《“一國兩制”在香港特別行政區(qū)的實(shí)踐》白皮書
White Paper: The Practice of the 'One Country, Two Systems' Policy in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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調(diào)整字號大小: 
| 二、特別行政區(qū)制度在香港的確立 | II. Establishment of the Special Administrative Region System in Hong Kong |
| 憲法和香港基本法規(guī)定的特別行政區(qū)制度是國家對某些區(qū)域采取的特殊管理制度。在這一制度下，中央擁有對香港特別行政區(qū)的全面管治權(quán)，既包括中央直接行使的權(quán)力，也包括授權(quán)香港特別行政區(qū)依法實(shí)行高度自治。對于香港特別行政區(qū)的高度自治權(quán)，中央具有監(jiān)督權(quán)力。 | The system of the special administrative region, as prescribed in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and the Basic Law of the HKSAR, is a special administrative system developed by the state for certain regions. Under this system, the central government exercises overall jurisdiction over the HKSAR, including the powers directly exercised by the central government, and the powers delegated to the HKSAR by the central government to enable it to exercise a high degree of autonomy in accordance with the law. The central government has the power of oversight over the exercise of a high degree of autonomy in the HKSAR. |
| （一）中央依法直接行使管治權(quán) | 1. The Central Leadership Directly Exercises Jurisdiction over the HKSAR in Accordance with the Law |
| 根據(jù)憲法和香港基本法的規(guī)定，中央直接行使對香港特別行政區(qū)管治權(quán)的權(quán)力主體包括全國人民代表大會及其常委會、國家主席、中央人民政府、中央軍事委員會。全國人大決定香港特別行政區(qū)的設(shè)立，制定香港基本法以規(guī)定在香港特別行政區(qū)實(shí)行的制度，并擁有基本法的修改權(quán)。全國人大常委會擁有香港基本法的解釋權(quán)，對香港特別行政區(qū)行政長官產(chǎn)生辦法和立法會產(chǎn)生辦法修改的決定權(quán)，對香港特別行政區(qū)立法機(jī)關(guān)制定的法律的監(jiān)督權(quán)，對香港特別行政區(qū)進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)的決定權(quán)，以及向香港特別行政區(qū)作出新授權(quán)的權(quán)力。香港特別行政區(qū)直轄于中央人民政府，行政長官向中央人民政府負(fù)責(zé)，中央人民政府擁有任命行政長官和主要官員、依法管理與香港特別行政區(qū)有關(guān)的外交事務(wù)、向行政長官發(fā)出指令的權(quán)力。中央軍事委員會領(lǐng)導(dǎo)香港駐軍，履行防務(wù)職責(zé)，等等。中央依法履行憲法和香港基本法賦予的全面管治權(quán)和憲制責(zé)任，有效管治香港特別行政區(qū)。 | As prescribed in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and the Basic Law of the HKSAR, the organs of power by which the central leadership directly exercises jurisdiction over the HKSAR are the NPC and its Standing Committee, the president of the state, the Central People's Government, and the Central Military Commission. The NPC decided on the establishment of the HKSAR, formulated the Basic Law of the HKSAR to prescribe the system to be instituted in the HKSAR, and has the power of amendment to the Basic Law. The NPC Standing Committee has the power of interpretation regarding the Basic Law of the HKSAR, the power of decision on revising the selection methods of the chief executive and the Legislative Council of the HKSAR, the power of supervision over the laws formulated by the legislative organs of the HKSAR, the power of decision on the HKSAR entering a state of emergency, and the power of making new authorization for the HKSAR. The HKSAR comes directly under the Central People's Government, and its chief executive is accountable to the Central People's Government. The Central People's Government appoints the chief executive and the principal officials, is responsible for foreign affairs relating to the HKSAR in accordance with the law, and issues directives to the chief executive. The Central Military Commission is the leading body of the Hong Kong garrison, and performs defense and other duties. The central authorities perform overall jurisdiction and constitutional duties as prescribed in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and in the Basic Law of the HKSAR, and exercise effective administration over the HKSAR. |
