guided the development of venture capital. Thanks to these efforts, R&D spending by enterprises has maintained double-digit growth, and a large number of innovative enterprises have emerged.

推動產(chǎn)業(yè)向中高端邁進。把制造業(yè)作為發(fā)展實體經(jīng)濟的重點，促進工業(yè)經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)運行，保持制造業(yè)比重基本穩(wěn)定。嚴格執(zhí)行環(huán)保、質(zhì)量、安全等法規(guī)標準，淘汰落后產(chǎn)能。開展重點產(chǎn)業(yè)強鏈補鏈行動。啟動一批產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)再造工程。鼓勵企業(yè)加快設(shè)備更新和技術(shù)改造，將固定資產(chǎn)加速折舊優(yōu)惠政策擴大至全部制造業(yè)。推動高端裝備、生物醫(yī)藥、光電子信息、新能源汽車、光伏、風(fēng)電等新興產(chǎn)業(yè)加快發(fā)展。促進數(shù)字經(jīng)濟和實體經(jīng)濟深度融合。持續(xù)推進網(wǎng)絡(luò)提速降費，發(fā)展“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”。移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶數(shù)增加到14.5億戶。支持工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展，有力促進了制造業(yè)數(shù)字化智能化。專精特新中小企業(yè)達7萬多家。促進平臺經(jīng)濟健康持續(xù)發(fā)展，發(fā)揮其帶動就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)、拓展消費市場、創(chuàng)新生產(chǎn)模式等作用。發(fā)展研發(fā)設(shè)計、現(xiàn)代物流、檢驗檢測認證等生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)。加強全面質(zhì)量管理和質(zhì)量基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。中國制造的品質(zhì)和競爭力不斷提升。

Industries were encouraged to develop toward the medium- and high-end. Priority was given to manufacturing in the development of the real economy, and the stable performance of the industrial sector was ensured. The share of manufacturing in the economy was kept largely stable. 

Laws, regulations, and standards on environmental protection, quality, and safety were strictly implemented, and outdated production facilities were shut down. We worked to shore up weak links in the industrial and supply chains of key industries. A number of industrial foundation reengineering projects were launched. 

To accelerate the pace of equipment upgrading and technological transformation of enterprises, the preferential policy on accelerated depreciation of fixed assets was extended to cover the entire manufacturing sector. 

We sped up the development of emerging industries like high-end equipment, biomedicine, optoelectronic information, new-energy vehicles, photovoltaic power, and wind power. The digital economy was further integrated with the real economy. Continued efforts were made to provide faster broadband speeds and lower internet rates, and Internet Plus initiatives were boosted. The number of mobile internet subscriptions increased to 1.45 billion. We supported the development of the Industrial Internet and vigorously promoted digital and smart manufacturing. The number of innovative SMEs that use special and sophisticated technologies to produce novel and unique products exceeded 70,000.

We promoted the sound and sustainable development of the platform economy and fully leveraged its role in boosting employment and business startups, expanding the consumer market, and creating new production modes.

Producer services such as R&D and design, modern logistics, and inspection, testing, and certification registered further growth. Across-the-board quality management and national quality infrastructure were improved. Chinese products are now of a higher quality and more competitive. 

（五）擴大國內(nèi)有效需求，推進區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展和新型城鎮(zhèn)化。圍繞構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局，立足超大規(guī)模市場優(yōu)勢，堅持實施擴大內(nèi)需戰(zhàn)略，培育更多經(jīng)濟增長動力源。

5. We expanded effective domestic demand and promoted coordinated regional development and new urbanization.

To create a new pattern of development, we fully leveraged China's super-sized market and carried out the strategy of expanding domestic demand to foster more growth engines.

著力擴大消費和有效投資。疫情發(fā)生前，消費已經(jīng)成為我國經(jīng)濟增長的主要拉動力。面對需求不足甚至出現(xiàn)收縮，推動消費盡快恢復(fù)。多渠道促進居民增收，提高中低收入群體收入。支持汽車、家電等大宗消費，汽車保有量突破3億輛、增長46.7%。推動線上線下消費深度融合，實物商品網(wǎng)上零售額占社會消費品零售總額的比重從15.8%提高到27.2%。發(fā)展城市社區(qū)便民商業(yè)，完善農(nóng)村快遞物流配送體系。幫扶旅游業(yè)發(fā)展。圍繞補短板、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、增后勁擴大有效投資。創(chuàng)新投融資體制機制，預(yù)算內(nèi)投資引導(dǎo)和撬動社會投資成倍增加，增加地方政府專項債券額度，重點支持交通、水利、能源、信息等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和民生工程建設(shè)，鼓勵社會資本參與建設(shè)運營，調(diào)動民間投資積極性。

We strived to expand consumption and effective investment. 

Before the outbreak of Covid-19, consumption had become the primary driver of China's economic growth. In the face of insufficient and even shrinking demand, we acted to secure a swift recovery in consumption. 

We promoted personal income growth through various avenues and saw the earnings of middle- and low-income groups rise. Spending on automobiles, home appliances, and other big-ticket items was supported. The number of cars in use in China topped 300 million, an increase of 46.7 percent compared to five years ago. 

We vigorously promoted both online and offline consumption, raising the share of online sales for physical goods from 15.8 percent to 27.2 percent of total retail sales of consumer goods. Businesses serving residents' daily needs flourished in urban communities, and the express delivery system in rural areas was improved. We also provided support for the tourism sector.

We expanded effective investment to shore up weak links, promote structural adjustments, and sustain growth momentum. Innovations were made in investment and financing systems and mechanisms, and nongovernmental investment increased several times over under the guidance and drive of central government budgetary investment. We increased the scale of local government special-purpose bonds, with a high priority given to the development of sectors such as transportation, water conservancy, energy, information, and other infrastructure as well as projects for the people's wellbeing. We also encouraged nongovernmental capital to participate in the construction and operation of such projects, and this stimulated investment from nongovernmental sources.

增強區(qū)域發(fā)展平衡性協(xié)調(diào)性。統(tǒng)籌推進西部大開發(fā)、東北全面振興、中部地區(qū)崛起、東部率先發(fā)展，中西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟增速總體高于東部地區(qū)。加大對革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)的支持力度，中央財政對相關(guān)地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移支付資金比五年前增長66.8%。推進京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展、長江經(jīng)濟帶發(fā)展、長三角一體化發(fā)展，推動黃河流域生態(tài)保護和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。高標準高質(zhì)量建設(shè)雄安新區(qū)。發(fā)展海洋經(jīng)濟。支持經(jīng)濟困難地區(qū)發(fā)展，促進資源型地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展，鼓勵有條件地區(qū)更大發(fā)揮帶動作用，推動形成更多新的增長極增長帶。

We achieved more balanced and coordinated regional development. We took coordinated steps to promote large-scale development of the western region, the full revitalization of northeast China, the rise of the central region, and trailblazing development in the eastern region. Overall, the central and western regions outpaced the eastern region in terms of economic growth rate.

We stepped up support for old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, and border areas, with central government transfer payments to these areas rising by 66.8 percent over these five years.

We promoted coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, and ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. The building of Xiong'an New Area was advanced according to high standards and quality requirements. 

Development of the marine economy was promoted. We supported regions facing economic difficulty in pursuing development, promoted the economic transformation of resource-depleted areas, encouraged regions with favorable conditions to lead the way in development, and fostered more growth poles and growth belts.

持續(xù)推進以人為核心的新型城鎮(zhèn)化。我國仍處于城鎮(zhèn)化進程中，每年有上千萬農(nóng)村人口轉(zhuǎn)移到城鎮(zhèn)。完善城市特別是縣城功能，增強綜合承載能力。分類放寬或取消城鎮(zhèn)落戶限制，十年1.4億農(nóng)村人口在城鎮(zhèn)落戶。有序發(fā)展城市群和都市圈，促進大中小城市協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。推動成渝地區(qū)雙城經(jīng)濟圈建設(shè)。堅持房子是用來住的、不是用來炒的定位，建立實施房地產(chǎn)長效機制，擴大保障性住房供給，推進長租房市場建設(shè)，穩(wěn)地價、穩(wěn)房價、穩(wěn)預(yù)期，因城施策促進房地產(chǎn)市場健康發(fā)展。加強城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，軌道交通運營里程從4500多公里增加到近1萬公里，排水管道從63萬公里增加到89萬公里。改造城鎮(zhèn)老舊小區(qū)16.7萬個，惠及2900多萬家庭。

We continued to advance people-centered new urbanization. China is still in the process of urbanization, with ten million plus rural people moving to urban areas each year. We improved the functions of cities and particularly county seats to increase their overall carrying capacity. 

Restrictions on permanent urban residency were eased or removed on a category-by-category basis, and 140 million rural residents were granted permanent urban residency over the past decade. We promoted well-ordered development of city clusters and metropolitan areas and coordinated development of cities of different sizes. Development of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone was promoted. 

Adhering to the principle that housing is for living in and not for speculation, we established long-term mechanisms in the real estate market, expanded the supply of government-subsidized housing, and developed the long-term rental market. We kept land costs, house prices, and market expectations stable and adopted city-specific measures to facilitate sound development of the real estate sector.

Urban infrastructure was improved. The length of in-service urban rail transit lines increased from just over 4,500 kilometers to close to 10,000 kilometers and the length of urban drainage pipelines rose from 630,000 kilometers to 890,000 kilometers. A total of 167,000 old urban residential compounds were renovated, benefiting more than 29 million households.

（六）保障國家糧食安全，大力實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略。完善強農(nóng)惠農(nóng)政策，持續(xù)抓緊抓好農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，加快推進農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化。

6. We ensured China's food security and vigorously implemented the rural revitalization strategy.

We improved policies to boost agriculture and benefit farmers, continuously gave priority to agricultural production, and moved faster to modernize the agricultural sector and rural areas.

