李克強(qiáng)在中國(guó)工會(huì)第十六次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)上的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)報(bào)告（全文）
Li Keqiang's report on the economic situation at the 16th National Congress of ACFTU
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編者按：10月21日，中共中央政治局常委、國(guó)務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)應(yīng)邀在中國(guó)工會(huì)第十六次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)上作了經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)報(bào)告。報(bào)告深刻分析和闡述了我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，闡釋了我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展趨勢(shì)?；趥€(gè)人在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的研究與分析，李克強(qiáng)用平實(shí)直白的語(yǔ)言，深入淺出地將中國(guó)的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)娓娓道來(lái)，其中不乏形象生動(dòng)的比喻和風(fēng)趣的表達(dá)。以下是報(bào)告全文： |
Editor's note: On October 21, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered a report at the 16th National Congress of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU). In his report, Li expressed his concerns about China's economy and mid to long term trends. He spoke about China's macro-economy, based on his research and analysis, using simple language and anecdotes. The full text of the report is as follows: |
| 同志們，首先我代表黨中央、國(guó)務(wù)院，向中國(guó)工會(huì)十六大的成功召開和選出新一屆領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)表示熱烈祝賀，向我國(guó)億萬(wàn)職工和廣大工會(huì)干部致以誠(chéng)摯問(wèn)候，向中國(guó)工人階級(jí)表示崇高敬意！我國(guó)工人階級(jí)是發(fā)展的主力軍，大家對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)、走勢(shì)都很關(guān)心，應(yīng)大會(huì)邀請(qǐng)，我今天主要講三個(gè)問(wèn)題。 | Comrades, first of all, on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council, I would like to offer congratulations on the opening of the 16th National Congress of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU), in which the new leaders were elected. I offer my regards to the millions of employees and the officials working in the trade unions and my highest respect to the workers of China, who are the major force behind China's development. At the request of the conference, I would like to take this opportunity today to talk about three major issues, as you are all very concerned about China's economic situation. |
| 一、關(guān)于我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展形勢(shì) | First, China's economic development trend |
| 如何看待當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，需要放在國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)大環(huán)境中來(lái)透視。新一屆政府成立以來(lái)，我們面臨著錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)。突出特點(diǎn)是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇乏力，主要發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體增長(zhǎng)低迷，好的增長(zhǎng)1%多一點(diǎn)，差一些的就負(fù)增長(zhǎng)了；發(fā)展中國(guó)家和新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體中體量比較大的幾個(gè)，增速普遍不超過(guò)2%，個(gè)別好的也不超過(guò)5%。2010年，我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)是兩位數(shù)，達(dá)到10.4%，但到去年四季度，因?yàn)閲?guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)多重復(fù)雜因素交織影響，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率只有7.8%，今年繼續(xù)下行，一季度是7.7%，二季度是7.5%。我為什么上來(lái)要跟大家講GDP呢？同志們可能會(huì)問(wèn)，說(shuō)我們不能片面強(qiáng)調(diào)GDP。這個(gè)話說(shuō)得不錯(cuò)，但我們畢竟是發(fā)展中國(guó)家，發(fā)展還是我國(guó)解決一切問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)和關(guān)鍵。更重要的是，我們關(guān)注GDP，其實(shí)關(guān)注的是就業(yè)。過(guò)去，我國(guó)GDP每增長(zhǎng)1個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，就會(huì)拉動(dòng)大約100萬(wàn)人就業(yè)。經(jīng)過(guò)這幾年經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整，尤其是隨著服務(wù)業(yè)的加快發(fā)展，目前大概GDP增長(zhǎng)1個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，能夠拉動(dòng)130萬(wàn)、甚至150萬(wàn)人就業(yè)。我請(qǐng)人力資源和社會(huì)保障部和有關(guān)方面反復(fù)測(cè)算，都認(rèn)為要保證新增就業(yè)1000萬(wàn)人、城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率在4%左右，需要7.2%的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。我們之所以要穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)，說(shuō)到底就是為了保就業(yè)。 | The current economic situation should be viewed as part of the global economic environment. Since the newly elected government took office, we have encountered a complicated environment both in China and abroad. The world economy is sluggish, growth in developed economies declining, it is at best only around 1 percent and at worst there is negative growth. Several of the largest developing and emerging economies have grown no more than 2 percent, with only a few hitting nearly 5 percent. In 2010, we obtained two-digit growth, reaching 10.4 percent. However, in the fourth quarter of last year, because of multiple complexities, growth decreased to 7.8 percent, and it continued to fall to 7.7 percent in the first quarter this year, and 7.5 percent in the second quarter. Why am I talking about Gross Domestic Product (GDP) first? You will probably say we should not focus single-mindedly on GDP. This is true. But we are still a developing country and development is the key and the basis for us to solve all our problems. More importantly, when we focus on GDP, we are actually focusing on employment. We once increased employment by 1 million people for every percent of GDP growth. Due to the economic restructuring in the past few years and the accelerated development of tertiary industry, every one percent of GDP growth has created 1.3 million to 1.5 million job opportunities. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and relevant departments calculated the statistics more than once, on my request. They said that if we are to ensure that 10 million job vacancies are created and registered unemployment remains at about 4 percent in cities and towns, we need about 7.2 percent GDP growth. We need stable growth in order to create employment. |
