The September 18th Incident

On the night of September 18, 1931, after lengthy planning and preparation, the Japanese Kwantung Army, stationed in Northeast China according to inequal treaty, bombed the Southern Manchurian Railway near the Liutiao Lake in the northern suburbs of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, and then blamed the Chinese troops. Using this as a pretext, they launched a sudden attack of Beidaying where the Chinese Northeast Army was garrisoned, and the city of Shenyang. Within a couple of days, the invaders had occupied more than 20 cities and large areas of land in the vicinity. This act of aggression was known as the September 18th Incident.

Ignoring the Japanese invaders and the national crisis, the KMT government still focused on its civil war against the Communists, followed a policy of absolute non-resistance toward the Japanese army, and ordered the Northeast Army to retreat to the south of the Shanhai Pass on the Great Wall. Following their occupation of Shenyang, the Japanese army continued to invade Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces and, by February 1932, the three provinces in Northeast China had all fallen into enemy hands.

The September 18th Incident was a natural result of the expansionist policy of aggression against China that had long been followed by the Japanese government. It was a major step toward turning China into a Japanese colony.

The incident made the Chinese people realize that the nation was facing grand dangers, and public calls went up to drive the Japanese imperialists out of China. There were widespread cries to resist the Japanese aggression, and public opposition to the KMT government policy of non-resistance.

As the situation deteriorated, the CPC continued to champion the cause of resistance. Under the CPC's leadership and influence, the people of Northeast China stood up to the invaders and waged guerrilla warfare. Various armed resistance forces such as the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army emerged. In February 1936, these forces were restructured into the Northeast United Resistance Army. After the July 7th Incident of 1937, the United Resistance Army engaged in extensive guerilla resistance with the support of local people, which dovetailed with the national resistance under the CPC's leadership.

九一八事變

1931年9月18日深夜，根據(jù)不平等條約駐扎在中國(guó)東北的日本關(guān)東軍經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間密謀和精心策劃，炸毀了沈陽(yáng)北郊柳條湖附近的一段南滿(mǎn)鐵路，栽贓嫁禍于中國(guó)守軍，并借此突然襲擊了東北軍駐地北大營(yíng)和沈陽(yáng)城，隨即在幾天內(nèi)侵占20多座城市及其周?chē)膹V大地區(qū)。這就是震驚中外的九一八事變。在日軍侵略面前，國(guó)民黨政府置民族危機(jī)于不顧，仍集中力量進(jìn)行反共反人民的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，對(duì)日軍采取絕對(duì)不抵抗主義，命令東北軍撤至山海關(guān)內(nèi)。日軍在占領(lǐng)沈陽(yáng)后，接著分兵侵占吉林、黑龍江。1932年2月，東北三省全部淪陷。

九一八事變是日本政府長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)推行對(duì)華侵略擴(kuò)張政策的必然結(jié)果，是企圖變中國(guó)為其獨(dú)占殖民地而采取的重要步驟。九一八事變后，中華民族到了最危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)候，成為全國(guó)各族人民、各界人士的共識(shí)；將日本帝國(guó)主義驅(qū)逐出中國(guó)，成為中華兒女的心聲。各地人民紛紛要求抗日，反對(duì)國(guó)民黨政府的“不抵抗”政策。

在民族危機(jī)日益嚴(yán)重的形勢(shì)下，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨繼續(xù)舉起抗日的旗幟。在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和影響下，東北人民奮起抵抗，開(kāi)展抗日游擊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，涌現(xiàn)出東北抗日義勇軍等各種抗日武裝。1936年2月，東北各抗日部隊(duì)統(tǒng)一改編為東北抗日聯(lián)軍。1937年盧溝橋事變后，抗日聯(lián)軍團(tuán)結(jié)廣大群眾，進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展了廣泛持久的抗日武裝斗爭(zhēng)，有力地配合了中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的全國(guó)抗戰(zhàn)。