提升農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力。穩(wěn)定和擴大糧食播種面積，擴種大豆油料，優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)布局，提高單產(chǎn)和品質(zhì)。完善糧食生產(chǎn)支持政策，穩(wěn)定種糧農(nóng)民補貼，合理確定稻谷、小麥最低收購價，加大對產(chǎn)糧大縣獎勵力度，健全政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險制度。加強耕地保護，實施黑土地保護工程，完善水利設(shè)施，新建高標準農(nóng)田4.56億畝。推進國家糧食安全產(chǎn)業(yè)帶建設(shè)。加快種業(yè)、農(nóng)機等科技創(chuàng)新和推廣應(yīng)用，農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機械化率從67%提高到73%。全面落實糧食安全黨政同責(zé)，強化糧食和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品穩(wěn)產(chǎn)保供，始終不懈地把14億多中國人的飯碗牢牢端在自己手中。

We worked to enhance overall agricultural production capacity. We stabilized and increased grain acreage, expanded the production of soybeans and other oil-yielding crops, improved the composition and geographic distribution of agricultural production, and increased per unit crop yield and the quality of grains. 

We refined policies to support grain production, kept subsidies for grain growers stable, and set minimum purchase prices for rice and wheat at reasonable levels. Rewards for major grain-producing counties were increased and the policy-based agricultural insurance system was improved.

We strengthened the protection of cropland, launched an initiative to protect chernozem soils, improved water conservancy infrastructure, and increased the area of high-standard cropland by 30.4 million hectares. 

We developed agricultural belts for ensuring national food security. We accelerated the pace of innovation in seed technology and agricultural machinery and application of new research advances. The rate of mechanization in crops plowing, planting, and harvesting increased from 67 percent to 73 percent. 

We ensured that both Party committees and governments assumed responsibility for ensuring food security and ensured stable production and supply of grain and other major agricultural products. With these efforts, we have fully secured the food supply of more than 1.4 billion people.

扎實推進農(nóng)村改革發(fā)展。鞏固和完善農(nóng)村基本經(jīng)營制度，完成承包地確權(quán)登記頒證和農(nóng)村集體產(chǎn)權(quán)制度改革階段性任務(wù)，穩(wěn)步推進多種形式適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營，抓好家庭農(nóng)場和農(nóng)民合作社發(fā)展，加快發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)社會化服務(wù)。啟動鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)行動，持續(xù)整治提升農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境，加強水電路氣信郵等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，實現(xiàn)符合條件的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)和建制村通硬化路、通客車，農(nóng)村自來水普及率從80%提高到87%，多年累計改造農(nóng)村危房2400多萬戶。深化供銷合作社、集體林權(quán)、農(nóng)墾等改革。立足特色資源發(fā)展鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)，促進農(nóng)民就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)增收。為保障農(nóng)民工及時拿到應(yīng)得報酬，持續(xù)強化農(nóng)民工工資拖欠治理，出臺實施保障農(nóng)民工工資支付條例，嚴厲打擊惡意拖欠行為。

Steady progress was made in rural reform and development. We consolidated and improved the basic rural operation system and completed the work to determine, register, and certify contracted rural land rights and the reform of the rural collective property rights system for the current stage. We steadily promoted appropriately scaled agribusiness operations of various types, ensured solid development of family farms and farmers' cooperatives, and accelerated the development of commercial services for agriculture.

We launched rural development initiatives and continued to improve the rural living environment. We strengthened rural infrastructure such as water, electricity and gas supplies, roads, and mail and communications services. All towns, townships, and villages where conditions permit are now connected by paved roads and linked to bus networks. Tap water coverage in rural areas increased from 80 percent to 87 percent, and the dilapidated houses of more than 24 million rural households were rebuilt over the years.

We deepened the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives, collective forest tenure, and state farms. We leveraged local resources to develop rural industries and helped rural residents secure employment, start businesses, and increase their incomes. 

To ensure that rural migrant workers were paid on time, we worked continuously to solve the problem of wage arrears owed to them, adopted regulations on ensuring their wage payment, and cracked down hard on cases of deliberately withholding wages.

（七）堅定擴大對外開放，深化互利共贏的國際經(jīng)貿(mào)合作。面對外部環(huán)境變化，實行更加積極主動的開放戰(zhàn)略，以高水平開放更有力促改革促發(fā)展。

7. We remained committed to opening up wider to the world and expanded international economic and trade cooperation to deliver mutually beneficial outcomes.

In response to changes in the external environment, we pursued a more proactive strategy of opening up and worked to boost reform and development with high-standard opening.

推動進出口穩(wěn)中提質(zhì)。加大出口退稅、信保、信貸等政策支持力度，企業(yè)出口退稅辦理時間壓縮至6個工作日以內(nèi)。優(yōu)化外匯服務(wù)。發(fā)展外貿(mào)新業(yè)態(tài)，新設(shè)152個跨境電商綜試區(qū)，支持建設(shè)一批海外倉。發(fā)揮進博會、廣交會、服貿(mào)會、消博會等重大展會作用。推進通關(guān)便利化，進口、出口通關(guān)時間分別壓減67%和92%，進出口環(huán)節(jié)合規(guī)成本明顯下降。關(guān)稅總水平從9.8%降至7.4%。全面深化服務(wù)貿(mào)易創(chuàng)新發(fā)展試點，推出跨境服務(wù)貿(mào)易負面清單。進出口穩(wěn)定增長有力支撐了經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。

Imports and exports were kept stable, and their quality was improved. We intensified policy support in terms of export tax rebates, credit insurance, and credit loans and cut the time for processing export tax rebates to less than six working days. Foreign exchange services were improved. 

We developed new forms of foreign trade, built 152 new integrated pilot zones for cross-border e-commerce, and supported the establishment of overseas warehouses. Major trade events such as the China International Import Expo, the China Import and Export Fair, the China International Fair for Trade in Services, and the China International Consumer Products Expo delivered positive results. 

We simplified customs clearance procedures and reduced the clearance time for imports and exports by 67 percent and 92 percent, respectively, bringing about a significant reduction in related compliance costs. The overall tariff level fell from 9.8 percent to 7.4 percent over the five years. 

We advanced trials for innovative development of trade in services across the board and adopted the negative list for cross-border trade in services. With steady growth, imports and exports have bolstered China's economic development.

積極有效利用外資。出臺外商投資法實施條例，不斷優(yōu)化外商投資環(huán)境。持續(xù)放寬外資市場準入，全國和自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)負面清單條數(shù)分別壓減51%、72%，制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域基本全面放開，金融等服務(wù)業(yè)開放水平不斷提升。已設(shè)21個自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)，海南自由貿(mào)易港建設(shè)穩(wěn)步推進。各地創(chuàng)新方式加強外資促進服務(wù)，加大招商引資和項目對接力度。一批外資大項目落地，我國持續(xù)成為外商投資興業(yè)的熱土。

We took proactive and effective moves to utilize foreign investment. The regulations for implementing the Foreign Investment Law were issued, further improving the business environment for foreign investors. Market access for foreign investment was also steadily expanded. Items on the negative lists for foreign investment respectively covering the whole country and pilot free trade zones were reduced by 51 percent and 72 percent. The entire manufacturing sector was generally opened up, and opening in finance and other service sectors was continuously enhanced. 

A total of 21 pilot free trade zones have been established in China, and steady strides have been made in the development of Hainan Free Trade Port. Across all localities, new approaches were developed to strengthen services for promoting foreign investment, and greater efforts were made to attract foreign investment and facilitate project implementation. With a large number of major foreign investment projects launched in our country over the past five years, China has remained a favored destination for overseas investment.

推動高質(zhì)量共建“一帶一路”。堅持共商共建共享，遵循市場原則和國際通行規(guī)則，實施一批互聯(lián)互通和產(chǎn)能合作項目，對沿線國家貨物進出口額年均增長13.4%，各領(lǐng)域交流合作不斷深化。推進西部陸海新通道建設(shè)。引導(dǎo)對外投資健康有序發(fā)展，加強境外風(fēng)險防控。新簽和升級6個自貿(mào)協(xié)定，與自貿(mào)伙伴貨物進出口額占比從26%提升至35%左右。堅定維護多邊貿(mào)易體制，反對貿(mào)易保護主義，穩(wěn)妥應(yīng)對經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦，促進貿(mào)易和投資自由化便利化。

We promoted high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. We remained committed to achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration, observed market principles and international rules, and carried out a number of projects to boost connectivity and industrial capacity cooperation. Imports and exports between China and other BRI countries increased at an annual rate of 13.4 percent, and exchanges and cooperation between China and these countries registered steady progress in a wide range of areas. The construction of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor was advanced in the western region. 

We provided guidance which ensured sound and orderly development of outbound investment, and we strengthened overseas risk prevention and control. Six free trade agreements were newly concluded or upgraded; and the share of trade with our free trade partners increased from 26 percent to around 35 percent of China's total trade volume. 

We remained firm in upholding the multilateral trading regime and opposed trade protectionism. We properly handled economic and trade frictions and promoted trade and investment liberalization and facilitation.

（八）加強生態(tài)環(huán)境保護，促進綠色低碳發(fā)展。堅持綠水青山就是金山銀山的理念，健全生態(tài)文明制度體系，處理好發(fā)展和保護的關(guān)系，不斷提升可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力。

8. We strengthened environmental protection and pursued green and low-carbon development.

Staying true to the idea that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, we improved systems of ecological conservation, struck a balance between development and conservation, and steadily built up our capacity for promoting sustainable development.

