| Production is at bottom of the food chain in the modern division of labor. Globalization allows multinationals to focus on product development and marketing while outsourcing the messy business of making things to contract manufacturers in the developing world. |
在現(xiàn)代分工中，制造業(yè)位于“食物鏈”的最底端。全球化使得跨國(guó)公司得以專注于產(chǎn)品開發(fā)和市場(chǎng)拓展，而把產(chǎn)品制造這一環(huán)節(jié)外包給發(fā)展中國(guó)家。 |
| Your Hewlett Packard computer may have been manufactured in the same factory as your friend's Fujitsu. Quite likely the factory is in the southern Chinese province of Guangdong and owned by a Taiwan, Hong Kong or South Korean company. The workers are probably recent migrants from the countryside and the majority will be women living in factory dormitories. |
也許，你用的惠普電腦和你朋友的富士通筆記本都是由一家工廠生產(chǎn)的，而這家工廠很可能是一個(gè)臺(tái)灣、香港或是韓國(guó)老板在中國(guó)南方的廣東開設(shè)的。工人則可能剛剛離開農(nóng)村來到這里，大部分是女工，她們住在工廠的宿舍。 |
| Off-shoring is controversial. Unions in developed countries protest job losses and pressure groups accuse multinationals of exploiting third world workforces. Labor rights controversies have helped create a massive Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) industry as companies answer critics of their ever more convoluted supply chains. |
離岸生產(chǎn)存在爭(zhēng)議。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的工會(huì)組織認(rèn)為這樣導(dǎo)致了本國(guó)的失業(yè)，游說集團(tuán)則指責(zé)跨國(guó)公司壓榨第三世界的勞動(dòng)力。跨國(guó)公司在回?fù)敉饨缗u(píng)他們的供應(yīng)鏈日趨復(fù)雜的同時(shí)，也催生了一個(gè)龐大的企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任產(chǎn)業(yè)。 |
| Critics see CSR programs as window dressing – a subset of public relations and advertising. CSR practitioners on the other hand, are almost by definition masters of spin and presentation. It is difficult to find a balanced view. |
批評(píng)者認(rèn)為企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任項(xiàng)目只是擺設(shè)而已，是公共關(guān)系和宣傳的輔助工具。另一方面，企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任從業(yè)者就定義而言幾乎就是操縱語言和自我展示的大師。找到一個(gè)平衡的觀點(diǎn)的確很難。 |
| But a small but growing group of labor activists operating on China's mainland, some based in Hong Kong, have moved beyond criticism to action and are using CSR programs as a lever to improve working conditions and, increasingly, to raise workers' awareness of their rights. |
然而，一個(gè)由勞動(dòng)權(quán)益倡導(dǎo)者組成的小團(tuán)體在中國(guó)大陸逐漸壯大，其中一些人來自香港。這個(gè)團(tuán)體已經(jīng)從口誅筆伐轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)嶋H行動(dòng)，把企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任項(xiàng)目作為改善工作條件的施壓手段和逐步提高勞動(dòng)者權(quán)益意識(shí)的工具。 |
| Jenny Chan of SACOM (Students and Scholars against Corporate Misbehavior), a Hong Kong-based pressure group, is celebrating what she sees as a significant victory. Over the past year, two major contract manufacturers in the Guangdong city of Dongguan have invited radical Hong Kong-based NGOs to conduct innovative training courses on workers rights including coaching workers in how to raise grievances with management. |
Jenny Chan是一個(gè)來自香港的游說團(tuán)體大學(xué)師生監(jiān)察無良企業(yè)行動(dòng)（SACOM）的成員。她為自己所取得的重大勝利感到由衷的高興。在過去一年，東莞的兩家大型代工工廠邀請(qǐng)激進(jìn)的香港非政府組織開展勞動(dòng)者權(quán)益培訓(xùn)，包括教育工人如何表達(dá)對(duì)管理的不滿。 |
| "This is a new worker-centered model of Corporate Social Responsibility, which involves joint monitoring of conditions in the workplace through empowerment of the workers themselves," says Chan. |
Chan說，這是一種新型的以工人為中心的企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任模型，涵蓋通過賦予工人權(quán)利來共同監(jiān)督工作條件。 |
| At Taiwan-owned Delta Electronics, the Hong Kong-based Labor Education and Service Network (LESN) provided labor rights training to more than 1,500 workers between March and June 2009. Each worker was given a booklet explaining China's labor laws and the Electronics Industry Code of Conduct – an international standard adhered to by many employers in the industry. |
在一家叫Delta的臺(tái)資電子公司，來自香港的勞動(dòng)教育和服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(LESN)于今年3月至6月期間為1500多名工人提供勞動(dòng)者權(quán)益培訓(xùn)。培訓(xùn)人員把一本小冊(cè)子交到每名員工手里，里面闡釋了中國(guó)勞動(dòng)法，并介紹了為眾多電子行業(yè)雇主所遵守的國(guó)際產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)范。 |
![Dongguan's central business district shows off its bright lights. Dongguan, which has a population of 7 million and is 100 kilometers from Hong Kong, owes much of its prosperity to contract manufacturing for major brands and multinationals. [File photo]](http://images.china.cn/attachement/jpg/site1007/20091029/0011432100f50c53b75e0a.jpg "Dongguan's central business district shows off its bright lights. Dongguan, which has a population of 7 million and is 100 kilometers from Hong Kong, owes much of its prosperity to contract manufacturing for major brands and multinationals. [File photo]")
