中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問(wèn)題的決定（全文）
Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform
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調(diào)整字號(hào)大小: 
| 三、加快完善現(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)體系 | III. Accelerating the Improvement of the Modern Market System |
| 建設(shè)統(tǒng)一開(kāi)放、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)有序的市場(chǎng)體系，是使市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定性作用的基礎(chǔ)。必須加快形成企業(yè)自主經(jīng)營(yíng)、公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，消費(fèi)者自由選擇、自主消費(fèi)，商品和要素自由流動(dòng)、平等交換的現(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)體系，著力清除市場(chǎng)壁壘，提高資源配置效率和公平性。 | Establishing a unified, open, competitive and orderly market system is the basis for the market to play a decisive role in the allocation of resources. We must put in place a modern market system in which enterprises enjoy independent management and fair competition, consumers have free choice and make autonomous consumption decisions, products and factors of production flow freely and are exchanged on an equal basis, strive to remove market barriers, and raise the efficiency and fairness of resource allocation. |
| （9）建立公平開(kāi)放透明的市場(chǎng)規(guī)則。實(shí)行統(tǒng)一的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入制度，在制定負(fù)面清單基礎(chǔ)上，各類市場(chǎng)主體可依法平等進(jìn)入清單之外領(lǐng)域。探索對(duì)外商投資實(shí)行準(zhǔn)入前國(guó)民待遇加負(fù)面清單的管理模式。推進(jìn)工商注冊(cè)制度便利化，削減資質(zhì)認(rèn)定項(xiàng)目，由先證后照改為先照后證，把注冊(cè)資本實(shí)繳登記制逐步改為認(rèn)繳登記制。推進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)貿(mào)易流通體制改革，建設(shè)法治化營(yíng)商環(huán)境。 | 9. Enacting market rules that are fair, open and transparent. We will implement a unified market access system; and on the basis of making a negative list, all kinds of market players may enter areas not on the negative list on an equal basis and according to law. We will explore a management model for foreign investors with pre-entry national treatment plus the negative list. We will make the business registration system more convenient by reducing the number of items that require qualification verification, turning certification before licensing into licensing before certification, and gradually changing the paid-in capital registration system into a subscribed capital registration system. We will propel reform of our domestic commodity distribution structure while building a business environment under the rule of law. |
| 改革市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管體系，實(shí)行統(tǒng)一的市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管，清理和廢除妨礙全國(guó)統(tǒng)一市場(chǎng)和公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的各種規(guī)定和做法，嚴(yán)禁和懲處各類違法實(shí)行優(yōu)惠政策行為，反對(duì)地方保護(hù)，反對(duì)壟斷和不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。建立健全社會(huì)征信體系，褒揚(yáng)誠(chéng)信，懲戒失信。健全優(yōu)勝劣汰市場(chǎng)化退出機(jī)制，完善企業(yè)破產(chǎn)制度。 | We will reform the market oversight system, implement uniform market oversight, tidy up and annul all sorts of regulations and methods that impede the national unified market and fair competition, strictly ban and punish all unlawful acts extending preferential policies, combat regional protection, and oppose monopoly and unfair competition. We will establish and improve a social credit system to commend honesty and punish dishonesty. We will improve the market exit system in which the good eliminates the bad, and perfect the enterprise bankruptcy system. |
| （10）完善主要由市場(chǎng)決定價(jià)格的機(jī)制。凡是能由市場(chǎng)形成價(jià)格的都交給市場(chǎng)，政府不進(jìn)行不當(dāng)干預(yù)。推進(jìn)水、石油、天然氣、電力、交通、電信等領(lǐng)域價(jià)格改革，放開(kāi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性環(huán)節(jié)價(jià)格。政府定價(jià)范圍主要限定在重要公用事業(yè)、公益性服務(wù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)型自然壟斷環(huán)節(jié)，提高透明度，接受社會(huì)監(jiān)督。完善農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格形成機(jī)制，注重發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)形成價(jià)格作用。 | 10. Improving the mechanism whereby prices are mainly determined by the market. Any price that can be determined by the market must be left to the market, and the government is not to carry out improper interventions. We will push ahead with pricing reforms of water, oil, natural gas, electricity, transportation, telecommunications and some other sectors while relaxing price control in competitive areas. Prices which are determined by the government will be limited to important public utilities, public-welfare services and network-based natural monopolies while raising transparency and accepting social supervision. We will improve the pricing mechanism for agricultural products, and attach importance to the market's role in determining prices. |