加強污染治理和生態(tài)建設(shè)。堅持精準治污、科學(xué)治污、依法治污，深入推進污染防治攻堅。注重多污染物協(xié)同治理和區(qū)域聯(lián)防聯(lián)控，地級及以上城市空氣質(zhì)量優(yōu)良天數(shù)比例達86.5%、上升4個百分點?；鞠丶壖耙陨铣鞘泻诔羲w，推進重要河湖、近岸海域污染防治。加大土壤污染風(fēng)險防控和修復(fù)力度，強化固體廢物和新污染物治理。全面劃定耕地和永久基本農(nóng)田保護紅線、生態(tài)保護紅線和城鎮(zhèn)開發(fā)邊界。堅持山水林田湖草沙一體化保護和系統(tǒng)治理，實施一批重大生態(tài)工程，全面推行河湖長制、林長制。推動共抓長江大保護，深入實施長江流域重點水域十年禁漁。加強生物多樣性保護。完善生態(tài)保護補償制度。森林覆蓋率達到24%，草原綜合植被蓋度和濕地保護率均達50%以上，水土流失、荒漠化、沙化土地面積分別凈減少10.6萬、3.8萬、3.3萬平方公里。人民群眾越來越多享受到藍天白云、綠水青山。

We strengthened pollution control and ecological conservation. Applying targeted, law-based, and science-driven approaches, we worked harder to prevent and control pollution. We made major efforts to control multiple pollutants in a coordinated way and across all regions. In cities at and above the prefectural level, air quality was good or excellent on 86.5% of the days over the past five years, a 4-percentage-point increase. 

Black malodorous water bodies in cities at and above the prefectural level were generally cleaned up. We intensified pollution prevention and control for major rivers, lakes, and offshore areas. We also strengthened efforts to prevent and control soil pollution risks and restore polluted soil, and stepped up the treatment of solid waste and new pollutants. 

We completed the tasks of drawing redlines to protect ecosystems, farmland, and permanent basic cropland and of delineating urban development boundaries. We promoted the conservation and improvement of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts in a holistic and systematic way. We launched major ecological projects and instituted systems of river, lake, and forest chiefs nationwide. A well-coordinated approach was adopted for protecting the Yangtze River, and the 10-year ban on fishing in key water bodies of the Yangtze River basin was fully enforced. Biodiversity protection was bolstered, and the system of compensation for ecological conservation was improved.

Forest coverage has risen to 24 percent, fractional vegetation coverage on grasslands has surpassed 50 percent, and over 50 percent of all wetlands are now under protection. The area of land affected by soil erosion, desertification, and sandification was reduced by 106,000 square kilometers, 38,000 square kilometers, and 33,000 square kilometers, respectively. More and more, our people now enjoy blue skies, clear waters, and lush mountains.

穩(wěn)步推進節(jié)能降碳。統(tǒng)籌能源安全穩(wěn)定供應(yīng)和綠色低碳發(fā)展，科學(xué)有序推進碳達峰碳中和。優(yōu)化能源結(jié)構(gòu)，實現(xiàn)超低排放的煤電機組超過10.5億千瓦，可再生能源裝機規(guī)模由6.5億千瓦增至12億千瓦以上，清潔能源消費占比由20.8%上升到25%以上。全面加強資源節(jié)約工作，發(fā)展綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)和循環(huán)經(jīng)濟，促進節(jié)能環(huán)保技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品研發(fā)應(yīng)用。提升生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳匯能力。加強綠色發(fā)展金融支持。完善能耗考核方式。積極參與應(yīng)對氣候變化國際合作，為推動全球氣候治理作出了中國貢獻。

We made steady progress in energy conservation and carbon reduction. We both ensured a stable and secure energy supply and promoted green and low-carbon development. We worked toward the targets of peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality with well-conceived and systematic steps. 

The energy mix was further improved. Coal-fired generators with a total capacity of over 1.05 billion kilowatts achieved ultra-low emissions. Installed capacity of renewable power increased from 650 million kilowatts to more than 1.2 billion kilowatts. The share of clean energy in total energy consumption increased from 20.8 percent to over 25 percent. 

We made an all-embracing push to promote resource conservation, developed green sectors and a circular economy, and encouraged R&D and application of energy-saving and environmental protection technologies and products. The carbon absorption capacity of our ecosystems was enhanced. Financial support for green development was scaled up. Improvements were made to performance evaluations for energy consumption targets. 

Internationally, China played an active part in cooperation on addressing climate change, contributing its part to global climate governance.

（九）切實保障和改善民生，加快社會事業(yè)發(fā)展。貫徹以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，持續(xù)增加民生投入，著力?；尽⒍档拙€、促公平，提升公共服務(wù)水平，推進基本公共服務(wù)均等化，在發(fā)展中不斷增進民生福祉。

9. We took concrete steps to ensure and improve the people's wellbeing and accelerated the development of social programs. 

Acting on a people-centered philosophy of development, we continued to increase inputs in areas important to people's wellbeing, meet people's basic needs, provide a cushion for those most in need, and promote social fairness. We delivered higher-quality public services, ensured more equitable access to basic public services, and continued to improve the wellbeing of our people through development.

促進教育公平和質(zhì)量提升。百年大計，教育為本。財政性教育經(jīng)費占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比例每年都保持在4%以上，學(xué)生人均經(jīng)費投入大幅增加。持續(xù)加強農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育薄弱環(huán)節(jié)建設(shè)，基本消除城鎮(zhèn)大班額，推動解決進城務(wù)工人員子女入學(xué)問題，義務(wù)教育鞏固率由93.8%提高到95.5%。堅持義務(wù)教育由國家統(tǒng)一實施，引導(dǎo)規(guī)范民辦教育發(fā)展。減輕義務(wù)教育階段學(xué)生負擔(dān)。提升青少年健康水平。持續(xù)實施營養(yǎng)改善計劃，每年惠及3700多萬學(xué)生。保障教師特別是鄉(xiāng)村教師工資待遇。多渠道增加幼兒園供給。高中階段教育毛入學(xué)率提高到90%以上。職業(yè)教育適應(yīng)性增強，職業(yè)院校辦學(xué)條件持續(xù)改善。積極穩(wěn)妥推進高考綜合改革，高等教育毛入學(xué)率從45.7%提高到59.6%，高校招生持續(xù)加大對中西部地區(qū)和農(nóng)村地區(qū)傾斜力度。大幅提高經(jīng)濟困難高校學(xué)生國家助學(xué)貸款額度。深入實施“強基計劃”和基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科拔尖人才培養(yǎng)計劃，建設(shè)288個基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科拔尖學(xué)生培養(yǎng)基地，接續(xù)推進世界一流大學(xué)和一流學(xué)科建設(shè)，不斷夯實發(fā)展的人才基礎(chǔ)。

We developed more equitable and higher-quality education. Education is pivotal to the enduring prosperity of a country. We kept annual budgetary spending on education at over 4 percent of GDP and realized a significant increase in spending per student. 

We steadily intensified efforts to shore up weak links in rural compulsory education, largely resolved the problem of oversized classes in urban schools, and made strides in providing schooling for children of rural migrant workers in cities. The retention rate in nine-year compulsory education rose from 93.8 percent to 95.5 percent. 

We saw to it that compulsory education was provided as an overall state responsibility; and we guided and regulated the development of private schools. The burden on students in compulsory education was reduced. The health of our young people improved. The nutrition improvement program was continued, benefiting over 37 million students every year. We ensured that teachers, especially those in rural schools, received their pay packages in full. 

The provision of preschool education was increased through multiple channels. The gross enrollment ratio for senior secondary education rose to over 90 percent. Vocational education was made more adaptable, and conditions in vocational schools were steadily improved. 

We took active yet prudent steps to advance comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination system and raised the gross enrollment ratio for higher education from 45.7 percent to 59.6 percent. Universities and colleges continued to enroll more students from central and western regions and rural areas. The cap was significantly raised for government-subsidized loans to college students from families with financial difficulties. 

We launched a plan that enables institutions of higher learning to recruit students who excel in basic academic disciplines, as well as a plan to cultivate top talent in basic disciplines. We opened 288 training centers for high-performing students in basic disciplines and continued to develop world-class universities and world-class disciplines. By doing so, we have laid a solid foundation for talent development.

提升醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)能力。深入推進和努力普及健康中國行動，深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革，把基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度作為公共產(chǎn)品向全民提供，進一步緩解群眾看病難、看病貴問題。持續(xù)提高基本醫(yī)保和大病保險水平，城鄉(xiāng)居民醫(yī)保人均財政補助標準從450元提高到610元。將更多群眾急需藥品納入醫(yī)保報銷范圍。住院和門診費用實現(xiàn)跨省直接結(jié)算，惠及5700多萬人次。推行藥品和醫(yī)用耗材集中帶量采購，降低費用負擔(dān)超過4000億元。設(shè)置13個國家醫(yī)學(xué)中心，布局建設(shè)76個國家區(qū)域醫(yī)療中心。全面推開公立醫(yī)院綜合改革，持續(xù)提升縣域醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)能力，完善分級診療體系。優(yōu)化老年人等群體就醫(yī)服務(wù)。促進中醫(yī)藥傳承創(chuàng)新發(fā)展、惠及民生。基本公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)經(jīng)費人均財政補助標準從50元提高到84元。堅持預(yù)防為主，加強重大慢性病健康管理。改革完善疾病預(yù)防控制體系，組建國家疾病預(yù)防控制局，健全重大疫情防控救治和應(yīng)急物資保障體系，努力保障人民健康。

Our ability to provide medical and health services was enhanced. We conducted extensive activities to advance the Healthy China initiative and deepened the reform of medical and healthcare systems. We made basic medical and healthcare services available to the entire population as a public good and made it easier and more affordable for people to access medical treatment. 

Benefits under the basic medical insurance and serious disease insurance schemes continued to grow, and annual per capita government subsidies for basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents increased from 450 yuan to 610 yuan. A greater number of urgently needed medicines were approved for reimbursement under the basic medical insurance scheme. On-the-spot settlement of cross-provincial outpatient and inpatient medical bills was realized, with over 57 million applications for settlement approved. We made bulk government purchases of medicines and medical consumables, thus cutting medical bills by more than 400 billion yuan. Thirteen national medical research centers and 76 regional medical centers were opened. 

