關(guān)于《中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》的說明
Explanatory Notes for the 'Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform'
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| 從實(shí)踐看，面對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)和應(yīng)用飛速發(fā)展，現(xiàn)行管理體制存在明顯弊端，主要是多頭管理、職能交叉、權(quán)責(zé)不一、效率不高。同時(shí)，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)媒體屬性越來越強(qiáng)，網(wǎng)上媒體管理和產(chǎn)業(yè)管理遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)跟不上形勢(shì)發(fā)展變化。特別是面對(duì)傳播快、影響大、覆蓋廣、社會(huì)動(dòng)員能力強(qiáng)的微客、微信等社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)和即時(shí)通信工具用戶的快速增長(zhǎng)，如何加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)法制建設(shè)和輿論引導(dǎo)，確保網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息傳播秩序和國(guó)家安全、社會(huì)穩(wěn)定，已經(jīng)成為擺在我們面前的現(xiàn)實(shí)突出問題。 | Falling behind the rapid development of Internet technology and applications, our current management of the Internet is seriously flawed and cannot function properly. Different administrative bodies engaged in multi-channel management of the Internet, overlapping functions and mismatch between powers and responsibilities – all these have led to inefficient management. Also, as the Internet grows into a new form of media, the management of this online medium and the industry is lagging far behind the development of the business. With fast growth in the users of micro-blogs, WeChat and other social network services and instant communication tools, which spread information quickly and can mobilize large numbers of users, how to strengthen oversight within a legal framework and guide public opinion, and how to ensure the orderly dissemination of online information, while at the same time safeguarding national security and social stability have become pressing problems for us. |
| 全會(huì)決定提出堅(jiān)持積極利用、科學(xué)發(fā)展、依法管理、確保安全的方針，加大依法管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)力度，完善互聯(lián)網(wǎng)管理領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制。目的是整合相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)職能，形成從技術(shù)到內(nèi)容、從日常安全到打擊犯罪的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)管理合力，確保網(wǎng)絡(luò)正確運(yùn)用和安全。 | The Decision stipulates that we must adhere to the principles of active usage, scientific development, management in accordance with the law and ensuring safety in strengthening management of the Internet in accordance with the law, and accelerating the improvement of leading institutions for Internet management. The aim of this is to integrate the functions of the related departments and form joint forces in the management of the Internet covering both technology and contents, and ranging from daily security to combating crimes, to ensure correct and safe Internet usage. |
| 第九，關(guān)于設(shè)立國(guó)家安全委員會(huì)。國(guó)家安全和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定是改革發(fā)展的前提。只有國(guó)家安全和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定，改革發(fā)展才能不斷推進(jìn)。當(dāng)前，我國(guó)面臨對(duì)外維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益，對(duì)內(nèi)維護(hù)政治安全和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的雙重壓力，各種可以預(yù)見和難以預(yù)見的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素明顯增多。而我們的安全工作體制機(jī)制還不能適應(yīng)維護(hù)國(guó)家安全的需要，需要搭建一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的平臺(tái)統(tǒng)籌國(guó)家安全工作。設(shè)立國(guó)家安全委員會(huì)，加強(qiáng)對(duì)國(guó)家安全工作的集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，已是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。 | Nine, establishing the Council of State Security. National security and social stability form the basis for further reform and progress. Currently we are challenged by pressure from two sources: Internationally we must safeguard state sovereignty, national security and our development interests, and domestically we need to maintain political and social stability. All kinds of foreseeable and unforeseeable risks are increasing significantly, but our security system is not good enough to meet the demands of ensuring national security. We need to establish a strong platform to coordinate our security work. For this purpose, establishing a state security council to strengthen unified leadership of national security at the central level has become an urgent matter. |
| 國(guó)家安全委員會(huì)主要職責(zé)是制定和實(shí)施國(guó)家安全戰(zhàn)略，推進(jìn)國(guó)家安全法治建設(shè)，制定國(guó)家安全工作方針政策，研究解決國(guó)家安全工作中的重大問題。 | The main responsibilities of the Council of State Security are to formulate and implement national security strategy, promote the national security legislation, design principles and policies for national security work, and discuss and resolve key issues concerning national security. |
| 第十，關(guān)于健全國(guó)家自然資源資產(chǎn)管理體制和完善自然資源監(jiān)管體制。健全國(guó)家自然資源資產(chǎn)管理體制是健全自然資源資產(chǎn)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的一項(xiàng)重大改革，也是建立系統(tǒng)完備的生態(tài)文明制度體系的內(nèi)在要求。 | Ten, improving the country's natural resources management system and oversight system. Improving the country's natural resources management system is an important reform for developing the property right system for natural resources. It is also the intrinsic requirement for building an ecologically friendly country with complete supporting systems. |
