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口譯考試之漢譯英的五大技巧

       下面我們?cè)賮矸治稣骖}中的幾個(gè)句子:

       例. 不同社會(huì)制度和文化傳統(tǒng)的國(guó)家,只要以各國(guó)人民的根本利益為重,彼此尊重,相互包容,就完全能夠超越意識(shí)形態(tài)差別,在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則基礎(chǔ)上共同發(fā)展。(高口)

       Countries with different social systems and cultural traditions can transcend ideological differences and enjoy common development on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence provided that they give priority to their people's fundamental interests and respect and tolerate each other.

       這里的參考譯文中用了provided that…巧妙地把“只要……相互包容”譯成了條件句,譯文連貫自然。但在實(shí)際的考試過程中,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)很多考生理不清分句之間的關(guān)系,更不用說調(diào)整語(yǔ)序了。其實(shí),在口譯考試過程中,要調(diào)整語(yǔ)序的話,一定是不得已而為之的事,筆者不建議考生在考試的時(shí)候調(diào)整語(yǔ)序,盡量順著原句的語(yǔ)序說下來,適當(dāng)斷句,這樣是最節(jié)省“腦力”的方法。

       所以,這個(gè)長(zhǎng)句可以改譯成:

       Countries with different social systems and cultural traditions must give priority to their people's fundamental interests and respect and tolerate each other. Finally, those countries can transcend ideological differences and enjoy common development on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.

當(dāng)然,改譯后的句子恐怕讓原句的連貫性受到一些干擾,但這也是沒要辦法的事,在口譯中追求完美是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。

       例. Chinese communities are thriving in many American urban centers, and their reputation as a model minority has aroused further interest in this distant land, which is so vastly different. (中口)

       許多美國(guó)城市的華人社區(qū)一片繁榮,并且享有模范少數(shù)民族的美譽(yù),這讓美國(guó)人對(duì)這個(gè)和他們的文化大相徑庭的遙遠(yuǎn)國(guó)度產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。

       參考譯文中,把最后的定語(yǔ)從句前置了,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)很多考生其實(shí)并不具備在短時(shí)間內(nèi)聽出定語(yǔ)從句,并完美翻譯出來的能力。所以,在這里比較省事的方法恐怕是把這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句和主句斷開。

       這句話可改譯成:許多美國(guó)城市的華人社區(qū)一片繁榮,并且享有模范少數(shù)民族的美譽(yù),這讓美國(guó)人對(duì)這個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)過度產(chǎn)生了濃厚興趣。然而,他們的文化卻大相徑庭。

       口譯技巧之四:重復(fù)

       筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)在記者招待會(huì)的口譯中,口譯員頻頻使用的技巧之一就是重復(fù),這對(duì)于各位考生朋友來說非常值得借鑒。

       就拿2008年3月溫總理的記者招待會(huì)的口譯為例:

       例1. [溫家寶] 我們不僅有能力維護(hù)西藏的穩(wěn)定和正常的社會(huì)秩序,而且要繼續(xù)支持西藏的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步,提高西藏各族人民的生活,保護(hù)西藏的文化和生態(tài)環(huán)境。這個(gè)立場(chǎng)是不會(huì)動(dòng)搖的。

       We are fully capable of maintaining stability and the normal public order in Tibet and at the same time we will continue to support the effort of Tibet to develop the economy and make social progress. We will continue to help Tibet to improve the livelihood of people of all ethnic groups and we will continue to support the efforts to protect the cultural and natural environment in Tibet. We will never waver in this position.

       例2. [溫家寶] 我們之所以反對(duì)“入聯(lián)公投”,就是因?yàn)槿绻@樣一些主張得逞的話,它將改變臺(tái)灣和大陸同屬于一個(gè)中國(guó)的現(xiàn)狀,勢(shì)必沖擊兩岸關(guān)系,勢(shì)必危害兩岸人民的根本利益,勢(shì)必造成臺(tái)海局勢(shì)的緊張,破壞臺(tái)海和平以至亞太地區(qū)的和平。

       We are opposed to the so-called referendum scheme for Taiwan's membership in the United Nations because we believe that if such scheme should succeed, it would deny the reality that both Taiwan and mainland belong to one and the same China. And that will deal a serious blow to cross-straits relations. That will harm the fundamental interests of people on both sides. That will cause tension in the Taiwan Straits and that will threaten the peace in the Taiwan Straits and peace in the Asia-Pacific region at large.