Comprehensive reform of public hospitals was carried out across the board, the capacity for providing medical and health services at the county level was steadily increased, and the tiered diagnosis and treatment system was refined. Elderly people and other groups enjoyed better medical services. 

The preservation and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine was promoted for the benefit of our people. Annual per capita government subsidies for basic public health services were increased from 50 yuan to 84 yuan. Giving priority to prevention, we strengthened health management for major chronic diseases. We reformed and improved the system for disease prevention and control. The National Administration of Disease Prevention and Control was inaugurated, and the systems for major epidemic prevention, control, and treatment and for providing emergency supplies were improved. With these efforts, we have protected the health of our people.

加強社會保障和服務(wù)。建立基本養(yǎng)老保險基金中央調(diào)劑制度，連續(xù)上調(diào)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金，提高城鄉(xiāng)居民基礎(chǔ)養(yǎng)老金最低標準，穩(wěn)步提升城鄉(xiāng)低保、優(yōu)待撫恤、失業(yè)和工傷保障等標準。積極應(yīng)對人口老齡化，推動老齡事業(yè)和養(yǎng)老產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。發(fā)展社區(qū)和居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)，加強配套設(shè)施和無障礙設(shè)施建設(shè)，在稅費、用房、水電氣價格等方面給予政策支持。推進醫(yī)養(yǎng)結(jié)合，穩(wěn)步推進長期護理保險制度試點。實施三孩生育政策及配套支持措施。完善退役軍人管理保障制度，提高保障水平。加強婦女、兒童權(quán)益保障。完善未成年人保護制度。健全殘疾人保障和關(guān)愛服務(wù)體系。健全社會救助體系，加強低收入人口動態(tài)監(jiān)測，對遇困人員及時給予幫扶，年均臨時救助1100萬人次，堅決兜住了困難群眾基本生活保障網(wǎng)。

We improved social security and social services. A central regulation system for basic old-age insurance funds was set up. We increased basic pension benefits for retirees for many years running and raised the minimum basic old-age benefits for rural and non-working urban residents. Urban and rural subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, unemployment insurance, and workers' compensation were steadily increased. 

We took proactive steps to address population aging and promoted development of both elderly care programs and elderly care services. We encouraged the development of community and at-home elderly care services, with more supporting facilities and barrier-free facilities built by offering policy support in terms of tax, rent, and charges for water, electricity, and natural gas. Integrated medical and elderly care services were promoted, and trials for long-term care insurance schemes were steadily advanced. The three-child policy was launched, and supporting measures were put into effect. 

We refined the system of management and support for ex-service members and provided them with better services and benefits. The rights and interests of women and children were better protected, and the system for the protection of minors was improved. The system for protecting, supporting, and caring for people with disabilities was also enhanced. 

We also improved the social assistance system, strengthened ongoing monitoring for low-income groups, and provided people in difficulty with prompt assistance. Temporary assistance was provided 11 million times on average each year. With these efforts, we have firmly secured the safety net for meeting the basic needs of people in difficulty.

豐富人民群眾精神文化生活。培育和踐行社會主義核心價值觀。深化群眾性精神文明創(chuàng)建。發(fā)展新聞出版、廣播影視、文學(xué)藝術(shù)、哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)和檔案等事業(yè)，加強智庫建設(shè)。扎實推進媒體深度融合。提升國際傳播效能。加強和創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)內(nèi)容建設(shè)。弘揚中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，加強文物和文化遺產(chǎn)保護傳承。實施文化惠民工程，公共圖書館、博物館、美術(shù)館、文化館站向社會免費開放。深入推進全民閱讀。支持文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。加強國家科普能力建設(shè)。體育健兒勇創(chuàng)佳績，全民健身廣泛開展。

People's intellectual and cultural lives were enriched. Core socialist values were fostered and observed. Public initiatives were launched to promote cultural and ethical advancement. The press and publishing, radio, film, and television, literature and art, philosophy and social sciences, and archiving as well as other undertakings were developed. Think tanks were strengthened. 

Solid steps were taken to promote in-depth integrated development of media. Communication with international audiences was improved. New ways were created to enhance online content development. Fine traditional Chinese culture was kept alive and thrived, and China's cultural artifacts and cultural heritage were better protected and preserved. Cultural projects were launched to benefit the public, and public libraries, museums, art galleries, and cultural centers were opened to the public free of charge. 

We continued to foster a love of reading among our people, supported the development of the cultural sector, and promoted scientific literacy. Chinese athletes excelled in competition; extensive Fitness-for-All activities were carried out.

（十）推進政府依法履職和社會治理創(chuàng)新，保持社會大局穩(wěn)定。加強法治政府建設(shè)，使經(jīng)濟社會活動更好在法治軌道上運行。堅持依法行政、大道為公，嚴格規(guī)范公正文明執(zhí)法，政府的權(quán)力來自人民，有權(quán)不可任性，用權(quán)必受監(jiān)督。推動完善法律法規(guī)和規(guī)章制度，提請全國人大常委會審議法律議案50件，制定修訂行政法規(guī)180件次。依法接受同級人大及其常委會的監(jiān)督，自覺接受人民政協(xié)的民主監(jiān)督，主動接受社會和輿論監(jiān)督。認真辦理人大代表建議和政協(xié)委員提案。加強審計、統(tǒng)計監(jiān)督。持續(xù)深化政務(wù)公開。開展國務(wù)院大督查。支持工會、共青團、婦聯(lián)等群團組織更好發(fā)揮作用。

10．We continued to perform government functions in accordance with the law and develop new ways of social governance and ensured social stability.

We stepped up efforts to develop a law-based government and ensured economic and social activities were carried out in compliance with the law. We exercised law-based government administration, served the common good of all, and saw that the law was enforced in a strict, procedure-based, impartial, and non-abusive way. The power of the government comes from the people; it should not be wielded as one pleases and the exercise of power must be subject to supervision. 

We worked to improve laws, regulations and rules, submitted 50 legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the NPC for deliberation, and formulated or revised 180 sets of administrative regulations. 

We in governments at all levels, in compliance with the law, subjected ourselves to the oversight of people's congresses and their standing committees at the corresponding level and readily submitted to the democratic oversight of the CPPCC, public oversight, and oversight through public opinion. We handled with careful attention recommendations from NPC deputies and proposals by CPPCC National Committee members. We also strengthened oversight based on audits and statistics. 

We continued to make government affairs more transparent. Accountability inspections were carried out by the State Council. We supported trade unions, Communist Youth League organizations, women's federations, and other people's organizations in better playing their roles.

加強和創(chuàng)新社會治理。推動市域社會治理現(xiàn)代化，完善基層治理，優(yōu)化社區(qū)服務(wù)。支持社會組織、人道救助、社會工作、志愿服務(wù)、公益慈善等健康發(fā)展。深入推進信訪積案化解。推進社會信用體系建設(shè)。完善公共法律服務(wù)體系。嚴格食品、藥品尤其是疫苗監(jiān)管。開展安全生產(chǎn)專項整治。改革和加強應(yīng)急管理，提高防災(zāi)減災(zāi)救災(zāi)能力，做好洪澇干旱、森林草原火災(zāi)、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害、地震等防御和氣象服務(wù)。深入推進國家安全體系和能力建設(shè)。加強網(wǎng)絡(luò)、數(shù)據(jù)安全和個人信息保護。持續(xù)加強社會治安綜合治理，嚴厲打擊各類違法犯罪，開展掃黑除惡專項斗爭，依法嚴懲黑惡勢力及其“保護傘”，平安中國、法治中國建設(shè)取得新進展。

We developed new and better forms of social governance. We advanced the modernization of urban social governance, improved primary-level governance, and provided better community services. We supported the sound development of social organizations, humanitarian assistance, social work, volunteer services, public welfare, charitable initiatives, and other related services. 

We made headway in clearing the backlog of public complaint cases. We advanced the development of the social credit system, improved the public legal service system, and tightened supervision over food and drugs and vaccines in particular. 

An initiative to enhance workplace safety was launched. We reformed and strengthened emergency management, enhanced our capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief, effectively protected against floods, droughts, forest and grassland fires, geological disasters, and earthquakes, and provided quality meteorological services. 

We made further progress in building up the national security system and capabilities. Cyber security, data security, and personal information protection were strengthened. We continued to take a full range of measures to maintain law and order, cracked down hard on illegal and criminal activities of all types, and launched campaigns to combat organized crime and handed out severe punishments, in accordance with the law, to criminal gangs and those who provided protection for them, thus making fresh headway in building a Peaceful China and advancing the rule of law in China.

各位代表！

Fellow Deputies,

五年來，各級政府認真貫徹落實黨中央全面從嚴治黨戰(zhàn)略部署，扎實開展“不忘初心、牢記使命”主題教育和黨史學(xué)習(xí)教育，弘揚偉大建黨精神，嚴格落實中央八項規(guī)定精神，持之以恒糾治“四風(fēng)”，重點糾治形式主義、官僚主義，“三公”經(jīng)費大幅壓減。嚴厲懲處違規(guī)建設(shè)樓堂館所和偷稅逃稅等行為。加強廉潔政府建設(shè)。政府工作人員自覺接受法律監(jiān)督、監(jiān)察監(jiān)督和人民監(jiān)督。

Over the past five years, we in governments at all levels faithfully implemented the Party Central Committee's strategic plans for full and rigorous Party self-governance, launched both initiatives to raise awareness of the need to stay true to the Party's founding mission and programs to study the Party's history, and carried forward the great founding spirit of the Party. 

We strictly complied with the central Party leadership's eight-point decision on improving work conduct and kept up our efforts to tackle pointless formalities, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, with emphasis on the first two. Spending on official overseas visits, vehicles for official use, and official hospitality was slashed. 

