Ecological Security System

National ecological security implies that a country has a complete set of ecosystems that are free from threat and support the country's survival and development, and that the country has a capacity to address major ecological issues. Ecological security involves homeland resources, water bodies, and environmental and biological security. It is both a goal for sustainable development and a dynamic system subject to constant development.

As an important component of national security, ecological security is the precondition for political, military and economic security, and affects public wellbeing, sustainable economic and social development, and long-term stability. It is one of the foundations of the entire national security system.

In 2000, the State Council issued the Program for National Eco-environmental Protection, setting the goal of ensuring national eco-environmental security. In December 2004, the Standing Committee of the 10th National People's Congress passed the revised Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste, which defined ensuring ecological security as one of the aims of the law.

Along with progress in building an eco-civilization, China has raised its understanding of ecological security. Presiding over the first meeting of the Central National Security Commission in April 2014, Xi Jinping emphasized the need to pursue a holistic approach to national security and build a national security system that integrates political, homeland, military, economic, cultural, social, science and technology, information, ecological, resource and nuclear security.

In October 2017, the report to the CPC's 19th National Congress reiterated the importance of ecological security. It pointed out that China must pursue a path of sustainable development based on increased production, higher living standards and healthy ecosystems. It must continue the Beautiful China initiative to create good working and living environments for the people, and play a part in ensuring global ecological security.

At the National Conference on Eco-environmental Protection in May 2018, Xi Jinping urged China to build an ecological security system prioritizing well-functioning ecosystems and effective control of environmental risks, which he listed as one of the five component systems of an eco-civilization.

Building an ecological security system is a complicated, arduous, and systematic project that requires lasting endeavors. It is a strategic measure to improve China's national security system.

生態(tài)安全體系

國(guó)家生態(tài)安全的基本內(nèi)涵是一國(guó)具有支撐國(guó)家生存發(fā)展的較為完整、不受威脅的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，以及應(yīng)對(duì)內(nèi)外重大生態(tài)問(wèn)題的能力。生態(tài)安全包含國(guó)土資源安全、水體安全、環(huán)境安全、生物安全等范疇，既是可持續(xù)發(fā)展所追求的目標(biāo)，又是一個(gè)不斷發(fā)展的動(dòng)態(tài)安全體系。生態(tài)安全作為國(guó)家安全的重要組成部分，是政治安全、軍事安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)安全的載體，關(guān)系人民群眾福祉、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和社會(huì)長(zhǎng)久穩(wěn)定，是國(guó)家安全體系的重要基石。

2000年，國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)布《全國(guó)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)綱要》，明確提出“維護(hù)國(guó)家生態(tài)環(huán)境安全”的目標(biāo)。2004年12月，第十屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)第十三次會(huì)議修訂通過(guò)《中華人民共和國(guó)固體廢物污染環(huán)境防治法》，將維護(hù)生態(tài)安全作為立法宗旨寫(xiě)進(jìn)了國(guó)家法律，使其作為一個(gè)法律概念得以確立。

隨著生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的深入，中國(guó)對(duì)生態(tài)安全的認(rèn)識(shí)提升到了一個(gè)新高度。2014年4月，習(xí)近平主持召開(kāi)中央國(guó)家安全委員會(huì)第一次會(huì)議強(qiáng)調(diào)，貫徹落實(shí)總體國(guó)家安全觀，構(gòu)建集政治安全、國(guó)土安全、軍事安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)安全、文化安全、社會(huì)安全、科技安全、信息安全、生態(tài)安全、資源安全、核安全等于一體的國(guó)家安全體系。2017年10月，中共十九大報(bào)告進(jìn)一步闡述了生態(tài)安全的重要性，指出要堅(jiān)定走生產(chǎn)發(fā)展、生活富裕、生態(tài)良好的文明發(fā)展道路，建設(shè)美麗中國(guó)，為人民創(chuàng)造良好生產(chǎn)生活環(huán)境，為全球生態(tài)安全作出貢獻(xiàn)。2018年5月，習(xí)近平在全國(guó)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)大會(huì)上提出加快建立健全以生態(tài)系統(tǒng)良性循環(huán)和環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有效防控為重點(diǎn)的生態(tài)安全體系，并將其納入生態(tài)文明建設(shè)“五個(gè)體系”。生態(tài)安全體系建設(shè)是一項(xiàng)具有長(zhǎng)期性、復(fù)雜性、艱難性的系統(tǒng)工程。加強(qiáng)生態(tài)安全體系建設(shè)是推進(jìn)國(guó)家安全體系建設(shè)的重要戰(zhàn)略舉措。