揭秘上海世博會(huì)“隱身”科技看點(diǎn)
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| Tiny microchips in the 0.5 mm thin tickets use a technology called "radio frequency identification" to allow turnstiles to validate tickets without touching. |
??????? 在上海世博會(huì)充滿異國(guó)風(fēng)情的展館和園區(qū)背后，有許多不為人注目的高科技看點(diǎn)作為支持；正是這些“隱身”的科技確保了游客們安全便捷地參與這場(chǎng)千載難逢的盛事。
???????“心”在門(mén)票里跳動(dòng)
???????上海世博會(huì)主辦方預(yù)測(cè)，世博園區(qū)的日均客流量可能達(dá)到80萬(wàn)人次；傳統(tǒng)的人工檢票方式無(wú)法應(yīng)付這樣龐大的參觀人群。為了應(yīng)對(duì)如此龐大的客流量，同時(shí)做好防偽工作，主辦方將采用“射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)”，在0.5毫米厚的世博門(mén)票中安裝微型芯片，依靠自動(dòng)檢票門(mén)來(lái)識(shí)別門(mén)票。該技術(shù)于上世紀(jì)90年代在日本興起，屬于一種非接觸式的自動(dòng)識(shí)別技術(shù)。
???????類似的技術(shù)在超市及物流配送公司也有所應(yīng)用；然而專家表示，上海世博會(huì)將是有史以來(lái)最大規(guī)模的射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)應(yīng)用案例，這次盛會(huì)將大大推動(dòng)我國(guó)在該技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展。
???????垃圾在地底飛奔
???????人們?cè)谑啦﹫@中游覽的時(shí)候，就在他們的腳下，無(wú)數(shù)垃圾將以20米/秒的速度在地底飛奔。一套由地下管道、渦輪機(jī)和真空管組成的垃圾輸送系統(tǒng)能夠自動(dòng)將垃圾箱中的廢棄物吸入輸送管道并運(yùn)送到垃圾站。
???????當(dāng)垃圾箱中的廢棄物達(dá)到一定的臨界值時(shí)，中央控制系統(tǒng)會(huì)啟動(dòng)渦輪抽氣裝置，產(chǎn)生負(fù)壓氣流，將垃圾箱中的垃圾吸入輸送管道內(nèi)。所有廢棄物最終將被傳送至垃圾站，經(jīng)過(guò)分離、壓縮、過(guò)濾、凈化、除臭等過(guò)程后排到戶外。
???????水霧在腳下升騰
???????本屆世博會(huì)將經(jīng)歷上海夏季最炎熱的時(shí)候，因此主辦者想方設(shè)法為園區(qū)降溫，通過(guò)世博園區(qū)局地氣候調(diào)控工程，確保游覽者的舒適。
???????重要的展區(qū)和展館周?chē)及仓昧肆聋惖陌咨珎闩瘢B綿一片，為游客們遮擋烈日。
???????園區(qū)內(nèi)的建筑物廣泛地應(yīng)用了綠色環(huán)保建筑材料。地面鋪設(shè)材料則經(jīng)過(guò)特別改良，可以讓雨水迅速滲透進(jìn)地下滋養(yǎng)樹(shù)木，還能將地表溫度向地下散發(fā)，而非反射到大氣中。
???????水體降溫是世博園區(qū)主要的溫控技術(shù)。園內(nèi)的噴泉、水幕、水池和小河都能通過(guò)水分的蒸發(fā)帶走空氣中的熱量。在露天廣場(chǎng)，小型噴頭將水霧化成細(xì)小的顆粒散布在空氣中，起到良好的降溫效果。
Invisible high-tech wonders of the Shanghai Expo
The exotic pavilions and parks of the Shanghai Expo are supported by invisible high technologies that will ensure visitors enjoy the experience of a lifetime in safety and convenience.
Tickets with hearts
The organizers expect 800,000 people to visit the Expo every day – a number that traditional, manual ticket checking cannot handle. To cope with the huge numbers and filter out fake tickets, tiny microchips in the 0.5 mm thin tickets will use a technology called "radio frequency identification," developed in Japan in the 1990s, to allow turnstiles to validate tickets without touching.
Similar technology is used in supermarkets and by delivery and logistics firms, but experts say the Shanghai Expo will be the largest ever application of the technology and will boost innovation in the field.
Trash flies underground
While people walk around the Expo Park, beneath their feet trash will be flying underground at a speed of 20 meters per second. A system of tunnels, turbines and vacuum tubes has been devised to automatically suck trash from dustbins and deliver it to trash stations.
When the amount of trash in dustbins passes a defined threshold, a central control system will switch on turbines to cut air pressure in the tunnels and suck in the trash, which is then separated, compressed, filtered, purified, deodorized and ejected at a trash station.
Cool, clear water
As the Expo will take place at the height of Shanghai's sweltering summer, the organizers have made great efforts to keep the park cool. The Expo's weather adjustment project will ensure people enjoy their visit in comfort.
Stretches of beautiful white parasols in every major exhibition area and around pavilions will shield visitors from the burning sun.
Environmentally-friendly building materials have been used throughout. Specially modified road surface materials will let rainwater pass through to tree roots, and transmit heat underground instead of reflecting it back into the atmosphere.
The Expo's temperature reduction technology relies mainly on water. Springs, water curtains, pools and brooks in the park will cool the air by evaporation. And in open spaces, ultra-fine water particles will be sprayed into the air to cool visitors down.
(China.org.cn translated by Ren Zhongxi, May 10, 2010)