| ——組建香港特別行政區(qū)政權(quán)機(jī)關(guān)?；貧w前夕，香港特別行政區(qū)籌備委員會完成組建香港特別行政區(qū)第一屆政府推選委員會，推選委員會選舉董建華為香港特別行政區(qū)第一任行政長官人選，隨后中央人民政府任命其為特別行政區(qū)首任行政長官；推選委員會還選舉產(chǎn)生臨時(shí)立法會議員；首任行政長官董建華任命終審法院法官和高等法院首席法官。上述工作的完成，確保了中央在香港特別行政區(qū)成立時(shí)即實(shí)施有效管治。香港回歸后，中央人民政府先后任命經(jīng)選舉產(chǎn)生的行政長官人選董建華、曾蔭權(quán)、梁振英為第二至第四任行政長官，還任免了歷屆香港特別行政區(qū)政府主要官員。國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人出席行政長官和政府主要官員就職典禮并監(jiān)督他們宣誓。 | - Forming the power organs of the HKSAR. Prior to the return of Hong Kong, the Preparatory Committee of the HKSAR completed the organization of the Selection Committee of the First Government of the HKSAR. The Selection Committee elected Tung Chee-hwa as the first chief executive of the HKSAR, and then the Central People's Government appointed him as the chief executive. The Selection Committee also elected members of the interim Legislative Council. The first chief executive, Tung Chee-hwa, appointed the judges of the Court of Final Appeal, and the chief justice of the High Court. The completion of the above work ensured the effective administration of the HKSAR by the central leadership upon its establishment. After the return of Hong Kong to China, the Central People's Government appointed Tung Chee-hwa, Donald Tsang and Leung Chun-ying, all elected, as chief executives of the HKSAR in that order, and appointed and dismissed key officials of their administrations. China's state leaders attended the inauguration ceremonies of the chief executives and key government officials, and heard them take their oaths of office. |
| ——支持指導(dǎo)香港特別行政區(qū)行政長官和政府依法施政。行政長官每年向中央政府述職，報(bào)告基本法貫徹執(zhí)行情況等須向中央政府負(fù)責(zé)的事項(xiàng)，國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人就貫徹落實(shí)基本法的重大事項(xiàng)對行政長官予以指導(dǎo)。中央政府設(shè)立國務(wù)院港澳事務(wù)辦公室作為國務(wù)院處理港澳事務(wù)的辦事機(jī)構(gòu)，負(fù)責(zé)貫徹執(zhí)行“一國兩制”方針政策和中央的有關(guān)指示，承擔(dān)與香港特別行政區(qū)政府的工作聯(lián)系等職責(zé)；設(shè)立中央人民政府駐香港特別行政區(qū)聯(lián)絡(luò)辦公室作為中央政府駐港機(jī)構(gòu)，履行聯(lián)系外交部駐港特派員公署和香港駐軍、促進(jìn)香港與內(nèi)地各領(lǐng)域的交流與合作、聯(lián)系香港社會各界人士、處理有關(guān)涉臺事務(wù)等職責(zé)。 | - Supporting and guiding the administration of the chief executive and government of the HKSAR in accordance with the law. The chief executive reports his/her work to the central government on an annual basis, on the implementation of the Basic Law and other items for which he/she is accountable to the central government; and the state leaders give guidance to the chief executive on major matters related to the implementation of the Basic Law. The central government has established the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office of the State Council as an administrative office of the State Council to handle Hong Kong and Macau affairs. The office works to implement the "one country, two systems" principle and related directives of the central government, and is responsible for communicating with the government of the HKSAR. The Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the HKSAR is a resident organ of the Central People's Government in Hong Kong. Its duties involve communication with the Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the HKSAR and the PLA Hong Kong Garrison, the promotion of exchanges and cooperation between Hong Kong and the mainland in various areas, communication with personages from all sectors of Hong Kong society, and the handling of affairs involving Taiwan. |