| 面對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)下行的壓力，怎么辦？要穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)、保就業(yè)，我們有兩種選擇。一種選擇是擴(kuò)大財(cái)政赤字，增加貨幣供應(yīng)量。通過(guò)打赤字、發(fā)票子來(lái)帶動(dòng)投資，這樣做，雖然當(dāng)年可能能見效，但需要財(cái)政、貨幣政策有相應(yīng)的運(yùn)作空間，更重要的是這種短期刺激政策難以持續(xù)。因?yàn)槲覀兊某嘧致室呀?jīng)達(dá)到2.1%了。這是什么概念呢？歐盟定了一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，就是赤字不能超過(guò)GDP的3%，當(dāng)然后來(lái)很多成員國(guó)沒有遵守，超過(guò)了。結(jié)果大家都知道，出現(xiàn)了歐債危機(jī)，從前幾年一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，一些國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)無(wú)力甚至下降、失業(yè)率大增，原有的福利也無(wú)法保障。就貨幣來(lái)說(shuō)，我們的廣義貨幣供應(yīng)量M2的余額3月末超過(guò)了100萬(wàn)億元，已經(jīng)是GDP的兩倍了。換句話說(shuō)，就是“池子”里的貨幣已經(jīng)很多了，再多發(fā)票子就有可能導(dǎo)致通貨膨脹。大家都知道，惡性通貨膨脹，不僅干擾或者說(shuō)破壞市場(chǎng)，而且會(huì)給人民生活帶來(lái)巨大的副作用和壓力，甚至造成人心惶惶。 | How, then, should we deal with the declining economy? We have two options to maintain economic growth and sustainable employment. One is to increase the fiscal deficit and expand the money supply. This might be effective in a particular year, but fiscal and monetary policies need to work together. Short term stimulus policies cannot be sustained. Our deficits have already reached 2.1 percent. What does that mean? Look at the European Union. It passed regulation to prevent deficits from exceeding 3 percent of GDP. However, many countries did not conform to the rule and their deficits went above the warning line. You all know the consequence: the European debt crisis broke out and has lasted for several years. The economies in some countries have been in continuous decline. Unemployment is growing and the welfare is often not fulfilled. In terms of currency, the outstanding broad money supply (M2) in our country by the end of this March has exceeded 100 trillion yuan, twice as much as our GDP. In other words, there is enough money in the pool. Had it increased any more, inflation would probably also have increased. You all know that hyper-inflation would not only destroy the market, but also have huge negative impact, put pressure on people's lives, and even cause a panic among people. |
| 第二種選擇，就是堅(jiān)持不擴(kuò)大赤字，既不放松也不收緊銀根。這就需要我們保持定力、穩(wěn)定政策。那么有的同志可能會(huì)說(shuō)，這樣做是不是不作為了，只要站住不動(dòng)就行了？那不行，你要不動(dòng)，就像騎自行車一樣，停在那里晃兩圈兒，沒準(zhǔn)兒就摔下來(lái)了。所以還得動(dòng)，要穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)，這是中央確定的工作總基調(diào)。還必須穩(wěn)中有為。怎樣穩(wěn)中有為？那就要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控思路和方式，根據(jù)形勢(shì)變化，采取有效的、有針對(duì)性的措施。我們重點(diǎn)做了這幾個(gè)方面工作。 | The second option is to carry on without expanding the deficit and neither loosen or tighten monetary policy. This requires us to maintain sustainable policies. Some of you will say, does this mean doing nothing and just standing where we are? We can't do that. If you don't move ahead, you will be like a cyclist. If he stops, he will sway several times and may fall off. So we have to move ahead, to move forward while maintaining stability, and that is the fundamental point that has been made by the central government. How can we move ahead while maintaining stability? We need to be innovative in our macroeconomic control, taking effective and focused measures according to the changing situation. To do this, we have focused on the following areas: |
| 第一，深處著力。努力釋放改革的巨大紅利。同志們還記得，從十八屆二中全會(huì)到今年全國(guó)兩會(huì)，我們提出簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)，既要精簡(jiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)，更要轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，這里面大有文章可做。大家都知道，有所謂“兩只手”，看不見的是市場(chǎng)的手，看得見的手是政府的手。社會(huì)上有人說(shuō)，政府“看得見的手”變成了“閑不住的手”，干什么事都要去報(bào)批。你們可能從電視上看過(guò)，有人曾經(jīng)畫了一張叫做審批的“萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)征圖”，多的時(shí)候要蓋一百多個(gè)章才能辦成一件事，再加上各種檢查收費(fèi)，創(chuàng)業(yè)者不堪重負(fù)。有一位部長(zhǎng)告訴我，說(shuō)他接到一個(gè)投訴信，一個(gè)在北京讀書的大學(xué)生，畢業(yè)以后回家，到中部地區(qū)的一個(gè)小縣城，他想自主創(chuàng)業(yè)。干什么呢？他覺得這個(gè)縣城里面要增加點(diǎn)文化氛圍，就想辦一個(gè)書店，從父母和親屬那里借了20多萬(wàn)元，結(jié)果跑了三、四個(gè)月，蓋了幾十個(gè)公章，總算跑下來(lái)。好不容易租了店鋪，然后就開始被檢查了。有的執(zhí)法人員進(jìn)去看，說(shuō)你這個(gè)店玻璃顏色不對(duì)，照到街面上光污染，你得改。要辦書店的年輕人說(shuō)我已經(jīng)沒錢了，執(zhí)法人員說(shuō)沒錢也行，給書吧，就摸了幾十本書走了。那他書里是不是有什么“打黃掃非”方面的問(wèn)題呀？沒有。實(shí)際上，人家辦的是一個(gè)社科書店，主要是教材，還真沒這方面問(wèn)題。到最后，這個(gè)大學(xué)生實(shí)在是經(jīng)不起檢查，只好“關(guān)門大吉”。我說(shuō)經(jīng)不起檢查，不是書經(jīng)不起檢查，而是經(jīng)不起各種人員的反復(fù)檢查。他一氣之下給部長(zhǎng)寫了封投訴信，部里派人下去查，還果真如此。大家想想看，我們?cè)诒M力為各地城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)、創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)造條件，而各種審批、檢查顯然把人民群眾這種創(chuàng)業(yè)的熱情給抑制了。所以我們下決心減少行政審批，這半年多來(lái)，中央政府下大氣力已經(jīng)取消和下放221項(xiàng)審批事項(xiàng)。簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)的政策，向社會(huì)、向市場(chǎng)釋放了一個(gè)非常積極的信號(hào)，就是鼓勵(lì)大家就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)。前兩天我要了工商登記機(jī)關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)，今年第三季度，全國(guó)新設(shè)市場(chǎng)主體同比增長(zhǎng)了18%，其中民營(yíng)企業(yè)數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)了31%，和前些年相比較，呈現(xiàn)一種迸發(fā)式的增長(zhǎng)，改革的成效是明顯的。所以我們把轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能作為改革的突破口。建立中國(guó)（上海）自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)，其中重要方面也是簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)，探索負(fù)面清單管理模式，政府放開該放的、管住該管的。 | Firstly, we have struck deep and have endeavored to release huge dividends from reform. Comrades, you may still remember, from the Second Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee (Feb. 26) to the National People's Congress (Mar. 5-17) and Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (Mar. 3-12) held this year, we have put forward simplifying governance and decentralizing power. This means both downsizing the government and transforming its functions – and there is huge potential in both areas. As you know, there are the so-called "two hands" – the invisible hand is the market and the visible one is the government. Some people say that the government's "visible hand" has become a "restless hand," because all business has to be approved. You may have seen on the television that someone drew a "Long March Map" of administrative processes, saying that it can take more than 100 official seals to approve a business. On top of that, various inspections and fees have overwhelmed start-up businessmen. One minister told me that he once got a complaint letter, saying that a young man, after he graduated from university in Beijing and returned home, wanted to start his own business in a county town in central China. Considering the various proposals, he chose to open a bookstore in a bid to improve the cultural atmosphere of the county. After borrowing more than 20,000 yuan from his parents and relatives, he spent three or four months getting dozens of papers stamped with official seals, which was necessary to get the license. Not long after he rented a place, inspectors came. A batch of law enforcement officers went in, and said the shop's window glass was the wrong color, as the reflection would cause "light pollution" in the street, and told him to fix it. The young man replied saying he was out of money. The law enforcement officers then offered to take books instead of money, and went away with dozens of books. Did the books contain any adult or illegal content? No. In fact, his was a social science bookstore. Most of his stock was textbooks and he had no problems in this area. Eventually, the graduate could not afford the inspections and chose to close down the store. In my opinion, it was not that his books could not pass the inspections, but that he could not afford to have the inspectors come so frequently. Feeling aggrieved, he wrote a complaint letter, and the ministry sent people to investigate the matter and found that his complaints were true. Think about it. While we are doing our best to create new jobs and facilitate entrepreneurship, numerous approval procedures and inspections are destroying people's enthusiasm for starting their own business. This is why we are determined to simply administrative approval processes. Over the past six months, the central government has put in a huge effort in abolishing or decentralizing 221 administrative approval processes. Simplifying governance and decentralizing power has sent a positive signal to society and the market, which will encourage people to obtain employment or start their own businesses. The other day I checked the business registration authority's data. In the third quarter of this year, the number of new market players increased by 18 percent year-on-year, and private business went up by 31 percent. This is explosive growth compared with previous years, showing that the reform has had a remarkable effect. In light of this, we have taken transforming the government's functions as an entry point for reform. The China (Shanghai) Free Trade Pilot Zone were established with one vital aim for simplifying governance, decentralizing power and exploring a new approach in negative list management. The government should let go of what should be let go and control what should be controlled. |
| 當(dāng)然，改革不光是要轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，我們得想更多辦法。因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展總是需要財(cái)力的，在財(cái)政增收困難的情況下，我們就想辦法盤活存量。怎么把存量盤活？我們提出來(lái)，要讓人民過(guò)好日子，政府就要過(guò)緊日子。中央有“八項(xiàng)規(guī)定”，政府明確提出“約法三章”，要從“三公”經(jīng)費(fèi)上“開刀”。今年從中央機(jī)關(guān)開始做，行政經(jīng)費(fèi)砍了5%。這樣就騰出來(lái)一些錢，干什么？其中一項(xiàng)是給小微企業(yè)減稅，2萬(wàn)元以下小微企業(yè)增值稅、營(yíng)業(yè)稅免了。涉及到多少人呢？涉及到600萬(wàn)戶、上千萬(wàn)就業(yè)人員。 | Of course, reform means more than transforming government functions. We have to come up with more solutions. As economic development always requires the financing to support it, in times of difficulty, we have to liquidize existing assets. How do we do this? We agree that the government should carry out an austerity plan if we want people to live a comfortable life. The CPC's central authorities have put forward the "eight rules" on frugality, while the government has also drawn up the "three agreements," to cut public expenditures. Central government agencies took the lead and took a 5 percent cut in their administrative expenses. In this way, we have freed up some money. One part of the savings is being used to fund micro and small businesses by giving them tax cuts. Businesses whose revenue is under 20 thousand yuan are exempt from value-added tax and business tax. This involves 6 million businesses with up to 10 million people. |
