The Northern Expedition

After the first KMT-CPC cooperation was established, the CPC Central Committee decided in February 1926 that the Party's main task at the time was to move the revolutionary forces northward from coastal Guangdong Province. The following summer the KMT and the CPC decided to launch the Northern Expedition and wage a war against three notorious Northern Warlords – Wu Peifu, Sun Chuanfang (1885-1935) and Zhang Zuolin (1875-1928) – who were backed by the imperialists.

On July 9, the 100,000-strong National Revolutionary Army under the Guangzhou-based National Government launched the Northern Expedition. With widespread support, the revolutionary forces spread rapidly. They took Wuchang, a city in Hubei Province, on October 10 and defeated Wu Peifu's main forces. They seized Jiujiang and Nanchang, two cities in Jiangxi Province, in November and wiped out the main forces of Sun Chuanfang. A succession of warlords in Fujian, Zhejiang and other provinces surrendered.

The Northern Expedition was proposed by the CPC and launched as a movement against warlords and occupying imperialists. In the course of the expedition, the Chinese Communists made enormous contributions both by conducting political work in the army and mobilizing the workers and peasants.

Under the command of Ye Ting (1896-1946), a Communist and a prestigious general, the Independent Regiment, composing mainly of CPC members, served as the vanguard in the Fourth Army which was renowned as "Iron Troops."

However, at a critical moment of the Northern Expedition, Chiang Kai-shek, Wang Jingwei and other KMT right-wingers launched counter-revolutionary coups in Shanghai and Wuhan. Due to Chen Duxiu's Right opportunist errors, the CPC didn't take prompt actions to deal with such a sudden incident. As a result, Chiang Kai-shek seized control of the KMT and established his rule as a new warlord. The Northern Expedition thus ended in failure.

北伐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)

第一次國(guó)共合作建立后，1926年2月，中共中央明確指出黨在目前的主要任務(wù)是推動(dòng)廣東革命勢(shì)力向北發(fā)展。1926年夏，國(guó)共兩黨決定進(jìn)行北伐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，其直接打擊目標(biāo)是受帝國(guó)主義支持的北洋軍閥吳佩孚、孫傳芳、張作霖三派勢(shì)力。7月9日，廣東國(guó)民政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的國(guó)民革命軍10萬(wàn)人正式出師北伐。在各界民眾的支持下，北伐軍高歌猛進(jìn)，于10月10日攻占湖北武昌，全殲軍閥吳佩孚部主力；11月占領(lǐng)江西九江、南昌，并一舉殲滅軍閥孫傳芳部主力。福建、浙江等省的軍閥也紛紛倒向北伐軍。

北伐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨提出的反對(duì)帝國(guó)主義、反對(duì)封建軍閥的口號(hào)下進(jìn)行的。在北伐過(guò)程中，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人在軍隊(duì)、政治工作以及發(fā)動(dòng)工農(nóng)群眾方面作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。共產(chǎn)黨員葉挺領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的、以共產(chǎn)黨員為骨干組成的第四軍獨(dú)立團(tuán)，成為贏得“鐵軍”稱號(hào)的第四軍中的一支英勇善戰(zhàn)的先鋒部隊(duì)，葉挺也被譽(yù)為北伐名將。但是，正當(dāng)北伐軍向前發(fā)展的緊要關(guān)頭，蔣介石、汪精衛(wèi)等國(guó)民黨右派勢(shì)力先后在上海和武漢發(fā)動(dòng)反革命政變。同時(shí)，因受陳獨(dú)秀右傾機(jī)會(huì)主義錯(cuò)誤的影響，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨未能及時(shí)采取應(yīng)付突發(fā)事變的正確措施。結(jié)果，蔣介石反動(dòng)集團(tuán)竊取了革命果實(shí)，建立了新的軍閥統(tǒng)治，轟轟烈烈的北伐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以失敗告終。