| （11）建立城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的建設(shè)用地市場(chǎng)。在符合規(guī)劃和用途管制前提下，允許農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營(yíng)性建設(shè)用地出讓、租賃、入股，實(shí)行與國(guó)有土地同等入市、同權(quán)同價(jià)?？s小征地范圍，規(guī)范征地程序，完善對(duì)被征地農(nóng)民合理、規(guī)范、多元保障機(jī)制。擴(kuò)大國(guó)有土地有償使用范圍，減少非公益性用地劃撥。建立兼顧國(guó)家、集體、個(gè)人的土地增值收益分配機(jī)制，合理提高個(gè)人收益。完善土地租賃、轉(zhuǎn)讓、抵押二級(jí)市場(chǎng)。 | 11. Forming a unified construction land market for both urban and rural areas. We will allow rural collectively owned profit-oriented construction land to be sold, leased and appraised as shares, on the premise that it conforms to planning and its use is under control, and ensure that it can enter the market with the same rights and at the same prices as state-owned land. We will narrow the scope of land expropriation, regulate the procedures for land appropriation, and improve the rational, regular and multiple security mechanism for farmers whose land is requisitioned. We will broaden the scope of compensated use of state-owned land, and reduce land appropriation for non-public welfare projects. We will establish a mechanism for the distribution of incremental benefits from land that takes into account the interests of the state, the collective and the individual, and appropriotely raise individual income from such benefits. We will improve the secondary market for land leasing, transfer and mortgage. |
| （12）完善金融市場(chǎng)體系。擴(kuò)大金融業(yè)對(duì)內(nèi)對(duì)外開(kāi)放，在加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管前提下，允許具備條件的民間資本依法發(fā)起設(shè)立中小型銀行等金融機(jī)構(gòu)。推進(jìn)政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)改革。健全多層次資本市場(chǎng)體系，推進(jìn)股票發(fā)行注冊(cè)制改革，多渠道推動(dòng)股權(quán)融資，發(fā)展并規(guī)范債券市場(chǎng)，提高直接融資比重。完善保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，建立巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)制度。發(fā)展普惠金融。鼓勵(lì)金融創(chuàng)新，豐富金融市場(chǎng)層次和產(chǎn)品。 | 12. Improving the financial market. We will open the financial industry wider, and allow qualified non-governmental capital to set up, in accordance with law, financial institutions such as small or medium-sized banks on the precondition that this comes under stronger oversight. We will push ahead with reform of policy financial institutions. We will improve the multi-layer capital market system, promote reform toward a registration-based stock-issuing system, promote equity financing through diverse channels, develop and regulate the bond market, and increase the proportion of direct financing. We will improve the compensation mechanism for the insurance industry, and establish an insurance system for catastrophe risks. We will develop inclusive finance. We will encourage financial innovations, and enrich the financial market with more levels and more products. |
| 完善人民幣匯率市場(chǎng)化形成機(jī)制，加快推進(jìn)利率市場(chǎng)化，健全反映市場(chǎng)供求關(guān)系的國(guó)債收益率曲線。推動(dòng)資本市場(chǎng)雙向開(kāi)放，有序提高跨境資本和金融交易可兌換程度，建立健全宏觀審慎管理框架下的外債和資本流動(dòng)管理體系，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)人民幣資本項(xiàng)目可兌換。 | We will improve the mechanism for market-based Renminbi exchange rate formation, accelerate interest-rate liberalization, and improve the national debt yield curve that reflects the relationship between market supply and demand. We will promote the opening of the capital market in both directions, raise the convertibility of cross-border capital and financial transactions in an orderly way, establish and improve a management system of foreign debt and capital flow within the framework of macro-management, and accelerate the realization of Renminbi capital account convertibility. |
| 落實(shí)金融監(jiān)管改革措施和穩(wěn)健標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，完善監(jiān)管協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制，界定中央和地方金融監(jiān)管職責(zé)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)處置責(zé)任。建立存款保險(xiǎn)制度，完善金融機(jī)構(gòu)市場(chǎng)化退出機(jī)制。加強(qiáng)金融基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，保障金融市場(chǎng)安全高效運(yùn)行和整體穩(wěn)定。 | We will carry out reform measures and stability standards for financial oversight, improve the mechanism for oversight and coordination in the financial sector, and define the oversight functions and risk management responsibilities at both the central and local levels. We will build a deposit insurance system, and improve the market-based exit mechanism for financial institutions. We will strengthen financial infrastructure construction to ensure that the financial market operates in a safe, efficient and stable way. |