| 同時(shí)，我們還改革投資體制。這次機(jī)構(gòu)改革，把鐵道部撤銷了，改成了鐵路總公司。鐵路職工200多萬(wàn)人，為國(guó)家、為人民、為乘客做出的貢獻(xiàn)是巨大的、不可替代的。但是，由于原來(lái)的鐵道部是政府組成部門，政企不分，實(shí)際上導(dǎo)致融資困難，只能靠財(cái)政給錢，靠國(guó)家信用去發(fā)債，結(jié)果這兩年鐵路建設(shè)步伐在放慢。那怎么辦？我們國(guó)家到現(xiàn)在鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)總里程只有10萬(wàn)公里，美國(guó)是25-27萬(wàn)公里，如果跟發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比，我們的人均鐵路里程很少。應(yīng)該說(shuō)，鐵路發(fā)展特別是中西部地區(qū)鐵路發(fā)展，還有很大的潛力，所以我們下決心把鐵道部變成鐵路總公司，既實(shí)現(xiàn)了政企分開，也使鐵路作為企業(yè)可以在更大范圍內(nèi)融資，讓社會(huì)資本進(jìn)入。當(dāng)然要保證鐵路的運(yùn)行安全、國(guó)家的安全。修鐵路是有回報(bào)的，有很多社會(huì)資本愿意進(jìn)來(lái)，要搭建平臺(tái)、創(chuàng)造條件，加速鐵路在薄弱地區(qū)的發(fā)展。 | At the same time, we have reformed the investment system. During this round of institutional reform, we dissolved the Ministry of Railways, changing it to China Railway Corporation. More than two million people worked on the railways. Their contributions to the country and people are so big they are not replaceable. But as the former Ministry of Railways was a government agency with no clear distinction between the functions of the government and enterprises, it had financing difficulties. It had to rely on state financing and the country's sovereign credit to issue bonds – resulting in a slowdown in railway development in recent years. So what should we do? China's railway mileage is only 100,000 km; by contrast, the United States has 250,000-270,000 km. Our railway mileage per capita is also meager compared with developed countries. It is fairly to say there is still great potential for railway development in China, especially in the central and western regions. This is why we were determined to transform the Ministry of Railways into China Railway Corporation. This has separated the functions of the government and enterprises, and enabled railway authorities to gain finance on a larger scale, effectively letting social capital in. Certainly we have to ensure the safety of railways and that of the country. For the returns on building railways, there is a lot of social capital willing to join in the ventures. We need to build a platform and create the conditions to speed up railway development in less developed regions. |
| 但是，同志們，按照第二種選擇來(lái)做，也不是說(shuō)沒有壓力。在座的大家可能也聽說(shuō)過(guò)有所謂的“錢荒”，這就是6月份的時(shí)候，銀行間的隔夜拆借率曾一下到了13%，那是高得不得了，平常也就是3%多一點(diǎn)。所以當(dāng)時(shí)外界有說(shuō)法，“中國(guó)銀行間出現(xiàn)了債務(wù)違約、頭寸緊張”，這就是所謂“錢荒”。面對(duì)這種形勢(shì)，我們沒有心慌，還是堅(jiān)持這條：既不放松也不收緊銀根。但是，坦率地講，我們心不慌，但也不能不注意。為什么呢？我給大家舉個(gè)例子?，F(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)很發(fā)達(dá)，有人就把“中國(guó)銀行間發(fā)生資金違約”改了一下，把“間”字劃掉了，變成了“中國(guó)銀行發(fā)生資金違約”，并發(fā)到網(wǎng)上。大家知道，中國(guó)銀行是四大國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行之一，而且是我們?cè)谌澜绮键c(diǎn)最多的銀行，同時(shí)因?yàn)闀r(shí)差的原因，我們這邊閉市的時(shí)候人家那邊開市。這一下就議論開了，說(shuō)“中國(guó)金融是不是出問(wèn)題了”。我們迅速反應(yīng)，向外界澄清事實(shí)。大家要看到，這么點(diǎn)小火星，搞不好就能燃起大火。針對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的情況，我們一方面要求人民銀行和商業(yè)銀行加強(qiáng)流動(dòng)性管理，保持適度的貨幣供應(yīng)，另一方面并未因此而放松銀根，而是合理引導(dǎo)社會(huì)預(yù)期和企業(yè)行為，產(chǎn)生了穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)效應(yīng)。如果當(dāng)時(shí)我們放松銀根，如果我們多發(fā)赤字，那就像古人講的“抱薪救火”。薪不盡，火不滅，抱著柴火去救火，柴火不用完，火是滅不了的。所以，我們選擇堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)住財(cái)政和貨幣政策。 | But, comrades, this doesn't mean that there will be no pressure if we go with the second option. You may have heard about the so-called "money squeeze" in June. The inter-bank lending rate surged to 13 percent overnight, a remarkable figure bearing in mind that the usual rate is just over 3 percent. At that time, people outside China said that there were "debt defaults and a shortage of cash in the Chinese inter-bank loan system." This was the so-called "money squeeze." Facing this situation, we were not flustered. We neither loosed nor tightened our monetary policy. Yet, frankly, even if we did not get flustered, we had to pay attention to the issue. Why? Let me give you an example. Our communications network is now very developed. Someone just deleted the word "inter" and changed the whole meaning of the sentence "defaults occurred in the Chinese inter-bank market" to "defaults occurred in the Chinese banking market" and spread it online. We all know that the Bank of China is one of the four state-owned commercial banks with the most subsidiaries in the world. As they are in different time zones, banks in China are closed while those on the other side of the world are open. That immediately triggered discussion. "Are there problems in the Chinese financial system?" We responded rapidly by clarifying the facts to the outside world. We need to realize that a single spark can start a major fire. Taking into consideration the overall situation, we asked the People's Bank of China and commercial banks to strengthen their liquidity management and maintained a moderate money supply. In addition, instead of loosening monetary policy, we rationally guided social expectations and enterprise behavior to prompt steady growth. If we had loosened monetary policy or if we had increased the deficit, we could have been accused of the ancient phrase "carrying firewood to put out a fire," -- adopting a wrong measure to save a desperate situation, only to make it worse. Therefore, we have chosen to stick to a steady fiscal and monetary policy. |
| 第二，精準(zhǔn)發(fā)力。推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，不光是穩(wěn)住政策、推進(jìn)改革、激發(fā)市場(chǎng)活力，還要加大結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的力度，其中很重要的就是擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需。我們出臺(tái)了一系列刺激居民消費(fèi)的政策措施，最近就要發(fā)4G牌照。現(xiàn)在信息消費(fèi)、電子商務(wù)等發(fā)展很快，2012年網(wǎng)絡(luò)零售交易規(guī)模1.3萬(wàn)億元，今年前三季度交易額已接近去年全年水平，帶動(dòng)了很多人就業(yè)。有很多人搞網(wǎng)絡(luò)銷售，就等于是自己開了個(gè)小店，而且不用租商鋪，成本很低。創(chuàng)業(yè)確實(shí)是不容易的，但是通過(guò)提供各種便利和發(fā)展新的商業(yè)業(yè)態(tài)，可以提供更多創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。同時(shí)，我們還大力發(fā)展養(yǎng)老和健康服務(wù)業(yè)。這方面我們是短缺的?，F(xiàn)在說(shuō)不少產(chǎn)品過(guò)剩，要采取措施消化過(guò)剩產(chǎn)能，而服務(wù)卻是相對(duì)短缺的。中國(guó)的服務(wù)業(yè)和國(guó)外相比差距還很大，就是和與我們同等收入水平的國(guó)家相比，服務(wù)業(yè)占GDP的比重大概也差了10個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。