貧困戶

貧困戶可簡(jiǎn)單理解為需要扶貧的家庭。然而，由于權(quán)力、信息等多種因素的影響，如何識(shí)別和確定貧困戶成為有效減貧的前提條件。中共十八大以來(lái)，以精準(zhǔn)扶貧為基本方略，中國(guó)的貧困戶識(shí)別體制機(jī)制有了巨大的創(chuàng)新，達(dá)到了極高的貧困識(shí)別率，為脫貧攻堅(jiān)奠定了重要基礎(chǔ)。2014年國(guó)務(wù)院印發(fā)的《扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)建檔立卡工作方案》指出，貧困戶識(shí)別要以農(nóng)戶收入為基本依據(jù)，綜合考慮住房、教育、健康等情況，通過(guò)農(nóng)戶申請(qǐng)、民主評(píng)議、公示公告和逐級(jí)審核的方式，整戶識(shí)別。由于農(nóng)戶收入精準(zhǔn)測(cè)算比較困難，各地在自下而上的貧困識(shí)別上也探索了一些創(chuàng)新做法。如貴州省威寧縣迤那鎮(zhèn)五星村精準(zhǔn)識(shí)別“四看工作法”，即“一看房，二看糧，三看勞動(dòng)能力強(qiáng)不強(qiáng)，四看家中有沒(méi)有讀書(shū)郎”。每“一看”都有子指標(biāo)并賦予相應(yīng)分值。在民主評(píng)議中，由村民代表對(duì)申請(qǐng)農(nóng)戶按照“四看”法進(jìn)行打分，再根據(jù)農(nóng)戶分值情況，從高往低排序識(shí)別出貧困農(nóng)戶。

Poor Households

Poor households are those that need assistance to get rid of poverty. To identify and determine which households are poor is a precondition for effective poverty reduction.

Since 2012, China has followed the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation and established a mechanism to identify poor households, thus laying a good foundation for poverty elimination.

According to the Plan for Poverty Alleviation Registration, issued by the State Council in 2014, the designation is based on household income, with due consideration given to housing, education and health conditions. Individual household applications will go through democratic appraisal, public notice and review by the authorities at each higher level, before a final ruling is made.

Since it is not easy to calculate the accurate income of individual households, different localities have created their own mechanisms to determine the true conditions. In Wuxing Village in Weining County, Guizhou Province, for example, the financial conditions of the household applicants are decided based on their housing and grain output, their ability to work, and whether they have school-age children. The villager representatives will rate these four items in a democratic appraisal, and the final scores are listed from the highest down so that the poorest households can be easily identified.