《2013年中國(guó)人權(quán)事業(yè)的進(jìn)展》白皮書
White Paper: Progress in China's Human Rights in 2013
0 
調(diào)整字號(hào)大小: 
| 一、發(fā)展權(quán)利 | I. Right to Development |
| 2013年，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行穩(wěn)中向好，發(fā)展成果更多地惠及全體人民，廣大群眾的物質(zhì)文化需要得到更好的滿足，中國(guó)人民的發(fā)展權(quán)利得到更加充分的保障。 | China's economy was stable and improved in 2013, better benefiting the Chinese people. The material and cultural needs of the people have been better satisfied, and the Chinese people's right to development has been better guaranteed. |
| 人民生活水平持續(xù)提高。2013年，中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值保持了7.7%的較快增長(zhǎng)。全年農(nóng)村居民人均純收入8,896元，扣除價(jià)格因素，實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)9.3%；城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入26,955元，扣除價(jià)格因素，實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)7.0%；居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格漲幅保持在2.6%的低水平。全國(guó)糧食產(chǎn)量達(dá)到60,193.5萬(wàn)噸；民用汽車保有量達(dá)到13,741萬(wàn)輛；固定電話用戶26,699萬(wàn)戶，移動(dòng)電話用戶新增11,696萬(wàn)戶，達(dá)到122,911萬(wàn)戶。國(guó)內(nèi)游客32.6億人次，比上年增長(zhǎng)10.3%；國(guó)內(nèi)居民出境9,819萬(wàn)人次，增長(zhǎng)18.0%，其中因私出境9,197萬(wàn)人次，增長(zhǎng)19.3%。 | The people's living standards are steadily on the rise. In 2013 China maintained a GDP growth rate of 7.7 percent, which was relatively fast. The annual per capita net income for rural residents reached 8,896 yuan, up 9.3 percent in real terms; the annual per capita disposable income for urban residents was 26,955 yuan, an increase of 7 percent in real terms; and the rise in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) remained at the low level of 2.6 percent. China's annual grain output in 2013 reached 601.935 million tons; the number of civil vehicle holding reached 137.41 million; the number of fixed phone lines was 266.99 million, and the number of mobile phone users increased by 116.96 million to 1,229.11 million. The number of domestic tours totaled 3.26 billion, and the number of trips abroad made by Chinese citizens reached 98.19 million, up 10.3 percent and 18 percent, respectively, over the previous year. Among them, the number of trips abroad for private purposes reached 91.97 million, an increase of 19.3 percent. |
| 多渠道擴(kuò)大就業(yè)。在就業(yè)壓力大的情況下，中國(guó)堅(jiān)持實(shí)施就業(yè)優(yōu)先戰(zhàn)略，將穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)、保就業(yè)作為經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行合理區(qū)間的下限，在發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)造更多和更高質(zhì)量的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。注重發(fā)展吸納就業(yè)能力強(qiáng)的勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)、中小企業(yè)、民營(yíng)企業(yè)、服務(wù)業(yè)。2013年城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1,310萬(wàn)人，比2012年多增44萬(wàn)人。城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率保持在4.1%的較低水平。加強(qiáng)技能培訓(xùn)，全國(guó)開展政府補(bǔ)貼性職業(yè)培訓(xùn)2,049萬(wàn)人次，其中，就業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)1227.5萬(wàn)人次，創(chuàng)業(yè)培訓(xùn)208.2萬(wàn)人次，崗位技能提升培訓(xùn)548.7萬(wàn)人次，其他培訓(xùn)64.6萬(wàn)人次。城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)人員培訓(xùn)398萬(wàn)人。幫助農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)，全年共組織農(nóng)民工專場(chǎng)招聘2萬(wàn)多場(chǎng)，培訓(xùn)農(nóng)民工938.4萬(wàn)人次。更加關(guān)注以高校畢業(yè)生為重點(diǎn)的青年就業(yè)，通過加強(qiáng)就業(yè)指導(dǎo)服務(wù)，開展校園招聘活動(dòng)，實(shí)施“離校未就業(yè)高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)促進(jìn)計(jì)劃”等措施，促進(jìn)高校畢業(yè)生多渠道、多形式就業(yè)和創(chuàng)業(yè)。 | Employment is expanding through various channels. Despite great employment pressure, China adheres to the employment priority strategy, taking stable growth and ensuring employment as the threshold of a proper economic range, and creating more and better-quality jobs on the basis of development. China attaches great importance to the development of labor-intensive industries, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), private enterprises and service industries that can create more jobs. In 2013 some 13.1 million urban jobs were created, an increase of 440,000 over 2012, and the registered urban unemployment rate stayed at 4.1 percent, which was relatively low. The government also provided skills training. As many as 20.49 million people participated in vocational training