據(jù)了解，在一些特大城市，要進(jìn)公立養(yǎng)老院，如果今年50歲開始排隊(duì)，要排上30年，甚至40年，那就得至少等到80多歲了，這說(shuō)明養(yǎng)老服務(wù)供給很不夠。我國(guó)人均GDP現(xiàn)在6000多美元，服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的潛力還是很大的，要采取措施加以推動(dòng)，特別是要破除障礙，吸收社會(huì)資本進(jìn)入。同時(shí)要看到，制造業(yè)是不能丟的。我們重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)節(jié)能環(huán)保這些符合結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)方向的產(chǎn)業(yè)。我們還加大城市棚戶區(qū)的改造力度，這是惠及民生的項(xiàng)目，其實(shí)也是拉動(dòng)增長(zhǎng)的項(xiàng)目。這些年來(lái)我們加快了棚戶區(qū)改造，取得很大成效。但即便如此，現(xiàn)在我國(guó)集中連片的各類棚戶區(qū)、包括城市、工礦以及獨(dú)立工礦區(qū)、林區(qū)、墾區(qū)棚戶區(qū)，還居住著大約4000萬(wàn)人，其中70%是退休職工。前不久我到西部地區(qū)一個(gè)工礦區(qū)的棚戶區(qū)看望職工，碰到一個(gè)老職工。我問(wèn)他，你什么時(shí)候來(lái)的？他說(shuō)五六十年代，支援三線建設(shè)來(lái)的。當(dāng)時(shí)先生產(chǎn)后生活，住的就是個(gè)棚子，付出了青春，干了一輩子，結(jié)果到老了、退休了，還住在棚戶區(qū)里面。冬天北方地區(qū)煤爐不敢多燒，害怕中毒，晚上不光是蓋著棉被，還要穿著棉大衣才能睡覺，幾百人合用一個(gè)廁所。他跟我說(shuō)，我現(xiàn)在就一點(diǎn)愿望，能不能我在世的時(shí)候住上樓房。所以我們要加快棚戶區(qū)改造。推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，實(shí)際上也是要縮小東中西部地區(qū)差距，縮小城鄉(xiāng)之間的差距和破解城市內(nèi)部二元差距。 | Secondly, we must be accurate in exercising our strength. Promoting economic development not only requires us to stabilize policy, promote reform and energize the market, but also to strengthen structural adjustment, a key part of which is to expand domestic demand. We have introduced a series of policies and measures to stimulate consumption. We will be issuing 4G licenses shortly. Information consumption and e-commerce are developing rapidly. Online retail trade reached 1.3 trillion yuan in 2012, while the figure in the first three quarters of this year has already approached last year's total, which has boosted employment. Many people work in online sales. They run a small shop themselves, with no rent and low costs. Entrepreneurship is not easy, but by making things convenient and developing new business formats, we can create more opportunities for entrepreneurship. At the same time, we are taking a great effort to develop pension and health services. We are lacking in this area. We have a large surplus of products and we must take measures to absorb this excess capacity. We are short on services. There is large disparity between China's service industry and those in foreign countries. Even compared with countries at the same income level, we are still behind by about 10 percent in terms of our service industry's contribution to GDP. Apparently, in some large cities, if people start to apply for a space in a state-owned nursing home at the age of 50, they will have to wait for 30 or even 40 years. By that time you are more than 80 years old. This shows the serious lack of supply. China's per capita GDP is now more than US$6,000. Our service industry has great potential for development. We should take measures to encourage this, breaking down barriers and absorbing more social capital. At the same time, we cannot abandon the manufacturing sector. While focusing on strengthening energy-saving and environmentally friendly industries through structural upgrading, we must also quicken our conversion of shanty towns. This will benefit the people's livelihoods, and promoting economic growth. In recent years, we have transformed shanty towns and made great progress. But even so, there are still about 40 million people nationwide living in shanty towns, including those in urban, industrial and mining, forest, and land reclamation areas. 70 percent of shanty town residents are retired workers. Not long ago, I visited workers living in a mining shanty town in Western China and talked to an old retired worker. I asked him when he had moved there. He told me that in the 1950s-1960s, he joined the "Third Front" program. He said that in those days, production came first and living conditions came second. He had worked hard all his life, but still had to live in a shanty town when he retired. Out of fear of carbon monoxide poisoning, his family didn't burn much coal in the stove in winter. When they went to sleep at night, they not only had to cover themselves with quilts, but also keep their daytime clothes on. Several hundred people shared one bathroom. The old man hoped he could move into a proper building. This is why we must speed up our conversion of shanty towns. Encouraging structural adjustment will narrow the gap between east, central and western China, and the urban-rural gap, and the dual system within cities. |
| 第三，擴(kuò)大開放。中國(guó)經(jīng)過(guò)多年的努力，已經(jīng)成長(zhǎng)為世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，應(yīng)該說(shuō)這其中我國(guó)出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不斷提高功不可沒。大家許多人都出過(guò)國(guó)，到處都能看到“中國(guó)制造”。但是當(dāng)前由于整個(gè)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣，世貿(mào)組織不斷調(diào)減世界貿(mào)易總量和增幅的預(yù)測(cè)，貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)也有點(diǎn)風(fēng)起云涌之勢(shì)，各國(guó)都是為了保護(hù)本國(guó)的產(chǎn)業(yè)和就業(yè)。但實(shí)際上這個(gè)保護(hù)是保護(hù)落后，最終也是保護(hù)不住的。中國(guó)作為一個(gè)大國(guó)，主要還是要依靠?jī)?nèi)需，但是穩(wěn)定出口也不可輕視，因?yàn)槲覀儸F(xiàn)在出口帶動(dòng)的直接就業(yè)人數(shù)大概3000萬(wàn)人，加上相關(guān)的配套產(chǎn)業(yè)，帶動(dòng)大概1億人，如果出口迅速掉下來(lái)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生就業(yè)問(wèn)題。所以我們還是要有理有節(jié)地開展對(duì)外交往，維護(hù)國(guó)家利益，堅(jiān)決反對(duì)貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義。大家可能還記得，今年四五月份曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的中歐光伏案，就是歐盟要對(duì)中國(guó)的光伏產(chǎn)品搞所謂的“雙反”。我到歐洲訪問(wèn)時(shí)，一路跟他們講，這樣做是損人不利已，而且如果歐盟真的對(duì)中國(guó)光伏產(chǎn)品實(shí)施所謂的“雙反”，加47%的懲罰性關(guān)稅，那么我們的光伏企業(yè)在歐洲市場(chǎng)就要全部退出了，我說(shuō)中國(guó)必將采取反制措施?