Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era
Today, as China is undergoing extensive and profound social changes, it is also engaging in reform and innovation unique in human history. On the basis of its tremendous achievements since 1949, particularly since the late 1970s, China now stands at a new starting point, and Chinese socialism has entered a new era. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era was created and has developed in the course as the Chinese nation rose up, became prosperous, and grew strong.
Since the Party's 18th National Congress in 2012, the Central Committee with Xi Jinping (b. 1953) at its core has put forward a number of new concepts, new visions, and new strategies for governance and shown how socialism with Chinese characteristics should develop in the new era, thus giving shape to the thought.
The thought was first summarized at the Party's 19th National Congress in 2017, established as a long-term guiding thought of the CPC, and written into the Party's Constitution as an updated guiding thought. In March 2018 at the First Session of the 13th NPC, it was written into the Constitution of the PRC, thus turning the Party's guiding thought into that of the state and updating both.
Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era encompasses the overall goal, overarching task, overall plan, overall strategy, modes and driving forces of development, external conditions, and political guarantees. It provides theoretical analysis of and policy guidance to the economy, politics, rule of law, science and technology, culture, education, wellbeing, ethnic affairs, religious affairs, society, ecological conservation, national security, defense and the military, "one country, two systems" and China's reunification, the united front, foreign affairs, and Party development. The core of the thought is upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era makes the following eight priorities clear:
– It makes clear that the overarching task of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics is to realize socialist modernization and national rejuvenation, and that, on the basis of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, a two-step approach should be taken to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the century.
– It makes clear that the principal problem facing Chinese society in the new era is unbalanced and inadequate development holding back the people's ever-growing desire for a better life. We must therefore continue commitment to our people-centered philosophy of development and work to promote well-rounded human development and common prosperity for everyone.
– It makes clear that the overall plan for building socialism with Chinese characteristics is the Five-sphere Integrated Plan, and the overall strategy is the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy. It highlights the importance of fostering stronger confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
– It makes clear that the overall goal of continuing reform in every field is to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernize China's system and capacity for governance.
– It makes clear that the overall goal of comprehensively advancing law-based governance is to establish a system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics and build a country of socialist rule of law.
– It makes clear that the Party's goal of building a strong military in the new era is to build the people's armed forces into world-class forces that obey the Party's command, are able to fight and win, and maintain excellent conduct.
– It makes clear that major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics aims to foster a new form of international relations and build a community with a shared future for humanity.
– It makes clear that the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China; the greatest strength of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China; the Party is the paramount force for political leadership. It sets forth the general requirements for strengthening the Party in the new era and underlines the importance of the political element in internal governance of the Party.
The thought also emphasizes 14 points:
?Ensuring Party leadership over all work,
?Committing to a people-centered approach,
?Continuing to deepen reform in all respects,
?Adopting a new concept for development,
?Committing to the people's role as the masters of the country,
?Ensuring every dimension of governance is law-based,
?Upholding core socialist values,
?Ensuring and improving living standards through development,
?Ensuring harmony between human and nature,
?Pursuing a holistic approach to national security,
?Upholding absolute Party leadership over the people's armed forces,
?Upholding the principle of "one country, two systems" and promoting national reunification,
?Promoting the building of a community with a shared future for humanity, and
?Exercising full and strict self-governance of the Party.
The above eight priorities and 14 points are an integrated whole that sums up the CPC's experience in developing Chinese socialism. They mark a new height of the central leadership's understanding of the Party's governance, Chinese socialism, and social evolution.
Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era builds on and further enriches Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development. It represents the latest achievement in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and encapsulates the practical experience and collective wisdom of the CPC and the Chinese people. It is an important component of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and serves as the guide for promoting socialism in the new era and as an action program for all CPC members and the Chinese people as they strive to achieve national rejuvenation.