with government subsidies in 2013, among whom 12.275 million participated in employment skills training, 2.082 million attended entrepreneurship training, 5.487 million took part in job skills upgrading training and 646,000 received other types of training. The number of laid-off workers receiving training reached 3.98 million. China endeavors to facilitate the transfer to non-agricultural jobs of rural people, organized more than 20,000 special job fairs for migrant workers in 2013, and trained 9.384 million farmers. The government attaches ever-more importance to the employment of young people, especially college graduates. Through employment guidance services, campus recruitment activities, the "Employment Promotion Plan for Unemployed College Graduates" and other measures, China encourages college graduates to find jobs and start businesses in various forms and through various channels. |
| 勞動(dòng)者權(quán)利得到切實(shí)保障。2013年，全國(guó)有27個(gè)省（區(qū)、市）提高了最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，平均提高幅度為17%。外出農(nóng)民工月平均收入2,609元，比2012年增加319元。全國(guó)基層工會(huì)組織和職工維權(quán)機(jī)構(gòu)繼續(xù)保持較快發(fā)展。截至2013年，各地鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)街道勞動(dòng)爭(zhēng)議調(diào)解組織組建率達(dá)60%，同比增加10個(gè)百分點(diǎn)；勞動(dòng)人事爭(zhēng)議仲裁委員會(huì)組建率達(dá)91.6%；全國(guó)勞動(dòng)人事爭(zhēng)議仲裁院建院率為72.7%，同比增加約20個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。截至2013年，全國(guó)共有基層工會(huì)組織277萬(wàn)個(gè)，比2012年增長(zhǎng)4%；全國(guó)簽訂有效集體合同129.8萬(wàn)份，比2012年增長(zhǎng)6%，覆蓋364萬(wàn)家企業(yè)1.6億職工，分別比2012年增長(zhǎng)18%和9%。加大幫扶困難職工工作力度，773.9萬(wàn)人次困難職工得到幫助。 | The basic rights of workers are guaranteed. In 2013 a total of 27 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) raised their minimum wage standards, averaging a 17 percent annual hike. The average monthly income of rural workers employed away from their homes was 2,609 yuan, an increase of 319 yuan over 2012. Community-level trade unions and organizations for safeguarding workers' rights continue to maintain a relatively rapid pace of development. By the end of 2013 the formation rate of labor dispute mediation organizations in townships and subdistricts had reached 60 percent, an increase of 10 percent year on year; the formation rate of labor dispute arbitration committees had reached 91.6 percent; and the rate of labor dispute arbitration courts nationwide was 72.7 percent, up 20 percent year on year. The number of community-level trade unions increased to 2.77 million, up 4 percent over 2012; a total of 1.298 million effective collective contracts were signed throughout the country, involving 3.64 million enterprises and 160 million employees, up 6 percent, 18 percent and 9 percent over 2012, respectively. Assistance to impoverished workers was strengthened, benefiting 7.739 million people in 2013. |
| 保障性安居工程建設(shè)不斷推進(jìn)。2013年，中央財(cái)政下達(dá)2,003億元補(bǔ)助資金，支持各地加快保障性住房建設(shè)和棚戶區(qū)改造，完善配套基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。全年新開工建設(shè)保障性住房和棚戶區(qū)改造住房660萬(wàn)套，基本建成540萬(wàn)套。截至2013年，全國(guó)累計(jì)解決了3,600多萬(wàn)戶城鎮(zhèn)家庭的住房困難。地級(jí)以上城市均制定了外來務(wù)工人員申請(qǐng)住房保障的條件、程序和輪候規(guī)則，住房保障制度由僅覆蓋城鎮(zhèn)戶籍家庭擴(kuò)展到覆蓋全部常住人口。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村危房改造，全年改造農(nóng)村危房266萬(wàn)戶。 | The government-subsidized housing projects continue to make progress. In 2013 the central government appropriated 200.3 billion yuan to help facilitate the building of government-subsidized housing and the rebuilding of dilapidated areas in all regions, and the improvement of supporting infrastructure. In the same year, construction of 6.6 million government-subsidized housing units and housing units in dilapidated areas started, and 5.4 million were basically finished. By the end of the year China had provided housing for another 36 million urban families. Cities at prefectural level and above had all worked out the conditions, procedures and waiting rules for government-subsidized housing applications by migrant workers, and the government-subsidized housing system had expanded to cover not only households with permanent urban residency but all the resident population in urban areas. China continued to promote the renovation of rural housing, renovating 2.66 million dilapidated rural houses in 2013. |