We resolutely investigated and strictly dealt with instances of constructing government buildings in breach of regulations and cases of tax evasion. Greater efforts were made to build a government of integrity. All of us in government have readily placed ourselves under the oversight of the law, supervisory bodies, and the people.

做好經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展工作，沒有捷徑，實干為要。五年來，堅持以習(xí)近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導(dǎo)，全面貫徹黨的基本理論、基本路線、基本方略。堅持以經(jīng)濟建設(shè)為中心，著力推動高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，事不畏難、行不避艱，要求以實干踐行承諾，凝心聚力抓發(fā)展；以民之所望為施政所向，始終把人民放在心中最高位置，一切以人民利益為重，仔細傾聽群眾呼聲，深入了解群眾冷暖，著力解決人民群眾急難愁盼問題；堅持實事求是，尊重客觀規(guī)律，堅決反對空談浮夸、做表面文章、搞形象工程甚至盲目蠻干；以改革的辦法、鍥而不舍的精神解難題、激活力，激勵敢于擔(dān)當，對庸政懶政者問責(zé)。尊重人民群眾首創(chuàng)精神，充分調(diào)動各方面積極性，進而匯聚起推動發(fā)展的強大力量。

There is no shortcut to achieving economic and social development; only solid work will deliver it. Over these five years, we followed the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and fully implemented the Party's basic theory, basic line, and basic policy. Taking economic development as our central task, we strived to pursue high-quality development, tackled challenges and difficulties head-on, fulfilled our commitments with solid work, and made concerted efforts to promote development. 

We took meeting the people's expectations as the goal of our governance, always kept the people uppermost in our minds, and put their interests above all else. We fully heeded their views, endeavored to gain a full understanding of their needs, and spared no effort to solve the pressing difficulties and problems that concerned them most. 

We adhered to the principle of seeking truth from facts, with full respect for objective laws, and resolutely opposed empty talk and boastfulness, window dressing, vanity projects, and rash and reckless moves. 

By carrying out reform and making unremitting efforts, we resolved problems and fostered vitality. We applauded those who lived up to their responsibilities and held to full account those who were incompetent and indolent. We respected the pioneering spirit of the people and kept all motivated, thus creating a powerful force for advancing development.

各位代表！

Fellow Deputies,

過去五年，民族、宗教、僑務(wù)等工作創(chuàng)新完善。鞏固和發(fā)展平等團結(jié)互助和諧的社會主義民族關(guān)系，民族團結(jié)進步呈現(xiàn)新氣象。貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，推進我國宗教中國化逐步深入。持續(xù)做好僑務(wù)工作，充分發(fā)揮海外僑胞在參與祖國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)中的獨特優(yōu)勢和重要作用。

Over the past five years, we created new ways to improve work related to ethnic groups, religious affairs, and overseas Chinese. We consolidated and developed socialist ethnic relations featuring equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony, with fresh headway achieved in ethnic solidarity and progress. We implemented the Party's basic policy on religious affairs and saw that religions in China further adapted to the Chinese context. We continued to improve our work on overseas Chinese affairs, thus giving full play to the unique strengths and important role of overseas Chinese nationals in China's modernization drive.

堅持黨對人民軍隊的絕對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，國防和軍隊建設(shè)取得一系列新的重大成就、發(fā)生一系列重大變革。人民軍隊深入推進政治建軍、改革強軍、科技強軍、人才強軍、依法治軍，深入推進練兵備戰(zhàn)，現(xiàn)代化水平和實戰(zhàn)能力顯著提升。堅定靈活開展軍事斗爭，有效遂行邊防斗爭、海上維權(quán)、反恐維穩(wěn)、搶險救災(zāi)、抗擊疫情、維和護航等重大任務(wù)，提升國防動員能力，有力維護了國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益。

We remained committed to the Party's absolute leadership over the people's armed forces. A series of major achievements were made in national defense and military development. As a result, a number of significant changes took place in this domain. 

The people's armed forces intensified efforts to enhance their political loyalty, to strengthen themselves through reform, scientific and technological advances, and personnel training, and to practice law-based governance. They stepped up military training, increased combat preparedness, and became a much more modernized and capable fighting force. 

They carried out operations in a firm and flexible way; and they effectively conducted major missions relating to border defense, maritime rights protection, counterterrorism and stability maintenance, disaster rescue and relief, Covid-19 response, peacekeeping, and merchant ship escorting. Our national defense mobilization capability was boosted. With these efforts, we fully safeguarded China's sovereignty, security, and development interests.

港澳臺工作取得新進展。依照憲法和基本法有效實施對特別行政區(qū)的全面管治權(quán)，制定實施香港特別行政區(qū)維護國家安全法，落實“愛國者治港”、“愛國者治澳”原則，推動香港進入由亂到治走向由治及興的新階段。深入推進粵港澳大灣區(qū)建設(shè)，支持港澳發(fā)展經(jīng)濟、改善民生、防控疫情、保持穩(wěn)定。貫徹新時代黨解決臺灣問題的總體方略，堅決開展反分裂、反干涉重大斗爭，持續(xù)推動兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展。

We made fresh progress in work related to Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. We exercised effective overall jurisdiction over the two special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao in accordance with China's Constitution and the basic laws of the two regions, formulated and put into effect the Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and applied the principle that Hong Kong and Macao should be administered by patriots. We have ensured that Hong Kong has entered a new stage in which it has restored order and is set to thrive. 

We promoted the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and supported Hong Kong and Macao in developing their economies, improving living standards, responding to Covid-19, and maintaining stability. 

We implemented the Party's overall policy for the new era on resolving the Taiwan question and resolutely fought against separatism and countered interference. We continued efforts to promote the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations. 

中國特色大國外交全面推進。習(xí)近平主席等黨和國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人出訪多國，通過線上和線下方式出席二十國集團領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會、亞太經(jīng)合組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人非正式會議、聯(lián)合國成立75周年系列高級別會議、東亞合作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人系列會議、中歐領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會晤等一系列重大外交活動。成功舉辦上合組織青島峰會、金磚國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會晤、全球發(fā)展高層對話會、“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇、中非合作論壇北京峰會等多場重大主場外交活動。堅持敢于斗爭、善于斗爭，堅決維護我國主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益。積極拓展全球伙伴關(guān)系，致力于建設(shè)開放型世界經(jīng)濟，維護多邊主義，推動構(gòu)建人類命運共同體。中國作為負責(zé)任大國，在推進國際抗疫合作、解決全球性挑戰(zhàn)和地區(qū)熱點問題上發(fā)揮了重要建設(shè)性作用，為促進世界和平與發(fā)展作出重要貢獻。

We conducted major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics on all fronts. President Xi Jinping and other Party and state leaders visited many countries and attended, online or offline, many major diplomatic events, including G20 summits, APEC economic leaders' meetings, high-level meetings commemorating the 75th anniversary of the United Nations, the East Asia leaders' meetings on cooperation, and China-EU summits. 

China also hosted a number of major diplomatic events, including the Qingdao Summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the 14th BRICS Summit, the High-Level Dialogue on Global Development, the first and second Belt and Road forums for international cooperation, and the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. 

With courage and ability to stand our ground, we resolutely safeguarded China's sovereignty, security, and development interests. We actively expanded global partnerships, worked to build an open world economy, safeguarded multilateralism, and promoted the building of a human community with a shared future. 

As a responsible major country, China played significant and constructive roles in enhancing international Covid-19 cooperation and addressing global challenges and regional hotspot issues, thus making important contributions to global peace and development.

各位代表！

Fellow Deputies,

這些年我國發(fā)展取得的成就，是以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的結(jié)果，是習(xí)近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想科學(xué)指引的結(jié)果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民團結(jié)奮斗的結(jié)果。我代表國務(wù)院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯感謝！向香港特別行政區(qū)同胞、澳門特別行政區(qū)同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯感謝！向關(guān)心和支持中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯感謝！

We owe our achievements in these five years to the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and the concerted efforts of the whole Party, the armed forces, and Chinese people of all ethnic groups. 

On behalf of the State Council, I would like to express sincere gratitude to all our people, and to all other political parties, people's organizations, and public figures from all sectors of society. I express heartfelt appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas. I would also like to express heartfelt thanks to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends across the world who have shown understanding and support for us in China as we pursue modernization.

在看到發(fā)展成就的同時，我們也清醒認識到，我國是一個發(fā)展中大國，仍處于社會主義初級階段，發(fā)展不平衡不充分問題仍然突出。當前發(fā)展面臨諸多困難挑戰(zhàn)。外部環(huán)境不確定性加大，全球通脹仍處于高位，世界經(jīng)濟和貿(mào)易增長動能減弱，外部打壓遏制不斷上升。國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟增長企穩(wěn)向上基礎(chǔ)尚需鞏固，需求不足仍是突出矛盾，民間投資和民營企業(yè)預(yù)期不穩(wěn)，不少中小微企業(yè)和個體工商戶困難較大，穩(wěn)就業(yè)任務(wù)艱巨，一些基層財政收支矛盾較大。房地產(chǎn)市場風(fēng)險隱患較多，一些中小金融機構(gòu)風(fēng)險暴露。發(fā)展仍有不少體制機制障礙?？萍紕?chuàng)新能力還不強。生態(tài)環(huán)境保護任重道遠。防災(zāi)減災(zāi)等城鄉(xiāng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施仍有明顯薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。一些民生領(lǐng)域存在不少短板。形式主義、官僚主義現(xiàn)象仍較突出，有的地方政策執(zhí)行“一刀切”、層層加碼，有的干部不作為、亂作為、簡單化，存在脫離實際、違背群眾意愿、漠視群眾合法權(quán)益等問題。一些領(lǐng)域、行業(yè)、地方腐敗現(xiàn)象時有發(fā)生。人民群眾對政府工作還有一些意見和建議應(yīng)予重視。要直面問題挑戰(zhàn)，盡心竭力改進政府工作，不負人民重托。

While recognizing our achievements, we are keenly aware that China is still a large, developing country. It remains in the primary stage of socialism with prominent imbalances and inadequacies in its development. Today, many difficulties and challenges still confront us. 