| ——負(fù)責(zé)管理與香港特別行政區(qū)有關(guān)的外交事務(wù)。第一，支持香港特別行政區(qū)積極開展對外交往與合作。支持和協(xié)助香港以適當(dāng)身份參與國際組織和國際會議。協(xié)助香港申辦各類重要國際會議，支持香港發(fā)展國際會展中心、區(qū)域法律服務(wù)和糾紛解決中心。支持推薦香港人士到國際組織任職，支持香港特別行政區(qū)護(hù)照在其他國家和地區(qū)獲得免簽待遇，支持香港特別行政區(qū)政府駐外經(jīng)貿(mào)辦事處開展工作。第二，妥善處理國際條約在香港特別行政區(qū)的適用等條約法律問題。辦理香港新適用的多邊條約及修正案超過170項(xiàng)。授權(quán)香港對外締結(jié)投資保護(hù)、民航、稅收、司法協(xié)助類協(xié)定338項(xiàng)。協(xié)助香港接受國際公約履約審議。支持香港在經(jīng)濟(jì)、貿(mào)易、金融、航運(yùn)、通訊、旅游、文化、體育等領(lǐng)域以“中國香港”的名義單獨(dú)同世界各國、各地區(qū)及有關(guān)國際組織保持和發(fā)展關(guān)系，簽訂和履行有關(guān)協(xié)議。授權(quán)和協(xié)助香港對外開展司法合作。第三，審批外國在香港特別行政區(qū)設(shè)立領(lǐng)事機(jī)構(gòu)或其他官方、半官方機(jī)構(gòu)。目前，外國在香港協(xié)議設(shè)立的總領(lǐng)事館達(dá)66個(gè)、名譽(yù)領(lǐng)事73位。第四，全力維護(hù)香港同胞在海外的安全與合法權(quán)益，積極開展涉港領(lǐng)事保護(hù)工作。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，截至2013年底，中國駐外使領(lǐng)館共處理萬余起涉港領(lǐng)保案。第五，防范和遏制外部勢力干預(yù)香港事務(wù)。香港事務(wù)是中國內(nèi)政，針對個(gè)別國家的干預(yù)言行，中央政府及時(shí)通過外交渠道進(jìn)行交涉。外交部在香港特別行政區(qū)設(shè)立特派員公署，處理外交事務(wù)。 | - Responsible for foreign affairs involving the HKSAR. First, the central leadership supports the HKSAR in actively carrying out international exchanges and cooperation; supports and assists the HKSAR in participating in international organizations and conferences in a proper capacity; assists the HKSAR in bidding to host important international conferences of various kinds, and supports the HKSAR in developing international conference centers, regional legal services and dispute settlement centers; supports the recommendation of Hong Kong residents to take up posts in international organizations; supports the promotion of visa waivers for HKSAR passport holders in other countries and regions; and supports the work of trade offices of the HKSAR government in other countries and regions. Second, the role of the central leadership also includes properly handling legal issues involving Hong Kong, such as the application of international conventions in Hong Kong. The number of multilateral treaties and amendments that have become applicable in the HKSAR now exceeds 170, and the number of agreements concluded with other countries with the authorization of the central government regarding investment protection, civil aviation, taxation and judicial assistance has reached 338. The central government assists the HKSAR in accepting reviews on the implementation of international conventions, supports it in maintaining and developing ties, and in signing and implementing treaties and agreements with other countries, regions and related international organizations in the name of "Hong Kong, China" in the areas of economy, trade, finance, maritime transport, communications, tourism, culture and sports. It also authorizes and assists Hong Kong in conducting judicial cooperation with other countries. Third, it ratifies the establishment of consulates and other governmental or quasi-governmental organizations of foreign countries in the HKSAR. Currently, there are 66 consulates-general set up by foreign countries under related agreements in the HKSAR, with 73 honorary consuls. Fourth, it strives to ensure the safety and legitimate rights