| 農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)扎實(shí)推進(jìn)。2013年，國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)布了《關(guān)于創(chuàng)新機(jī)制扎實(shí)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)工作的意見》。中央財(cái)政投入專項(xiàng)扶貧資金394億元，比上年增加了62億元。2013年全國(guó)農(nóng)村共有1,650萬(wàn)人脫貧。國(guó)家扶貧開發(fā)工作重點(diǎn)縣農(nóng)村居民人均純收入5,389元，比上年增加787元，扣除價(jià)格因素，實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)13.8%，增幅繼續(xù)高于全國(guó)平均水平。 | Poverty reduction in rural areas is making steady headway. In 2013 the State Council issued Opinions on Promoting Rural Poverty Alleviation though Innovation Mechanisms. The central government appropriated 39.4 billion yuan on poverty reduction, an increase of 6.2 billion yuan over the previous year. In 2013 some 16.5 million rural residents got rid of poverty. The per capita net income for rural residents in the counties which are key targets of the government's poverty-reduction work reached 5,389 yuan, an increase of 787 yuan over 2012, or up 13.8 percent in real terms, a growth rate higher than that of the average level in China. |
| 基層貧困地區(qū)教育保障力度加大。2013年全國(guó)公共財(cái)政教育支出21,877億元，增長(zhǎng)3%，對(duì)農(nóng)村貧困地區(qū)予以重點(diǎn)傾斜。2013年，中央財(cái)政安排營(yíng)養(yǎng)膳食補(bǔ)助資金190億元（含地方試點(diǎn)獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)資金22.18億元），食堂建設(shè)專項(xiàng)資金近100億元。截至2013年，共有3,245萬(wàn)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育學(xué)生享受營(yíng)養(yǎng)補(bǔ)助政策，其中：全國(guó)22個(gè)省份的699個(gè)集中連片特困縣（包括新疆兵團(tuán)19個(gè)團(tuán)場(chǎng)）開展了國(guó)家試點(diǎn)，覆蓋學(xué)校9.59萬(wàn)所，受益學(xué)生3,200萬(wàn)人；19個(gè)省份的529個(gè)縣開展了地方試點(diǎn)，覆蓋學(xué)校3.98萬(wàn)所，受益學(xué)生1,002萬(wàn)人。中央下達(dá)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育薄弱學(xué)校改造計(jì)劃資金100億元，重點(diǎn)支持中西部農(nóng)村地區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)改善薄弱學(xué)校辦學(xué)條件。中央財(cái)政安排資金165億元，支持和引導(dǎo)地方擴(kuò)大學(xué)前教育資源，鼓勵(lì)地方建立學(xué)前教育資助制度，幫助家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難兒童、孤兒和殘疾兒童接受普惠性學(xué)前教育；安排普通高中國(guó)家助學(xué)金46.47億元，資助家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生近500萬(wàn)人；所有農(nóng)村學(xué)生、城市涉農(nóng)專業(yè)和家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生均享受中職免學(xué)費(fèi)政策，一、二年級(jí)在校涉農(nóng)專業(yè)學(xué)生和非涉農(nóng)專業(yè)家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生享受國(guó)家助學(xué)金。30個(gè)?。▍^(qū)、市）向社會(huì)公布了進(jìn)城務(wù)工人員隨遷子女在當(dāng)?shù)貐⒓痈呖嫉膶?shí)施方案，12個(gè)省市開始解決隨遷子女在當(dāng)?shù)貐⒓痈呖紗栴}。 | Education in poverty-stricken areas is better ensured, with bigger efforts being made in this regard. The expenditure from public finance on education in 2013 was 2187.7 billion yuan, up 3 percent over the previous year and mainly focusing on poverty-stricken rural areas. In the same year, the central financial body allocated 19 billion yuan of nutrition subsidies (including 2.218 billion yuan of government awards and subsidies for local pilot projects) and a special fund of nearly 10 billion yuan for building student dining halls. By the end of 2013 some 32.45 million rural students receiving compulsory education were benefiting from the nutrition subsidy policy. A total of 699 counties with contiguous poor areas (including 19 regiment-level entities of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps) in 22 provincial-level administrative areas carried out pilot projects, covering 95,900 schools and benefiting 32 million students; 529 counties in 19 provincial-level administrative areas launched pilot projects, covering 39,800 schools and benefiting 10.02 million students. The central government appropriated 10 billion yuan to upgrade rural schools with poor compulsory education conditions, with the focus on supporting the central and western rural areas, regions inhabited by ethnic minorities and poverty-stricken areas in improving their compulsory education conditions. The government allocated 16.5 billion yuan of funds from the central budget to support and lead the expansion of preschool educational resources in various regions, and to encourage the local governments to establish the preschool education financial assistance system so as to help impoverished children, orphans and disabled children receive preschool education; the government also provided 4.647 billion yuan of national grants to regular senior high schools, benefiting nearly 5 million students from poverty-stricken households; secondary vocational education was made free for all rural students, urban students whose majors are related to agriculture, and urban impoverished students, and the first- and second-grade students whose majors are related to agriculture or who are from impoverished households enjoy national grants. Thirty provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) have released policies allowing the children of rural migrant workers who live in cities to take the local college entrance examinations, and 12 provinces and municipalities have started solving the problem. |