Uncertainties in the external environment are on the rise. Global inflation remains high, global economic and trade growth is losing steam, and external attempts to suppress and contain China are escalating. 

At home, the foundation for stable growth needs to be consolidated, insufficient demand remains a pronounced problem, and the expectations of private investors and businesses are unstable. Many MSMEs and self-employed individuals face great difficulties. The task of maintaining employment stability is challenging, and the budgetary imbalances of some local governments are substantial. There are many risks and hidden dangers in the real estate market. The operating risks of some small and medium financial institutions have been exposed. 

There are still many institutional barriers hindering development. Our capacity for scientific and technological innovation needs to be further improved. We still have a long way to go in protecting the environment. There are still major weak links in urban and rural infrastructure for disaster prevention and mitigation and other purposes. Weak links also persist in areas important to the people's lives. 

Pointless formalities and bureaucratism remain acute issues. Some local governments have used one-size-fits-all approaches or taken excessive measures when implementing policies. Some officials fail to fulfill their duties, act arbitrarily, or work in an oversimplified way. Some are detached from reality, go against the public will, or disregard the legitimate rights and interests of the people. Corruption remains a common problem in some fields, sectors, and localities. Regarding government work, the people have expressed some views and suggestions which deserve our full attention. 

We must face these problems and challenges squarely, make every effort to make improvements, and do all we can to live up to the people's trust.

二、對今年政府工作的建議

II. Recommendations for the Work of Government in 2023

今年是全面貫徹黨的二十大精神的開局之年。做好政府工作，要在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，以習(xí)近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導(dǎo)，全面貫徹落實黨的二十大精神，按照中央經(jīng)濟工作會議部署，扎實推進中國式現(xiàn)代化，堅持穩(wěn)中求進工作總基調(diào)，完整、準確、全面貫徹新發(fā)展理念，加快構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局，著力推動高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，更好統(tǒng)籌國內(nèi)國際兩個大局，更好統(tǒng)籌疫情防控和經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展，更好統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展和安全，全面深化改革開放，大力提振市場信心，把實施擴大內(nèi)需戰(zhàn)略同深化供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革有機結(jié)合起來，突出做好穩(wěn)增長、穩(wěn)就業(yè)、穩(wěn)物價工作，有效防范化解重大風(fēng)險，推動經(jīng)濟運行整體好轉(zhuǎn)，實現(xiàn)質(zhì)的有效提升和量的合理增長，持續(xù)改善民生，保持社會大局穩(wěn)定，為全面建設(shè)社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家開好局起好步。

This year is the first year for fully implementing the guiding principles from the Party's 20th National Congress. For the government to deliver, it is important, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, to do the following: 

■ follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era;

■ implement the guiding principles from the Party's 20th National Congress; 

■ act on the guidelines of the Central Economic Work Conference;

■ make solid progress in advancing Chinese modernization;

■ act on the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability;

■ fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts and move faster to create a new pattern of development;

■ promote high-quality development; 

■ give full consideration to both domestic and international imperatives; 

■ respond to Covid-19 and pursue economic and social development in a more coordinated way;

■ better ensure development and security; 

■ deepen reform and opening up in all respects;

■ boost market confidence;

■ pursue the strategy of expanding domestic demand and deepen supply-side structural reform;

■ give priority to ensuring stable growth, employment, and prices;

■ effectively prevent and defuse major risks;

■ promote a full economic recovery;

■ effectively pursue higher-quality growth and appropriately increase economic output;

■ keep working to improve people's lives; and 

■ maintain overall social stability.

These efforts will set the stage for building a modern socialist country in all respects.

今年發(fā)展主要預(yù)期目標是：國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長5%左右；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1200萬人左右，城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率5.5%左右；居民消費價格漲幅3%左右；居民收入增長與經(jīng)濟增長基本同步；進出口促穩(wěn)提質(zhì)，國際收支基本平衡；糧食產(chǎn)量保持在1.3萬億斤以上；單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗和主要污染物排放量繼續(xù)下降，重點控制化石能源消費，生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定改善。

The main projected targets for development this year are as follows: 

■ GDP growth of around 5 percent;

■ around 12 million new urban jobs;

■ surveyed urban unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent;

■ CPI increase of around 3 percent;

■ growth in personal income that is generally in step with economic growth;

■ steady increases in both the volume and quality of imports and exports;

■ a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments;

■ grain output of over 650 million metric tons;

■ continued reductions in energy consumption per unit of GDP and in the discharge of major pollutants, with priority on controlling fossil fuel consumption; and 

■ steady improvements in the quality of the eco-environment.

要堅持穩(wěn)字當頭、穩(wěn)中求進，面對戰(zhàn)略機遇和風(fēng)險挑戰(zhàn)并存、不確定難預(yù)料因素增多，保持政策連續(xù)性穩(wěn)定性針對性，加強各類政策協(xié)調(diào)配合，形成共促高質(zhì)量發(fā)展合力。積極的財政政策要加力提效。赤字率擬按3%安排。完善稅費優(yōu)惠政策，對現(xiàn)行減稅降費、退稅緩稅等措施，該延續(xù)的延續(xù)，該優(yōu)化的優(yōu)化。做好基層“三?！惫ぷ?。穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策要精準有力。保持廣義貨幣供應(yīng)量和社會融資規(guī)模增速同名義經(jīng)濟增速基本匹配，支持實體經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩(wěn)定。產(chǎn)業(yè)政策要發(fā)展和安全并舉。促進傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)改造升級，培育壯大戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，著力補強產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈薄弱環(huán)節(jié)?？萍颊咭劢棺粤⒆詮?，也要堅持國際合作。完善新型舉國體制，發(fā)揮好政府在關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)中的組織作用，支持和突出企業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新主體地位，加大科技人才及團隊培養(yǎng)支持力度。社會政策要兜牢民生底線。落實落細就業(yè)優(yōu)先政策，把促進青年特別是高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)工作擺在更加突出的位置，切實保障好基本民生。

This year, it is essential to prioritize economic stability and pursue progress while ensuring stability. Confronted with a situation in which strategic opportunities, risks, and challenges are concurrent and uncertainties and unforeseen factors are rising, we should keep our policies consistent, stable, and targeted and see that they are carried out in a more coordinated way to create synergy for high-quality development. 

We should enhance the intensity and effectiveness of our proactive fiscal policy. A deficit-to-GDP ratio of 3 percent has been projected for this year. We should improve preferential tax and fee policies, and extend and further refine policies on tax and fee cuts, tax rebates, and tax deferrals as the situation requires. We should see that at the primary level, basic living needs are met, salary payments are ensured, and normal government functioning is maintained. 

We should do more to implement a prudent monetary policy in a targeted way. The M2 money supply and aggregate financing should increase generally in step with nominal economic growth to provide support for the real economy. The RMB exchange rate should be kept generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level. 

In adopting industrial policies, we should give consideration to both development and security imperatives. We should promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, cultivate and strengthen strategic emerging industries, and take forceful steps to shore up weak links in industrial chains. 

Scientific and technological policies should aim at building up our country's strength and self-reliance in science and technology, and international cooperation should also be continued. The new system for mobilizing resources nationwide should be improved, we should better leverage the role of the government in pooling resources to make key technological breakthroughs, and enterprises should be encouraged and supported in playing the principal role in innovation. Greater support should be given for the training of scientific and technological personnel and teams.

Social policies should meet basic living needs. To effectively ensure people's basic wellbeing, we should take concrete measures to fully implement the employment-first policy and place a higher priority on promoting the employment of young people, particularly college graduates.

當前我國新冠疫情防控已進入“乙類乙管”常態(tài)化防控階段，要在對疫情防控工作進行全面科學(xué)總結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上，更加科學(xué)、精準、高效做好防控工作，圍繞保健康、防重癥，重點做好老年人、兒童、患基礎(chǔ)性疾病群體的疫情防控和醫(yī)療救治，提升疫情監(jiān)測水平，推進疫苗迭代升級和新藥研制，切實保障群眾就醫(yī)用藥需求，守護好人民生命安全和身體健康。

China has entered a phase of regular Covid-19 response, in which prevention and control measures for Class B infectious diseases are applied. On the basis of a comprehensive and systematic review of epidemic response efforts, we must ensure our response is well-conceived, more targeted, and more effective. We should protect people's health and prevent severe cases, with an emphasis on prevention and treatment for the elderly, children, and people with underlying medical conditions. Monitoring of the epidemic should be elevated to a higher level. Covid-19 vaccines should be upgraded and new drugs should be developed. We should ensure people's access to medicines and medical services to protect their lives and health.

今年是政府換屆之年，前面報告的經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展多領(lǐng)域、各方面工作，今后還需不懈努力，下面簡述幾項重點。

This year, a new central government leadership will take office. Going forward, the work outlined in the previous section of this report relating to economic and social development must be pushed forward with relentless efforts. I would now like to brief you on several key priorities.

（一）著力擴大國內(nèi)需求。把恢復(fù)和擴大消費擺在優(yōu)先位置。多渠道增加城鄉(xiāng)居民收入。穩(wěn)定汽車等大宗消費，推動餐飲、文化、旅游、體育等生活服務(wù)消費恢復(fù)。政府投資和政策激勵要有效帶動全社會投資，今年擬安排地方政府專項債券3.8萬億元，加快實施“十四五”重大工程，實施城市更新行動，促進區(qū)域優(yōu)勢互補、各展其長，繼續(xù)加大對受疫情沖擊較嚴重地區(qū)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的支持力度，鼓勵和吸引更多民間資本參與國家重大工程和補短板項目建設(shè)，激發(fā)民間投資活力。

1. Expanding domestic demand

We should give priority to the recovery and expansion of consumption. The incomes of urban and rural residents should be boosted through multiple channels. We should stabilize spending on big-ticket items such as automobiles and promote recovery in the consumption of consumer services in sectors such as catering, culture, tourism, and sports. We should see that government investment and policy incentives effectively drive investment society-wide.