| （13）深化科技體制改革。建立健全鼓勵(lì)原始創(chuàng)新、集成創(chuàng)新、引進(jìn)消化吸收再創(chuàng)新的體制機(jī)制，健全技術(shù)創(chuàng)新市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向機(jī)制，發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)對(duì)技術(shù)研發(fā)方向、路線選擇、要素價(jià)格、各類創(chuàng)新要素配置的導(dǎo)向作用。建立產(chǎn)學(xué)研協(xié)同創(chuàng)新機(jī)制，強(qiáng)化企業(yè)在技術(shù)創(chuàng)新中的主體地位，發(fā)揮大型企業(yè)創(chuàng)新骨干作用，激發(fā)中小企業(yè)創(chuàng)新活力，推進(jìn)應(yīng)用型技術(shù)研發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)市場(chǎng)化、企業(yè)化改革，建設(shè)國(guó)家創(chuàng)新體系。 | 13. Deepening reform of the management system for science and technology. We will set up and improve mechanisms and institutions that encourage original innovation, integrated innovation, and re-innovation based on introduction and absorption, improve the mechanism that encourages market-based technological innovation, and give free rein to the market's guiding role in technological research and development orientation, choice of paths, pricing of factors, and allocation of all innovation factors. We will establish an innovation system that integrates enterprises, universities and research institutes, strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in technological innovation, give full play to the role of large enterprises as the backbone of innovation, arouse the innovation vitality of small and medium-sized enterprises, promote the reform of applied technology research and development institutes to make them more market-oriented and transform them into business enterprises, and build a national innovation system. |
| 加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)運(yùn)用和保護(hù)，健全技術(shù)創(chuàng)新激勵(lì)機(jī)制，探索建立知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法院。打破行政主導(dǎo)和部門分割，建立主要由市場(chǎng)決定技術(shù)創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目和經(jīng)費(fèi)分配、評(píng)價(jià)成果的機(jī)制。發(fā)展技術(shù)市場(chǎng)，健全技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)制，改善科技型中小企業(yè)融資條件，完善風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資機(jī)制，創(chuàng)新商業(yè)模式，促進(jìn)科技成果資本化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化。 | We will strengthen the application and protection of intellectual property rights (IPR), improve the technological innovation incentive mechanism, and explore ways to set up IPR courts. We will abolish administrative dominance and departmental fragmentation, and develop a mechanism within which the market plays a key part in determining innovation programs and allocation of funds, and assessing results. We will develop the technology market, improve the technology-transfer mechanism, improve the financing conditions for small and medium-sized enterprises of science and technology, improve the venture capital investment mechanism, innovate business models, and promote the capitalization and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. |
| 整合科技規(guī)劃和資源，完善政府對(duì)基礎(chǔ)性、戰(zhàn)略性、前沿性科學(xué)研究和共性技術(shù)研究的支持機(jī)制。國(guó)家重大科研基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施依照規(guī)定應(yīng)該開(kāi)放的一律對(duì)社會(huì)開(kāi)放。建立創(chuàng)新調(diào)查制度和創(chuàng)新報(bào)告制度，構(gòu)建公開(kāi)透明的國(guó)家科研資源管理和項(xiàng)目評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制。 | We will integrate science and technology programs and resources, and improve the mechanism for the government to extend support to basic, strategic and pioneering scientific research and generic technology research. Major national scientific research infrastructure that should be open to the public in accordance with prescribed regulations is to be open without exception. We will establish an innovation survey system and an innovation reporting system, while building an open and transparent mechanism for state scientific research resource management and project appraisal. |
| 改革院士遴選和管理體制，優(yōu)化學(xué)科布局，提高中青年人才比例，實(shí)行院士退休和退出制度。 | We will reform the academician selection and management system, optimize the structure of disciplines, raise the proportion of young and middle-aged talented people, and put in place an academician retirement and exit system. |
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