       例3. [溫家寶] 但是只要中印雙方都抱有誠(chéng)意,本著平等相待、互諒互讓的原則,我想解決邊界問題的談判會(huì)有新的進(jìn)展。

       I would like to say that as long as China and India have the sincerity in resolving the issue, as long as we approach the issue on the basis of equality, mutual benefits and mutual accommodation, new progress will be made in the negotiations.

       各位考生朋友不難發(fā)現(xiàn),筆者劃線的部分都是重復(fù)的部分,例1和例2中,譯員重復(fù)了主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)部分,例3重復(fù)了連接詞as long as。在整個(gè)記者招待會(huì)的口譯中,這樣的重復(fù)可以說是比比皆是,此外,還有主語(yǔ)、不定式、介詞詞組的重復(fù)等,這里不再一一列舉。這和我們上一次講到的“簡(jiǎn)單句和斷句”技巧也是相通的。

       重復(fù)的好處就在于:

       1. 增加思考的時(shí)間。筆者看到很多考生在口譯的時(shí)候結(jié)結(jié)巴巴,口譯中最忌諱的就是停頓,這樣不僅會(huì)給考官留下不好的印象,而且也會(huì)讓自己失去信心,所以考生們不妨借鑒國(guó)家級(jí)譯員的這種做法,利用重復(fù)的時(shí)間來思考下面的譯文。

       2. 讓語(yǔ)言保持連貫??谧g的時(shí)候,譯員往往不輕易變動(dòng)原句的語(yǔ)序,因?yàn)楦膭?dòng)語(yǔ)序會(huì)耗費(fèi)更多的腦力。既然語(yǔ)序不輕易變動(dòng),那么譯文的連貫就是一個(gè)問題,這個(gè)時(shí)候,“重復(fù)”就是一個(gè)非常好的解決問題的辦法。

       3. 讓語(yǔ)言表達(dá)更清楚易懂。設(shè)想我們?cè)谧龉P譯的話,肯定不會(huì)有這么多的重復(fù),過多的重復(fù)會(huì)讓人覺得啰嗦。而在口譯中,重復(fù)卻可以讓聽的人快速而又輕松的明白譯文,這是由口譯的特點(diǎn)決定的,因?yàn)榭谧g的時(shí)候,信息輸入的方式是耳朵。其實(shí),這也給各位考生一個(gè)啟示,口譯考試的時(shí)候,關(guān)鍵不在于你用多么出彩的句型,而在于你要讓考官聽清楚你要表達(dá)的意思。

       口譯技巧之五:難詞猜測(cè)

       在口譯考試中碰到生詞可以說是必然的,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)在考試中很多考生因?yàn)橐粌蓚€(gè)生詞而放棄了考試??忌笥褌儗?duì)于生詞一定要有正確的看法,口譯主要是翻譯意思,并不是十分注重細(xì)節(jié),如果生詞是形容詞、副詞,不翻譯問題也不是太大,即使是關(guān)系句子意思的一些詞,我們也可以通過上下文進(jìn)行推測(cè),考生們要切忌聽到生詞就停頓下來思考,這個(gè)時(shí)候,仔細(xì)聽下面的內(nèi)容其實(shí)更重要。

       請(qǐng)看下面一例:

       例. Our high schools are obsolete and out-of-dated. By "obsolete", I don't just mean that they are broken, old-fashioned and under-funded.

       這是中級(jí)口譯考試中的一句話,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)考試的時(shí)候,很多考生對(duì)obsolete這個(gè)詞比較陌生,其實(shí)這個(gè)詞的意思通過上下文就能猜出來,這句話中obsolete的近義詞有out-of-dated, broken, old-fashioned,所以obsolete這個(gè)詞就可以譯成“陳舊的”、“過時(shí)的”。

       例. I am very happy to meet with so many scholars at this annual astrobiology conference in the beautiful city of Boston, Massachusetts.

       這句中的astrobiology是個(gè)難點(diǎn),我們可以從構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)出它的意思,astro-表示“外太空的”,biology 表示“生物學(xué)”,所以整個(gè)詞連起來,譯成“外太空生物學(xué)”或“天體生物學(xué)”,考生們猜出這個(gè)詞的意思并不困難。

       (來源:騰訊外語(yǔ) 作者:李程)

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