It is proposed that 3.8 trillion yuan be allocated for special-purpose bonds for local governments this year. Implementation of major projects set out in the 14th Five-Year Plan will be sped up. Urban renewal projects should also be launched.

We should promote complementary development between regions and see that each region fully leverages its strengths. We should continue to step up support for economic and social development in areas badly hit by Covid-19. We should encourage and attract more private capital into major state projects and projects aimed at addressing areas of weakness in order to stimulate private investment.

（二）加快建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化產(chǎn)業(yè)體系。強化科技創(chuàng)新對產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的支撐。持續(xù)開展產(chǎn)業(yè)強鏈補鏈行動，圍繞制造業(yè)重點產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，集中優(yōu)質(zhì)資源合力推進關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)，充分激發(fā)創(chuàng)新活力。加強重要能源、礦產(chǎn)資源國內(nèi)勘探開發(fā)和增儲上產(chǎn)。加快傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)和中小企業(yè)數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型，著力提升高端化、智能化、綠色化水平。加快前沿技術(shù)研發(fā)和應(yīng)用推廣，促進科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化。建設(shè)高效順暢的物流體系。大力發(fā)展數(shù)字經(jīng)濟，提升常態(tài)化監(jiān)管水平，支持平臺經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。

2. Accelerating the modernization of the industrial system

Scientific and technological innovation must play a bigger role in supporting industrial development. We should continue the initiative to bolster industrial and supply chains, with a focus on key industrial chains in the manufacturing sector. We should pool quality resources and make concerted efforts to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields so as to fully unleash the vitality for innovation. 

We should redouble efforts to explore and develop important energy and mineral resources, discover more reserves, and boost production. We should speed up the digitalization of traditional industries and SMEs to make them higher-end, smarter, and more eco-friendly. We should accelerate R&D and application of cutting-edge technologies and promote the application of scientific and technological advances. We should develop a smooth and efficient logistics system. We should strive to develop the digital economy, step up regular oversight, and support the development of the platform economy.

（三）切實落實“兩個毫不動搖”。深化國資國企改革，提高國企核心競爭力。堅持分類改革方向，處理好國企經(jīng)濟責(zé)任和社會責(zé)任關(guān)系，完善中國特色國有企業(yè)現(xiàn)代公司治理。依法保護民營企業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)和企業(yè)家權(quán)益，完善相關(guān)政策，鼓勵支持民營經(jīng)濟和民營企業(yè)發(fā)展壯大，支持中小微企業(yè)和個體工商戶發(fā)展，構(gòu)建親清政商關(guān)系，為各類所有制企業(yè)創(chuàng)造公平競爭、競相發(fā)展的環(huán)境，用真招實策穩(wěn)定市場預(yù)期和提振市場信心。

3. Unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector

We should deepen reform of state-owned capital and SOEs and enhance the core competitiveness of SOEs. We should continue with a category-based approach to reform and see that SOEs fulfill both their economic and social responsibilities and that they improve their modern corporate governance with distinctive Chinese features. 

We should, in accordance with the law, protect the property rights of private enterprises and the rights and interests of entrepreneurs and refine related policies. We should encourage and support the private sector and private businesses in growing and expanding and support MSMEs and self-employed individuals in business development. 

We should cultivate a cordial and clean relationship between government and business and create an environment in which enterprises under all forms of ownership can compete and grow on a level playing field. Effective measures and policies should be rolled out to stabilize market expectations and boost market confidence.

（四）更大力度吸引和利用外資。擴大市場準入，加大現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)領(lǐng)域開放力度。落實好外資企業(yè)國民待遇。積極推動加入全面與進步跨太平洋伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定（CPTPP）等高標準經(jīng)貿(mào)協(xié)議，主動對照相關(guān)規(guī)則、規(guī)制、管理、標準，穩(wěn)步擴大制度型開放。優(yōu)化區(qū)域開放布局，實施自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)提升戰(zhàn)略，發(fā)揮好海南自由貿(mào)易港、各類開發(fā)區(qū)等開放平臺的先行先試作用。繼續(xù)發(fā)揮進出口對經(jīng)濟的支撐作用。做好外資企業(yè)服務(wù)工作，推動外資標志性項目落地建設(shè)。開放的中國大市場，一定能為各國企業(yè)在華發(fā)展提供更多機遇。

4. Intensifying efforts to attract and utilize foreign investment

We should expand market access and continue to open up the modern services sector. We should ensure national treatment for foreign-funded companies. 

We should take active steps to see China join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and accede to other high-standard economic and trade agreements, and steadily expand institutional opening up by proactively adopting relevant rules, regulations, management, and standards. We should improve planning for regional opening up, upgrade pilot free trade zones, and give play to the role of platforms for opening up, such as the Hainan Free Trade Port and various development zones, as testing grounds. We should continue to leverage the role of imports and exports in driving economic growth. We should improve services for foreign-funded companies and facilitate the launch of landmark foreign-funded projects. 

With a vast and open market, China is sure to provide even greater business opportunities for foreign companies in China.

（五）有效防范化解重大經(jīng)濟金融風(fēng)險。深化金融體制改革，完善金融監(jiān)管，壓實各方責(zé)任，防止形成區(qū)域性、系統(tǒng)性金融風(fēng)險。有效防范化解優(yōu)質(zhì)頭部房企風(fēng)險，改善資產(chǎn)負債狀況，防止無序擴張，促進房地產(chǎn)業(yè)平穩(wěn)發(fā)展。防范化解地方政府債務(wù)風(fēng)險，優(yōu)化債務(wù)期限結(jié)構(gòu)，降低利息負擔(dān)，遏制增量、化解存量。

5. Effectively preventing and defusing major economic and financial risks

We need to deepen reform of the financial system, improve financial regulation, and see that all those involved assume their full responsibilities to guard against regional and systemic financial risks. We should ensure effective risk prevention and mitigation in high-quality, leading real estate enterprises, help them improve debt-to-asset ratios, and prevent unregulated expansion in the real estate market to promote stable development of the real estate sector. 

To prevent and defuse local government debt risks, we should improve the mix of debt maturities, reduce the burden of interest payments, and prevent a build-up of new debts while working to reduce existing ones.

（六）穩(wěn)定糧食生產(chǎn)和推進鄉(xiāng)村振興。一體推進農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化和農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化。穩(wěn)定糧食播種面積，抓好油料生產(chǎn)，實施新一輪千億斤糧食產(chǎn)能提升行動。完善農(nóng)資保供穩(wěn)價應(yīng)對機制。加強耕地保護，加強農(nóng)田水利和高標準農(nóng)田等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。深入實施種業(yè)振興行動。強化農(nóng)業(yè)科技和裝備支撐。健全種糧農(nóng)民收益保障機制和主產(chǎn)區(qū)利益補償機制。樹立大食物觀，構(gòu)建多元化食物供給體系。發(fā)展鄉(xiāng)村特色產(chǎn)業(yè)，拓寬農(nóng)民增收致富渠道。鞏固拓展脫貧攻堅成果，堅決防止出現(xiàn)規(guī)模性返貧。推進鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)行動。國家關(guān)于土地承包期再延長30年的政策，務(wù)必通過細致工作扎實落實到位。

6. Stabilizing grain output and advancing rural revitalization

We should adopt an integrated approach to promoting agricultural and rural modernization. We should keep total grain acreage at a stable level, promote the production of oilseed crops, and launch a new drive to increase grain production capacity by 50 million metric tons. We should improve contingency plans for ensuring the provision of agricultural supplies at stable prices. We should strengthen farmland protection and ramp up the development of high-standard cropland, facilities for irrigation and water conservancy, and other agricultural infrastructure. We should invigorate the seed industry and support the development of agricultural science, technology, and equipment. 

We should refine the mechanisms for ensuring the incomes of grain growers and for compensating major grain-producing areas. We should adopt an all-encompassing approach to food and build a diversified food supply system. Rural industries with local features should be fostered to create more channels for increasing rural incomes. Our achievements in poverty alleviation should be consolidated and expanded to prevent large-scale relapse into poverty. Rural development initiatives should be advanced. We must meticulously and effectively carry out work related to the extension of rural land contracts for an additional 30 years.

（七）推動發(fā)展方式綠色轉(zhuǎn)型。深入推進環(huán)境污染防治。加強流域綜合治理，加強城鄉(xiāng)環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，持續(xù)實施重要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護和修復(fù)重大工程。推進能源清潔高效利用和技術(shù)研發(fā)，加快建設(shè)新型能源體系，提升可再生能源占比。完善支持綠色發(fā)展的政策和金融工具，發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟，推進資源節(jié)約集約利用，推動重點領(lǐng)域節(jié)能降碳減污，持續(xù)打好藍天、碧水、凈土保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)。

7. Continuing the transition to green development

Pollution prevention and control should be intensified. We should take more robust and comprehensive measures to improve river basins, upgrade urban-rural environmental infrastructure, and continue to implement major projects for protecting and restoring key ecosystems. We should promote R&D for the clean and efficient use of energy, move faster to develop a new energy system, and increase the share of renewable energy in China's energy mix. 

We should improve the policies and financial tools for green development, develop the circular economy, and promote efficient and intensive use of resources. We should advance energy conservation and reduce carbon emissions and pollution in key areas and continue working to keep our skies blue, waters clear, and lands clean.