| 公民享受更加優(yōu)質(zhì)、均等的文化服務(wù)。繼續(xù)實(shí)施《全國(guó)地市級(jí)公共文化設(shè)施建設(shè)規(guī)劃》，開展創(chuàng)建國(guó)家公共服務(wù)體系示范區(qū)（項(xiàng)目）工作，中央和各地投入創(chuàng)建的財(cái)政資金超過180億元。截至2013年，文化信息資源共享工程已建成1個(gè)國(guó)家中心，33個(gè)省級(jí)分中心，2,843個(gè)市縣支中心，29,555個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)（街道）基層服務(wù)點(diǎn)，60.2萬(wàn)個(gè)行政村（社區(qū)）基層服務(wù)點(diǎn)，部分省（區(qū)、市）村級(jí)覆蓋范圍已延伸到自然村；已建設(shè)公共電子閱覽室42,654個(gè)，其中鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)27,706個(gè)，街道2,282個(gè)，社區(qū)12,666個(gè)。2013年，全國(guó)公共圖書館共發(fā)放借書證2,877萬(wàn)個(gè)，比上年增加393萬(wàn)個(gè)；總流通人次49,232萬(wàn)人次，比上年增加5795萬(wàn)人次。2013年，全國(guó)群眾文化機(jī)構(gòu)共組織開展各類活動(dòng)128.84萬(wàn)場(chǎng)次，服務(wù)人次43,431萬(wàn)人次。國(guó)家通過實(shí)施廣播電視村村通戶戶通、全國(guó)文化信息資源共享、農(nóng)家書屋、農(nóng)村電影公益放映、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)綜合文化站建設(shè)等一系列重大文化惠民工程，將公共文化資源直接輸送到基層。2013年，全國(guó)公共財(cái)政文化體育與傳媒支出2519.56億元，比上年增長(zhǎng)11.1%。2013年，中央財(cái)政用于公共文化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)的資金達(dá)170億元，比上年增加16億元，增長(zhǎng)10.55%。在資金支出時(shí)切實(shí)貫徹落實(shí)增量經(jīng)費(fèi)主要用于基層、用于農(nóng)村的規(guī)定，并向老少邊窮地區(qū)傾斜?；竟参幕?wù)均等化取得進(jìn)展。 | Chinese citizens enjoy better and equal cultural services. China has continued to implement the National Construction Plan of Prefectural (City) Level Public Cultural Facilities, and has started the project of building demonstration sites of the national public service system, with 18 billion yuan of funds from the central and local public finance. By the end of 2013, with the cultural information resource-sharing program, China had built one service center at the national level, 33 sub-centers at the provincial level, 2,843 branches at the county level, 29,555 service stations at the township (subdistrict) level, and 602,000 service outlets at the incorporated village (community) level, and the service outlet coverage in some provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) has extended to unincorporated villages; China has built 42,654 public electronic reading rooms, among which 27,706 are in townships, 2,282 are in subdistricts and 12,666 are in communities. In 2013 public libraries in China handed out 28.77 million library cards, 3.93 million more than in the previous year; the number of visits to libraries reached 492.32 million, 57.95 million more than in the previous year. In the same year, cultural institutes across the country organized 1.2884 million activities of various kinds to provide services to 434.31 million people. China has delivered public cultural resources directly to communities by implementing a series of major cultural projects benefiting the people, including providing radio and television services to every household of rural areas, launching the national cultural information resource-sharing program, building libraries for farmers, projecting free films in rural areas, and setting up township cultural stations. In 2013 the country' s total funds for culture, sports and media services provided by the public finances reached 251.956 billion yuan, an increase of 11.1 percent as compared with the previous year. The central government spent 17 billion yuan on the building of the public cultural service system, an increase of 1.6 billion yuan, or 10.55 percent over the previous year. The government uses incremental funds mainly at the community level and in rural areas, and provides preferential policies to former revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, border areas and impoverished regions. Public cultural services have also been made more equitable. |
| 跳轉(zhuǎn)至目錄 >> | Back to Contents >> |
Go to Forum >>0 Comment(s)
No comments.