and interests of Hong Kong compatriots while in other countries, and actively offers consular protection to Hong Kong travelers abroad. By the end of 2013, Chinese embassies and consulates overseas had handled over 10,000 cases of consular protection involving Hong Kong residents. Fifth, it prevents foreign forces from interfering in Hong Kong's affairs. Hong Kong's affairs are internal affairs of China, and the Chinese government has made timely representations with certain countries through diplomatic channels regarding their words and actions of interference. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has established the Office of the Commissioner in the HKSAR to attend to foreign affairs involving Hong Kong. |
| ——負(fù)責(zé)管理香港特別行政區(qū)的防務(wù)。經(jīng)中央決定并于1996年1月組建中國人民解放軍駐香港部隊(duì)。1996年12月30日，第八屆全國人大常委會第二十三次會議通過《中華人民共和國香港特別行政區(qū)駐軍法》。1997年7月1日零時(shí)，香港駐軍進(jìn)駐香港，依法履行防備和抵抗侵略、保衛(wèi)香港特別行政區(qū)的安全，擔(dān)負(fù)防衛(wèi)勤務(wù)，管理軍事設(shè)施，承辦有關(guān)的涉外軍事事宜等防務(wù)職責(zé)。香港駐軍堅(jiān)持依法駐軍、依法治軍，認(rèn)真完成各項(xiàng)防務(wù)任務(wù)，組織?？昭策?、?？针y搜救演習(xí)、諸軍兵種聯(lián)合演習(xí)、跨營區(qū)機(jī)動演練等軍事行動，為維護(hù)國家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整提供了有力保障。香港駐軍還踴躍參加香港社會公益活動，開展軍營開放、舉辦香港青少年軍事夏令營等活動，加強(qiáng)軍地互訪聯(lián)系，增進(jìn)香港駐軍與香港居民的相互了解和信任，充分展現(xiàn)了威武之師、文明之師的良好形象。 | - Responsible for the defense of the HKSAR. The central leadership made the decision and authorized the formation of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Hong Kong Garrison in January 1996, and on December 30 the same year, the 23rd Session of the Eighth NPC Standing Committee adopted the Law of the People's Republic of China on Garrisoning the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. At midnight on July 1, 1997, troops of the PLA Hong Kong Garrison entered Hong Kong to take over the defense of the HKSAR. The Garrison's duties include guarding against and resisting aggression, ensuring the security of the HKSAR, performing defense services, managing military installations, and handling military affairs involving other countries in accordance with the law. The Garrison adheres to the law in performing its duties, and oversees military conduct in accordance with the law. It diligently fulfills its duties in defense, organizing sea and air patrols and carrying out search and rescue exercises in case of maritime or air emergencies, joint exercises of combined arms, and cross-district maneuvers, vigorously safeguarding China's sovereignty and territorial integrity. The Garrison also actively takes part in activities to promote the public good in Hong Kong, inviting local residents to visit the Garrison barracks and holding summer military camps for young students, in an effort to strengthen ties between the Garrison and the local community. All this has helped enhance the mutual understanding and trust between the Garrison and the people of Hong Kong, fully exemplifying the valor and good conduct of the PLA. |