| 我國(guó)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)中存在的一些突出問題，一定程度上與體制不健全有關(guān)，原因之一是全民所有自然資源資產(chǎn)的所有權(quán)人不到位，所有權(quán)人權(quán)益不落實(shí)。針對(duì)這一問題，全會(huì)決定提出健全國(guó)家自然資源資產(chǎn)管理體制的要求。總的思路是按照所有者和管理者分開和一件事由一個(gè)部門管理的原則，落實(shí)全民所有自然資源資產(chǎn)所有權(quán)，建立統(tǒng)一行使全民所有自然資源資產(chǎn)所有權(quán)人職責(zé)的體制。 | Some of our major frustrations in ecological protection are caused by problems in the ecological management system. One problem lies in the undefined ownership of natural resources by the whole people, which leads to problems in the identification of the rights and interests of the owners. To solve this problem, the Decision puts forth measures for improving the natural resources management system. The guiding thoughts are: Ensuring people's property rights to natural resources according to the principle of separation between ownership and management, one issue belonging to one department, and establishing a unified responsibility mechanism for people who act on behalf of the public to manage public natural resources assets. |
| 國(guó)家對(duì)全民所有自然資源資產(chǎn)行使所有權(quán)并進(jìn)行管理和國(guó)家對(duì)國(guó)土范圍內(nèi)自然資源行使監(jiān)管權(quán)是不同的，前者是所有權(quán)人意義上的權(quán)利，后者是管理者意義上的權(quán)力。這就需要完善自然資源監(jiān)管體制，統(tǒng)一行使所有國(guó)土空間用途管制職責(zé)，使國(guó)有自然資源資產(chǎn)所有權(quán)人和國(guó)家自然資源管理者相互獨(dú)立、相互配合、相互監(jiān)督。 | There is a difference between the state's exercise of power and management over the natural resources assets owned by the whole people and the state's supervision and management of the natural resources within its territory. The former is the owner's right, while the latter is the manager's right. This thus requires us to improve the system of oversight of natural resources, and fulfill the duties as the manager of our territorial space. The owners of state-owned natural resources assets and the managers of state natural resources must act independently, while cooperating with and supervising each other. |
| 我們要認(rèn)識(shí)到，山水林田湖是一個(gè)生命共同體，人的命脈在田，田的命脈在水，水的命脈在山，山的命脈在土，土的命脈在樹。用途管制和生態(tài)修復(fù)必須遵循自然規(guī)律，如果種樹的只管種樹、治水的只管治水、護(hù)田的單純護(hù)田，很容易顧此失彼，最終造成生態(tài)的系統(tǒng)性破壞。由一個(gè)部門負(fù)責(zé)領(lǐng)土范圍內(nèi)所有國(guó)土空間用途管制職責(zé)，對(duì)山水林田湖進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一保護(hù)、統(tǒng)一修復(fù)是十分必要的。 | We need to realize that our mountains, waters, forests, farmlands and lakes form a community of life. The lifeline of the people comes from the farmland, that of the farmland comes from the water, that of the water comes from the mountain, that of the mountain comes from the earth, and that of the earth comes from the tree. To control the exploitation of natural resources and restore the ecosystem, we must follow the laws of Nature. If people only tend to their own responsibilities, for example, growing trees, regulating rivers or protecting farmlands in isolation, they are prone to gaining in one area and losing in another, which eventually leads to systemic destruction of the ecology. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to put one department in charge of the usage of the entire territory of a country, and carry out unified protection and restoration programs for its natural resources. |
| 第十一，關(guān)于中央成立全面深化改革領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組。全面深化改革是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程，單靠某一個(gè)或某幾個(gè)部門往往力不從心，這就需要建立更高層面的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)制。 | Eleven, establishing the Leading Group for Deepening Reform Comprehensively under the CPC Central Committee. Deepening reform comprehensively is a complicated systems engineering project, which requires more than one or several departments to carry out. Therefore, leadership at a higher level should be established for this purpose. |
| 全會(huì)決定提出，中央成立全面深化改革領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組，負(fù)責(zé)改革總體設(shè)計(jì)、統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)、整體推進(jìn)、督促落實(shí)。這是為了更好發(fā)揮黨總攬全局、協(xié)調(diào)各方的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心作用，保證改革順利推進(jìn)和各項(xiàng)改革任務(wù)落實(shí)。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組的主要職責(zé)是：統(tǒng)一部署全國(guó)性重大改革，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)各領(lǐng)域改革，協(xié)調(diào)各方力量形成推進(jìn)改革合力，加強(qiáng)督促檢查，推動(dòng)全面落實(shí)改革目標(biāo)任務(wù)。 | The Decision stipulates that the Party Central Committee will set up the Leading Group for Deepening Reform Comprehensively. This is to give better play to the Party's core function as leader having a picture of the whole situation and as chief coordinator of different aspects, so as to ensure the reform progresses smoothly and the tasks are implemented as planned. The main responsibilities of this leading group are planning key national reforms, promoting coordinated reforms in various fields, coordinating various forces into a joint force for reform, strengthening supervision and oversight, and promoting full implementation of the reform's aim and tasks. |
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