（八）保障基本民生和發(fā)展社會事業(yè)。加強住房保障體系建設(shè)，支持剛性和改善性住房需求，解決好新市民、青年人等住房問題，加快推進老舊小區(qū)和危舊房改造。加快建設(shè)高質(zhì)量教育體系，推進義務(wù)教育優(yōu)質(zhì)均衡發(fā)展和城鄉(xiāng)一體化，推進學(xué)前教育、特殊教育普惠發(fā)展，大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育，推進高等教育創(chuàng)新，支持中西部地區(qū)高校發(fā)展，深化體教融合。深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革，促進醫(yī)保、醫(yī)療、醫(yī)藥協(xié)同發(fā)展和治理。推動優(yōu)質(zhì)醫(yī)療資源擴容下沉和區(qū)域均衡布局。實施中醫(yī)藥振興發(fā)展重大工程。重視心理健康和精神衛(wèi)生。實施積極應(yīng)對人口老齡化國家戰(zhàn)略，加強養(yǎng)老服務(wù)保障，完善生育支持政策體系。保障婦女、兒童、老年人、殘疾人合法權(quán)益。做好軍人軍屬、退役軍人和其他優(yōu)撫對象優(yōu)待撫恤工作。繁榮發(fā)展文化事業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)。提升社會治理效能。強化安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)管和防災(zāi)減災(zāi)救災(zāi)。全面貫徹總體國家安全觀，建設(shè)更高水平的平安中國。

8. Meeting people's basic living needs and developing social programs

We should improve the housing support system, support people in buying their first homes or improving their housing situation, help resolve the housing problems of new urban residents and young people, and accelerate renovations of old residential communities and dilapidated houses. 

We should work faster to build a high-quality educational system, promote high-quality, balanced development and urban-rural integration of compulsory education, advance public-bene?t preschool education and special needs education, and intensify efforts to develop vocational education. We should continue to explore new ground in higher education, support the development of universities and colleges in the central and western regions, and further integrate sports with education. 

We should deepen reform of the medicine and healthcare systems and promote the coordinated development and governance of medical insurance, medical services, and pharmaceuticals. We should see that more quality medical resources are made available and weighted toward the community level and ensure that they are more evenly distributed among regions. We should implement the major project to revitalize traditional Chinese medicine. Great importance should be attached to mental and psychological health.

We need to pursue a proactive national strategy in response to population aging, improve elderly care services, and refine supporting policies on childbirth. We should protect the legitimate rights and interests of women, children, the elderly, and people with disabilities. We should see that service members and their families, ex-service members, and other entitled groups receive the benefits and subsidies they are entitled to. 

We should develop cultural programs and the cultural sector. We should work to make social governance more effective. Workplace safety supervision should be strengthened, and disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief efforts should be bolstered. 

We should fully apply a holistic approach to national security and advance the Peaceful China Initiative to a higher level.

進一步加強政府自身建設(shè)，持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，搞好機構(gòu)改革，扎實推進法治政府、創(chuàng)新政府、廉潔政府和服務(wù)型政府建設(shè)，發(fā)揚實干精神，大興調(diào)查研究之風(fēng)，提高行政效率和公信力。

We should take steps to strengthen government self-improvement, continue to transform government functions, carry out effective institutional reform, and push forward with building a law-based, innovation-driven, and service-oriented government of integrity. We should harness the spirit of hard work, engage in extensive research and fact-finding activities, and strive to increase administrative efficiency and public trust in government.

各位代表！

Fellow Deputies,

我們要以鑄牢中華民族共同體意識為主線，堅持和完善民族區(qū)域自治制度，促進各民族共同團結(jié)奮斗、共同繁榮發(fā)展。堅持黨的宗教工作基本方針，堅持我國宗教中國化方向，積極引導(dǎo)宗教與社會主義社會相適應(yīng)。加強和改進僑務(wù)工作，匯聚起海內(nèi)外中華兒女同心奮斗、共創(chuàng)輝煌的強大力量。

We should, with a focus on forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, uphold and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy and encourage all our ethnic groups to strive in unity for common prosperity and development. 

We should adhere to the Party's basic policy on religious affairs, follow the principle that religions in China must be Chinese in orientation, and provide active guidance to religions so that they can adapt themselves to socialist society. 

We should strengthen and improve our work related to Chinese nationals overseas to forge a powerful force for all the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation, both at home and abroad, to work together to make remarkable achievements.

我們要深入貫徹習(xí)近平強軍思想，貫徹新時代軍事戰(zhàn)略方針，圍繞實現(xiàn)建軍一百年奮斗目標，邊斗爭、邊備戰(zhàn)、邊建設(shè)，完成好黨和人民賦予的各項任務(wù)。全面加強練兵備戰(zhàn)，創(chuàng)新軍事戰(zhàn)略指導(dǎo)，大抓實戰(zhàn)化軍事訓(xùn)練，統(tǒng)籌抓好各方向各領(lǐng)域軍事斗爭。全面加強軍事治理，鞏固拓展國防和軍隊改革成果，加強重大任務(wù)戰(zhàn)建備統(tǒng)籌，加快實施國防發(fā)展重大工程。鞏固提高一體化國家戰(zhàn)略體系和能力，加強國防科技工業(yè)能力建設(shè)。深化全民國防教育。各級政府要大力支持國防和軍隊建設(shè)，深入開展“雙擁”活動，合力譜寫軍政軍民團結(jié)新篇章。

We should fully implement Xi Jinping's thinking on strengthening the military and the military strategy for the new era. Our armed forces, with a focus on the goals for the centenary of the People's Liberation Army in 2027, should work to carry out military operations, boost combat preparedness, and enhance military capabilities so as to accomplish the tasks entrusted to them by the Party and the people. 

The armed forces should intensify military training and preparedness across the board, develop new military strategic guidance, devote greater energy to training under combat conditions, and make well-coordinated efforts to strengthen military work in all directions and domains. 

We should improve all-around military governance and build on and expand the gains of national defense and military reform. We should see that military operations, capacity building, and combat preparedness are well-coordinated in fulfilling major tasks and speed up the implementation of major defense-related projects. 

We should consolidate and enhance integration of national strategies and strategic capabilities and step up capacity building in science, technology, and industries related to national defense. We should enhance public awareness about national defense. 

We in governments at all levels should give strong support to the development of national defense and the armed forces and conduct extensive activities to promote mutual support between civilian sectors and the military. In doing so, we will open a new chapter of unity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.

我們要全面準確、堅定不移貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，堅持依法治港治澳，維護憲法和基本法確定的特別行政區(qū)憲制秩序，落實“愛國者治港”、“愛國者治澳”原則。支持港澳發(fā)展經(jīng)濟、改善民生，保持香港、澳門長期繁榮穩(wěn)定。

We should fully, faithfully, and resolutely implement the policy of One Country, Two Systems, under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong and the people of Macao administer Macao, both with a high degree of autonomy. 

We should remain committed to law-based governance in Hong Kong and Macao and ensure that constitutional order in the two regions is upheld as stipulated in China's Constitution and the basic laws of the two regions, and that Hong Kong and Macao are administered by patriots. 

We should support Hong Kong and Macao in growing their economies and improving the lives of their people and maintain long-term prosperity and stability in the two regions.

我們要堅持貫徹新時代黨解決臺灣問題的總體方略，堅持一個中國原則和“九二共識”，堅定反“獨”促統(tǒng)，推動兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展，推進祖國和平統(tǒng)一進程。兩岸同胞血脈相連，要促進兩岸經(jīng)濟文化交流合作，完善增進臺灣同胞福祉的制度和政策，推動兩岸共同弘揚中華文化，同心共創(chuàng)復(fù)興偉業(yè)。

We should implement our Party's overall policy for the new era on resolving the Taiwan question, adhere to the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, and take resolute steps to oppose "Taiwan independence" and promote reunification. We should promote the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations and advance the process of China's peaceful reunification. 

As we Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are one family bound by blood, we should advance economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation across the Taiwan Strait and improve the systems and policies that contribute to the wellbeing of our Taiwan compatriots. We should encourage people on both sides of the Strait to jointly promote Chinese culture and advance China's rejuvenation.

我們要堅定奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策，堅定不移走和平發(fā)展道路，堅持在和平共處五項原則基礎(chǔ)上同各國發(fā)展友好合作，堅定奉行互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略，始終做世界和平的建設(shè)者、全球發(fā)展的貢獻者、國際秩序的維護者。中國愿同國際社會一道落實全球發(fā)展倡議、全球安全倡議，弘揚全人類共同價值，攜手推動構(gòu)建人類命運共同體，維護世界和平和地區(qū)穩(wěn)定。

We should stay committed to an independent foreign policy of peace and to peaceful development and pursue friendship and cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. 

We should remain firm in pursuing a strategy of opening up for mutual benefit. We should continue working to safeguard world peace, contribute to global development, and uphold the international order. 

China stands ready to work with the international community to put into action the Global Development Initiative and the Global Security Initiative and promote the shared values of humanity. 

Let us join hands to promote the building of a human community with a shared future and safeguard world peace and regional stability.

各位代表！

Fellow Deputies,

奮斗鑄就輝煌，實干贏得未來。我們要更加緊密地團結(jié)在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央周圍，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以習(xí)近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導(dǎo)，全面貫徹黨的二十大精神，砥礪前行，推動經(jīng)濟社會持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，為全面建設(shè)社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家、全面推進中華民族偉大復(fù)興，為把我國建設(shè)成為富強民主文明和諧美麗的社會主義現(xiàn)代化強國不懈奮斗！

Great achievements can only come from hard work; a bright future can only be secured through solid efforts. 

Let us rally more closely around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and fully implement the guiding principles from the Party's 20th National Congress. 

Let us forge ahead with perseverance and resolve, promote sound and sustainable economic and social development, and keep working to build a modern socialist country in all respects.

Let us strive to advance national rejuvenation on all fronts and build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful. 

（來源：新華網(wǎng)）

(Source: Xinhua)