習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想
當代中國正經歷著歷史上最為廣泛而深刻的社會變革，也正在進行著人類歷史上最為宏大而獨特的實踐創(chuàng)新。在新中國成立以來特別是改革開放以來取得的重大成就基礎上，中國發(fā)展站到了新的歷史起點上，中國特色社會主義進入新時代。習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想，正是在中華民族迎來從站起來、富起來到強起來的偉大飛躍中創(chuàng)立并不斷豐富發(fā)展的。
2012年中共十八大以來，以習近平同志為核心的中共中央在系統(tǒng)回答“新時代堅持和發(fā)展什么樣的中國特色社會主義”這一重大時代課題中，提出一系列治國理政新理念新思想新戰(zhàn)略，形成了習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想。2017年10月，中共十九大概括和提出了習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想，將其確立為中國共產黨必須長期堅持的指導思想并寫進黨章，實現了黨的指導思想的與時俱進。2018年3月，十三屆全國人大一次會議將習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想載入憲法，實現了從黨的指導思想向國家指導思想的轉化，實現了國家指導思想的與時俱進。
習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想內涵十分豐富，包括新時代堅持和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義的總目標、總任務、總體布局、戰(zhàn)略布局和發(fā)展方式、發(fā)展動力、戰(zhàn)略步驟、外部條件、政治保證等方面的基本問題，并根據新的實踐對經濟、政治、法治、科技、文化、教育、民生、民族、宗教、社會、生態(tài)文明、國家安全、國防和軍隊、“一國兩制”和祖國統(tǒng)一、統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線、外交、黨的建設等各方面作出理論分析和政策指導。習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想的核心要義是堅持和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義，核心內容是中共十九大報告概括的“八個明確”和“十四個堅持”。
“八個明確”，就是明確堅持和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義，總任務是實現社會主義現代化和中華民族偉大復興，在全面建成小康社會的基礎上，分兩步走在本世紀中葉建成富強民主文明和諧美麗的社會主義現代化強國；明確新時代我國社會主要矛盾是人民日益增長的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的發(fā)展之間的矛盾，必須堅持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，不斷促進人的全面發(fā)展、全體人民共同富裕；明確中國特色社會主義事業(yè)總體布局是“五位一體”、戰(zhàn)略布局是“四個全面”，強調堅定道路自信、理論自信、制度自信、文化自信；明確全面深化改革總目標是完善和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義制度、推進國家治理體系和治理能力現代化；明確全面推進依法治國總目標是建設中國特色社會主義法治體系、建設社會主義法治國家；明確黨在新時代的強軍目標是建設一支聽黨指揮、能打勝仗、作風優(yōu)良的人民軍隊，把人民軍隊建設成為世界一流軍隊；明確中國特色大國外交要推動構建新型國際關系，推動構建人類命運共同體；明確中國特色社會主義最本質的特征是中國共產黨領導，中國特色社會主義制度的最大優(yōu)勢是中國共產黨領導，黨是最高政治領導力量，提出新時代黨的建設總要求，突出政治建設在黨的建設中的重要地位。
“十四個堅持”，就是堅持黨對一切工作的領導，堅持以人民為中心，堅持全面深化改革，堅持新發(fā)展理念，堅持人民當家作主，堅持全面依法治國，堅持社會主義核心價值體系，堅持在發(fā)展中保障和改善民生，堅持人與自然和諧，堅持總體國家安全觀，堅持黨對人民軍隊的絕對領導，堅持“一國兩制”和推進祖國統(tǒng)一，堅持推動構建人類命運共同體，堅持全面從嚴治黨。
“八個明確”和“十四個堅持”有機融合、有機統(tǒng)一，凝結著中國共產黨堅持和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義的寶貴經驗，反映了以習近平同志為核心的中共中央對中國特色社會主義規(guī)律性認識的深化、拓展、升華，體現了理論與實際相結合、認識論和方法論相統(tǒng)一的鮮明特色，使中國共產黨對共產黨執(zhí)政規(guī)律、社會主義建設規(guī)律、人類社會發(fā)展規(guī)律的認識達到了新高度。
習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想是對馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發(fā)展觀的繼承和發(fā)展，是馬克思主義中國化最新成果，是中國共產黨和中國人民實踐經驗和集體智慧的結晶，是中國特色社會主義理論體系的重要組成部分，是新時代堅持和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義、推進中國特色社會主義事業(yè)的基本遵循，是為實現中華民族偉大復興而奮斗的行動指南。