；貋?lái)以后，我到國(guó)內(nèi)一個(gè)最大的光伏企業(yè)去調(diào)查，企業(yè)說(shuō)，雖然有兩個(gè)月的談判緩沖期，但如果兩個(gè)月后關(guān)稅水平上升到那么高的話，企業(yè)就撐不住了。光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)涉及到多少人呢？涉及到40萬(wàn)人就業(yè)。而且還不僅僅是40萬(wàn)人就業(yè)的問(wèn)題，這個(gè)口子要開了，那一些國(guó)家就會(huì)沒完沒了，很多貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)就會(huì)打起來(lái)，針對(duì)著中國(guó)搞制裁。中國(guó)的出口總量已經(jīng)世界第一，我們必須高舉反對(duì)貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義的旗，堅(jiān)決反對(duì)“雙反”等措施。所以我就在北京跟歐盟的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人通話，進(jìn)一步做工作，最終中歐協(xié)商解決。 | Thirdly, we must open more to the outside world. After years of efforts, China has become the world's second largest economy. The fact that our export industry has become increasingly competitive has played an undeniable part in this. Many Chinese have been abroad, and we can see products labeled "made-in-China" everywhere. However, due to the sluggish global economy, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has continued to reduce its world trade volume and growth forecasts. A trade war has emerged. Every country is to trying to protect its own industries and job market. But this protection is protection of backwardness, which is something that cannot be protected. As a large country, China mainly relies on domestic demand, but exports should also be kept stable, because about 30 million people are employed directly in the export industry, and about 100 million people in related support industries. A rapid drop in exports would cause problems in employment, therefore we should carry out reasonable foreign exchange, safeguard our national interests and oppose trade protectionism. You probably still remember the China-Europe photovoltaic case that emerged in April and May this year. The European Union attempted to conduct a so-called "double reverse investigation" of China's photovoltaic products. During my tour of European countries, I repeatedly said this would harm others and not benefit the EU. Besides, if the EU really carried out the investigation and imposed an additional 47 percent punitive tariff, our photovoltaic companies would have to withdraw completely from the European market. Therefore I said that, China would take countermeasures. After I returned to China, I went to visit the biggest domestic photovoltaic company. I was told that although there was a two-month mitigation period for negotiations, the company would not be able to survive for more than two months if the tariff were imposed. How many people are involved in the photovoltaic industry? More than 400,000. It is not just an employment problem for 400,000 people. Once we set such a precedent, those countries would never stop. Many trade wars will break out aiming at taking sanctions against China. China is number one in the world in terms of export volume. We must hold high the banner of opposing trade protectionism, and oppose the "double-reverse investigation" and other measures. For this reason, I spoke to the EU leaders from Beijing, negotiated with them and solved the problem through consultation. |
| 這次我到泰國(guó)訪問(wèn)，我也向他們極力推薦中國(guó)的高鐵，介紹中國(guó)的高鐵技術(shù)先進(jìn)、安全可靠、運(yùn)營(yíng)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。我們的企業(yè)走出去，不僅僅是買人家的東西，也要讓人家買我們有價(jià)值的東西，不僅僅是買中國(guó)的服裝鞋帽、買一般加工品，也要買我們的制成品特別是中高端的制成品。這方面還是有很大空間可以去做的。 | During my recent visit to Thailand, I talked about China's high-speed railway, in particular its leading technology, safety and reliance, and our rich operation experience. In "going out", China's companies should not only buy other people's products, but also sell ours, including ordinary items such as clothes, shoes and hats, as well as our middle-and-high-end products. There is great potential for us in this field. |
| 第四，引導(dǎo)市場(chǎng)預(yù)期。雖然做了很多工作，但市場(chǎng)還是有一些不安心的地方，覺得改革措施、簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)、調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)是不是今年一定能見得了效??？再加上國(guó)外又出現(xiàn) “唱空中國(guó)”的一種輿論，說(shuō)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)要硬著陸，甚至有些著名經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家也給出判斷，說(shuō)今年中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增幅就會(huì)落到3%。我見外賓時(shí)，也有人跟我說(shuō)類似的話。我們不追求高速度，更不片面追求GDP，但是合理的增長(zhǎng)速度是需要的，所以我們就確定了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的合理區(qū)間。實(shí)際上是要引導(dǎo)社會(huì)預(yù)期。什么合理區(qū)間呢？老有人追問(wèn)我，說(shuō)這有上限下限，這最終到底是多少?。磕蔷褪荊DP按照今年人代會(huì)所確定的，增長(zhǎng)7.5%左右，作為我們的下限。這直接關(guān)系就業(yè)。我到一些出口企業(yè)去看，在今年一季度最困難的時(shí)候，企業(yè)告訴我，雖然現(xiàn)在出口訂單基本上不增長(zhǎng)了，但是企業(yè)絕不裁員。我說(shuō)謝謝你，不光是代表這些員工包括農(nóng)民工謝謝你，也代表國(guó)家謝謝你，希望所有的企業(yè)都能這樣。大學(xué)畢業(yè)生是我們國(guó)家的寶貴財(cái)富。今年大學(xué)畢業(yè)生699萬(wàn)，是歷年來(lái)最高的，在這樣嚴(yán)峻復(fù)雜的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)下，怎么保證這699萬(wàn)人就業(yè)，我們確定了一個(gè)“大學(xué)生就業(yè)促進(jìn)計(jì)劃”。就是畢業(yè)后即使一次簽約簽不成，二次簽約也簽不成，國(guó)家不給你斷線，不把你推到社會(huì)上不管了，畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)狀況學(xué)校要掌握，人力資源和社會(huì)保障部門要掌握，而且要提供培訓(xùn)、提供就業(yè)指導(dǎo)、提供選擇機(jī)會(huì)。我們有要求，不能有零就業(yè)家庭，這方面工會(huì)系統(tǒng)也做了大量的工作。我過(guò)去在東北工作的時(shí)候，到零就業(yè)的家庭去看過(guò)，真是感到心酸哪，一個(gè)家里面幾口人待在那里，小伙子大姑娘沒有一個(gè)有工作，家庭毫無(wú)生氣，甚至沒有希望，所以我們必須要保障。所以我剛才講的穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)也是為了保就業(yè)，那么我們引導(dǎo)市場(chǎng)預(yù)期，確定這個(gè)合理區(qū)間，就是增長(zhǎng)的下限7.5%左右；上限CPI，就是物價(jià)上漲不能超過(guò)3.5%左右，因?yàn)槔习傩找^(guò)日子，而在我國(guó)物價(jià)統(tǒng)計(jì)方法中，33%即三分之一權(quán)重是食品。我們中低收入的群眾還相當(dāng)多，光低保，城鎮(zhèn)2000多萬(wàn)，農(nóng)村5000多萬(wàn)，占整個(gè)人口的5%，所以我們向社會(huì)發(fā)出這個(gè)信號(hào)，如果經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行真要滑出這個(gè)合理區(qū)間，政府就要采取有針對(duì)性的措施。