Water Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan

China's central authorities attach great importance to water pollution prevention and control. In April 2015, the State Council released the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. The document prioritized water conservation and aimed to bring about a balanced spatial configuration with provisions for systematic treatment. It required to have science-based treatment of different rivers and lakes and different regions of the sea, establish a new market-driven mechanism with government guidance, actions by enterprises, and public participation in water pollution control, and advance systematic water pollution prevention and control, water ecosystem protection, and water resource conservation.

The document listed 10 measures:

?controlling the discharge of pollutants across the board;

?transforming and upgrading the economic structure;

?conserving and protecting water resources;

?providing stronger technological support;

?giving full play to the market;

?reinforcing environment-related law enforcement and supervision;

?strengthening management of the water environment;

?ensuring water ecosystem security;

?clarifying responsibilities of all parties involved; and

?encouraging public participation and scrutiny.

In recent years, relevant government departments have joined the campaign to keep China's waters clear, and overall changes have taken place in the water ecosystem. The proportion of surface water with a quality rating of Grade III or better rose from 66 percent in 2015 to 83.4 percent in 2020, while the proportion of surface water worse than Grade V fell from 9.7 percent to 0.6 percent, and 98.2 percent of the 2,914 black, malodorous water bodies in cities at or above prefecture level had been eliminated. As a result, more people now have access to safe drinking water.

During the 14th Five-year Plan period (2021-2025), China will continue to work on water ecosystem protection and restoration, so that there will be clear waters, fish and aquatic plants in the rivers, and harmony between humanity and water. It will turn from pollution control to holistic treatment of the water ecosystem, environment, and resources, thus laying a sound foundation for a beautiful China.

水污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃

中共中央、國(guó)務(wù)院高度重視水污染防治工作。2015年4月，國(guó)務(wù)院印發(fā)《水污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“水十條”），以改善水環(huán)境質(zhì)量為核心，按照“節(jié)水優(yōu)先、空間均衡、系統(tǒng)治理、兩手發(fā)力”的原則，貫徹“安全、清潔、健康”方針，對(duì)江河湖海實(shí)施分流域、分區(qū)域、分階段科學(xué)治理，要求形成“政府統(tǒng)領(lǐng)、企業(yè)施治、市場(chǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)、公眾參與”的水污染防治新機(jī)制，系統(tǒng)推進(jìn)水污染防治、水生態(tài)保護(hù)和水資源管理。

《水污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》確定了十個(gè)方面的措施，即全面控制污染物排放；推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)；著力節(jié)約保護(hù)水資源；強(qiáng)化科技支撐；充分發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)機(jī)制作用；嚴(yán)格環(huán)境執(zhí)法監(jiān)管；切實(shí)加強(qiáng)水環(huán)境管理；全力保障水生態(tài)環(huán)境安全；明確和落實(shí)各方責(zé)任；強(qiáng)化公眾參與和社會(huì)監(jiān)督。

近年來(lái)，全國(guó)各級(jí)各部門(mén)持續(xù)開(kāi)展碧水保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)，水生態(tài)環(huán)境發(fā)生歷史性、轉(zhuǎn)折性、全局性變化。到2020年，全國(guó)地表水優(yōu)良水體比例由2015年的66%提高到83.4%，劣V類(lèi)水體比例由2015年的9.7%下降到0.6%，地級(jí)及以上城市2914個(gè)黑臭水體消除比例達(dá)到98.2%，人民群眾飲水安全建立了可靠保證?！笆奈濉睍r(shí)期，中國(guó)水生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)工作將以“有河有水、有魚(yú)有草、人水和諧”為工作目標(biāo)，以水生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)為核心，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)由污染治理為主向水生態(tài)、水環(huán)境、水資源等流域要素系統(tǒng)治理、統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)的轉(zhuǎn)變，為建設(shè)美麗中國(guó)奠定基礎(chǔ)。