建檔立卡
建檔立卡，是指在全國范圍內(nèi)建立貧困戶、貧困村、貧困縣和連片特困地區(qū)電子信息檔案，向貧困戶發(fā)放《扶貧手冊》，并以此構(gòu)建全國扶貧信息網(wǎng)絡系統(tǒng)，為精準扶貧工作奠定基礎。2014年以來，全國扶貧系統(tǒng)開展了貧困識別建檔立卡工作，建檔立卡對象包括貧困戶、貧困村、貧困縣和連片特困地區(qū)。國務院有關(guān)部門通過在全國范圍逐村逐戶開展貧困識別，共識別出12.8萬個貧困村，2948萬貧困戶、8962萬貧困人口，基本摸清了全國貧困人口分布、致貧原因、脫貧需求等信息，建立起了全國統(tǒng)一的扶貧開發(fā)信息系統(tǒng)。經(jīng)過2015至2018年的動態(tài)調(diào)整，進一步完善建檔立卡貧困識別信息數(shù)據(jù)庫和幫扶臺賬。通過建檔立卡，有關(guān)單位可以對貧困戶和貧困村進行精準識別，了解貧困狀況，分析致貧原因，摸清幫扶需求，明確幫扶主體，落實幫扶措施，開展考核問效，實施動態(tài)管理。同時，建檔立卡也有利于對貧困縣和連片特困地區(qū)進行監(jiān)測和評估，分析掌握扶貧開發(fā)工作情況，為扶貧開發(fā)決策和考核提供依據(jù)。
大數(shù)據(jù)時代的扶貧開發(fā)，需要搭建一個人人可關(guān)注、人人可參與的公眾扶貧參與平臺，而這些都要依據(jù)權(quán)威、準確和透明的數(shù)據(jù)。可以說，建檔立卡是新時期扶貧開發(fā)工作的一個“破冰工程”。
Poverty Registration
Poverty registration refers to the filing of electronic information about poor households, villages, counties and contiguous areas of extreme poverty across the country, before a poverty alleviation handbook is distributed to each eligible household. Based on this, a nationwide poverty alleviation information network is being built.
In 2014, a total of 128,000 poor villages with 29.48 million poor households and 89.62 million impoverished people were identified and registered. The government also obtained a general picture of their locations, the causes of their poverty, and their particular needs for poverty elimination. A nationwide unified information system of poverty alleviation was thus built to provide big data for relevant endeavors.
With timely adjustment between 2015 and 2018, the poverty identification and registration databank and assistance account books were further improved. Relevant units can obtain detailed information about the recipients of assistance - the causes of their poverty and their individual needs - and carry out targeted measures to help them and review the results. Likewise, the authorities can better monitor and evaluate progress in poor counties and contiguous areas, and take these as a source of reference for decision-making and performance review.
Poverty alleviation in the big data era requires that a platform be available for the public to learn about and participate in assistance programs, on top of which authoritative, accurate and transparent data are essential. Poverty registration is an ice-breaker in this regard.