但在這個(gè)合理區(qū)間內(nèi)，我們還是盡可能地釋放改革的最大紅利，著力去推進(jìn)改革，著力去推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，激發(fā)市場(chǎng)活力來(lái)培育經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的內(nèi)生動(dòng)力。這不是說(shuō)政府沒有保持宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定的責(zé)任，這個(gè)責(zé)任我們是有的，也是有能力的，我們向世界明確發(fā)出這個(gè)信號(hào)。 | Fourthly, we should guide market expectations. We have done a lot of work, but worries remain in the market. Some worry that our reform measures such as efforts to streamline administration and delegate power, and economic restructuring may not pay off this year. In addition, the predictions of the "collapse of China's economy" have reemerged. Some have said that there will be a hard landing for China's economy. Even some well-known economists predicted that China's economic growth will fall to 3 percent this year. Foreign guests have said the same thing to me. Although we are not pursuing high speed growth and are not relying solely on GDP, a reasonable growth rate is still necessary. We will therefore focus on a reasonable range of economic growth, in order to guide market expectation. What is a reasonable range? I have always been asked where the bottom line and the top limit are. Our bottom line is a growth rate of about 7.5 percent, which was set at the 12th National People's Congress (NPC) this year. This figure is directly related to employment. When I visited export firms in the first quarter this year, I was told that they would not lay off employees even during the hardest periods when export orders remained stagnant. I said thank you on behalf of your employees including migrant workers and the government and I hoped all the other firms could do the same. College graduates are the treasures of our nation. The number of college graduates reached 6.99 million this year, a record high. In this complex economic environment, we have introduced the "College Graduates Employment Promotion Plan" in order to safeguard graduate employment. When a graduate fails to sign employment contracts twice in a row, the government will not stand by. Universities and human resources and social security departments should fully understand the employment status of college graduates, and should provide training, employment guidance and opportunities. We also required that there should be no "zero-employment families." The labor unions have done a lot in this regard. When I worked in northeast China, I visited families where nobody was employed. It was heartbreaking to see all the family members including young men and women unemployed and living with little hope. We must provide security for them. The purpose of maintaining reasonable economic growth rate, as I just mentioned, is to guarantee employment. So, in order to guide the market expectation, we proposed "the reasonable range", which means an economic growth rate of about 7.5 percent as the bottom line and a CPI growth of 3.5 percent at most. As food accounts for 33 percent in our price statistics, we have to make sure the price increase is affordable. There are still a lot of people on low to medium incomes. Over 20 million urban residents and more than 50 million rural residents are enrolled in low-income insurance, 5 percent of the entire population. Therefore, the message is clear, if China's economy moves out of the reasonable range, the government will have to take measures; if not, we will unleash more "reform dividends" and continue our reform to make as much progress as possible. In pushing forward reform, we should encourage economic restructuring and stimulate market vitality in order to cultivate an endogenous driving force of economic growth. This is not to say that the government has no responsibility to stabilize the macro-economy. In fact, the government is not only responsible, but also able to do so. We must make this message clear to the outside world. |
| 最近大家都看到了，前三季度經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)的數(shù)據(jù)公布了，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)從二季度的7.5%提高到了三季度的7.8%，應(yīng)該說(shuō)是回升了。CPI有所上漲，9月當(dāng)月是3.1%，但1-3季度是2.5%，在我們3.5%左右控制的范圍之內(nèi)。更重要的是，前三個(gè)季度城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)超過(guò)了1000萬(wàn)人，城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率在4.04%。三季度工業(yè)用電量增長(zhǎng)了9.8%，鐵路貨運(yùn)量也增長(zhǎng)了7.3%，和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)是匹配的。今天我看外電分析，說(shuō)中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)看起來(lái)不錯(cuò)啊。有些客觀的國(guó)外經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家寫文章說(shuō)，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰落的預(yù)言又一次食言了，說(shuō)中國(guó)要硬著陸的人要感到遺憾了。所以說(shuō)，我們整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)走勢(shì)穩(wěn)中向好，完成全年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的主要指標(biāo)，是有能力也是有條件的。要說(shuō)信心重要，信心從哪里來(lái)？我說(shuō)最重要的信心是來(lái)自于我們偉大的工人階級(jí)，來(lái)自于在座同志們所代表的中國(guó)億萬(wàn)職工的勤勞智慧。大家可能還記得，2008年國(guó)家金融危機(jī)沖擊以后，2009年中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)不俗，美國(guó)《時(shí)代》周刊封面刊登了中國(guó)工人照片，其中包括農(nóng)民工。他們認(rèn)為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)之所以保持這樣的增長(zhǎng)速度，是中國(guó)的工人在支撐著，主要是因?yàn)樗麄兦趧?、勤勞、勤勞！沒有比這樣的工人更勤勞刻苦的了。我跟他們講，你們還少了一個(gè)詞，我也和你們重復(fù)三遍：智慧、智慧、智慧！ | I think you are aware of the economic data released in the first three quarters of this year. The economy grew by 7.5 percent in the second quarter and 7.8 in the third quarter. In September, CPI grew to 3.1 percent but its average growth rate in the first three quarters stood at 2.5 percent, within the 3.5 percent limit. More importantly, we created more than 10 million jobs in urban areas, and the registered unemployment rate for urban residents was 4.04 percent in the first three quarters. In the third quarter, industrial electricity consumption grew by 9.8 percent, and the railway cargo volume rose by 7.3 percent, which was in line with the overall pace of economic growth. I read the foreign media today, which said that China's economic data looked upbeat. Some foreign economists wrote objectively that the "collapse of China's economy" prediction had been proven wrong once again and those who believed China's economy would have a hard landing would be disappointed. Therefore, China's economy is stable and is on the rise. We have the ability to fulfill our major social and economic development goals this year. Where does our confidence come from? I think it comes mainly from the great working class, from the diligence and wisdom of hundreds of millions of Chinese workers who all of you here represent. You may remember that in 2009, China's economy fared well after the financial crisis in 2008. Photos of Chinese workers including migrant workers appeared on the front cover of Time magazine. They believed that China's high-speed growth was supported by Chinese workers, largely because their diligence, diligence, diligence! They admitted that Chinese workers are the most diligent in the world. But I told them that they forgot another word, which I said to them three times: wisdom, wisdom, wisdom! |
| 當(dāng)然我們不光是要經(jīng)濟(jì)保持平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行，也要讓社會(huì)不斷進(jìn)步，實(shí)際上我們?cè)谕七M(jìn)社會(huì)不斷進(jìn)步當(dāng)中，也在應(yīng)對(duì)各種挑戰(zhàn)，以讓經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠保持平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行，包括應(yīng)對(duì)自然災(zāi)害方面的挑戰(zhàn)。比如說(shuō)，今年發(fā)生了蘆山地震，黨中央、國(guó)務(wù)院組織各方力量，及時(shí)有力、科學(xué)有序地進(jìn)行救援。我到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)去時(shí)，那兒汽車不通了，道路已經(jīng)封了，但很快就有直升飛機(jī)調(diào)來(lái)，到了震中地區(qū)，鄰省一些同志已經(jīng)來(lái)了，體現(xiàn)了一方有難、八方支援的精神，省里等方面動(dòng)作之迅速也說(shuō)明汶川抗震等經(jīng)驗(yàn)得到了發(fā)揮。在那里，我們做出個(gè)決定，救災(zāi)要科學(xué)有序，由四川省為主指揮抗震救災(zāi)，國(guó)務(wù)院派一個(gè)工作組在那兒，由四川省作為需方，我們是供方，他提單子，我們給條件，保證抗震救災(zāi)有序進(jìn)行，使死亡人數(shù)降到了最低程度。中央決定對(duì)此后類似災(zāi)害，都以此機(jī)制展開。還有像H7N9禽流感，由于有了過(guò)去防非典、防甲流感的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，也做到了科學(xué)有序防控。 | Of course, we don't just want to keep the economy stable, but also strive for social progress. In fact, we have tackled an array of challenges in the course of social progress, including natural disasters, in order to maintain economic stability. For example, after an earthquake broke out in Sichuan Province's Lushan County this year, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council galvanized efforts on all sides to provide disaster relief in a timely, effective, scientific and orderly way. When I arrived there, the road was blocked and vehicles could not get through at all. But soon helicopters arrived at the epicenter and the leadership from neighboring provinces also came, demonstrating the spirit of all sides coming to help when one is struck by disaster. The immediate response of the Sichuan Province also demonstrated that what had been learned from the Wenchuan earthquake had been applied to the full. We made a decision right on the spot: Sichuan would lead the disaster relief efforts while the State Council would assign a work group in support, which would ensure scientific and orderly disaster relief. Sichuan was the demander while we were the supplier -- Sichuan made requests and we met them. The relief work was carried out in an orderly manner and the death toll was kept at the lowest level. The central Party leadership then decided that future disaster relief work should be carried out under the same mechanism. We also controlled the H7N9 flu in a scientific and orderly manner based on our experience in combating SARS and influenza. |
| 我們還著力解決群眾關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。像大氣污染，我們已經(jīng)制定了治理大氣污染行動(dòng)計(jì)劃十條，希望北京3-5年內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量有所改變。我們會(huì)盡最大力氣，堅(jiān)決治理那些污染源，當(dāng)然要有個(gè)過(guò)程。我們也加大了食品藥品安全監(jiān)管的力度。這次機(jī)構(gòu)改革，專門成立了食品藥品監(jiān)管總局，過(guò)去多個(gè)部門管的，進(jìn)行了整合，盡力改變九龍治水、三個(gè)和尚挑水最后又沒水吃的局面。我們還從嬰兒奶粉入手，把嬰兒奶粉當(dāng)藥品管，用藥品監(jiān)管的方式來(lái)監(jiān)管嬰兒奶粉，保證奶粉安全?？傊?，我們既要推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展，還要推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，這樣才能夠保證中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期增長(zhǎng)、持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。 | We have also spared no effort to solve problems that the people are concerned about. Take air pollution as an example. We have produced the Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control, attempting to improve Beijing's air quality in three to five years. We will make great efforts to deal with the sources of pollution, but of course it will take some time. We have also intensified our efforts to supervise drug and food safety. The China Food and Drug Administration was set up during the cabinet reshuffle earlier this year, integrating the work done by several departments in the past and rectifying previously undefined obligations and responsibilities. We also dealt with the baby milk powder issue. We supervised the way we do with medicine, to ensure its safety. We have not only encouraged economic and social development, but have also coordinated the two. Only in this way can we ensure long-term, sustainable and healthy economic growth. |
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