| ——行使憲法和香港基本法賦予全國人大常委會的職權(quán)。第一，對香港特別行政區(qū)立法機(jī)關(guān)制定的法律予以備案審查。截至2013年底，全國人大常委會收到香港特別行政區(qū)報(bào)請備案的法律共570件。第二，對香港基本法附件三所列在特別行政區(qū)實(shí)施的全國性法律作出增減決定。目前，共有12部全國性法律列入香港基本法附件三，并在香港實(shí)施。第三，對香港特別行政區(qū)作出新的授權(quán)。1996年，全國人大常委會即授權(quán)香港特別行政區(qū)政府指定其入境事務(wù)處為香港特別行政區(qū)受理國籍申請的機(jī)關(guān)，根據(jù)國籍法及其解釋規(guī)定對所有國籍申請事宜作出處理。2006年，全國人大常委會授權(quán)香港對深圳灣口岸港方口岸區(qū)依照特別行政區(qū)法律實(shí)施管轄。第四，對香港基本法作出解釋。全國人大常委會先后于1999年、2004年、2005年、2011年分別就香港永久性居民在香港以外所生中國籍子女等的居留權(quán)問題、行政長官產(chǎn)生辦法和立法會產(chǎn)生辦法修改的法律程序問題、補(bǔ)選產(chǎn)生的行政長官的任期問題和國家豁免原則等問題，對基本法及其附件的有關(guān)條款作出解釋。第五，對香港特別行政區(qū)政制發(fā)展問題作出決定。全國人大常委會2004年對香港特別行政區(qū)2007年行政長官和2008年立法會產(chǎn)生辦法有關(guān)問題作出決定；2007年對香港特別行政區(qū)2012年行政長官和立法會產(chǎn)生辦法及有關(guān)普選問題作出決定。第六，批準(zhǔn)和備案香港特別行政區(qū)行政長官和立法會產(chǎn)生辦法修正案。2010年，批準(zhǔn)香港特別行政區(qū)2012年行政長官產(chǎn)生辦法修正案，同意將2012年立法會產(chǎn)生辦法和表決程序修正案予以備案。第七，對香港特別行政區(qū)終審法院法官和高等法院首席法官的任命或免職進(jìn)行備案，等等。此外，根據(jù)香港基本法和全國人大有關(guān)決定，1997年7月1日香港基本法實(shí)施時(shí)設(shè)立的全國人大常委會香港基本法委員會，由內(nèi)地和香港人士共同組成，負(fù)責(zé)就香港特別行政區(qū)立法機(jī)關(guān)制定的法律是否符合基本法關(guān)于中央管理的事務(wù)及中央和香港特別行政區(qū)的關(guān)系的條款、對附件三所列適用于香港的全國性法律的增減以及基本法的解釋或修改等問題，向全國人大常委會提供意見。 | - Exercising power granted to the NPC Standing Committee by the Constitution of the PRC and the Basic Law of the HKSAR. First, the NPC Standing Committee keeps record of the laws drawn up by the legislature of the HKSAR for review. By the end of 2013, the HKSAR had reported a total of 570 local laws to the NPC Standing Committee for the record. Second, it adds or subtracts national laws applicable in the HKSAR as listed in Annex III of the Basic Law of the HKSAR. Currently, 12 national laws are listed in Annex III of the Basic Law of the HKSAR for implementation. Third, it makes new authorizations to the HKSAR. In 1996, the NPC Standing Committee empowered the HKSAR government to appoint its immigration department as the office to accept applications for nationality in the HKSAR and handle the applications in accordance with the Nationality Law and its interpretations. In 2006, the NPC Standing Committee authorized the HKSAR to run the Hong Kong section of the Shenzhen Bay Port in accordance with the laws of the HKSAR. Fourth, it makes interpretations regarding the Basic Law of the HKSAR. The NPC Standing Committee made interpretations of the related articles of the Basic Law in 1999, 2004, 2005 and 2011 on the following questions respectively: the right of abode in Hong Kong for permanent Hong Kong residents' children born outside Hong Kong and with Chinese nationality, the legal procedure for modifying the selection methods of the chief executive and the Legislative Council, the length of the term of a by-elected chief executive, and the principles of state immunity, and interpretations of relevant provisions in the Basic Law and its appendixes. Fifth, it decides on issues relating to the constitutional development in the HKSAR. The NPC Standing Committee made decisions in 2004 and 2007, respectively, on the selection method of the chief executive for 2007 and the Legislative Council for 2008, and the selection method of the chief executive, the Legislative Council and the general election for 2012. Sixth, it ratifies and keeps record of the amendments to the selection methods of the chief executive and Legislative Council of the HKSAR. In 2010, the NPC Standing Committee ratified the HKSAR's amendment to the selection method of the chief executive for 2012, agreeing to put on record the amendment to the selection method and voting procedure of the Legislative Council for 2012. Seventh, it keeps records of the appointment and removal of the judges of the Court of Final Appeal and the chief judge of the High Court of the HKSAR. In addition, according to the Basic Law of the HKSAR and relevant decisions of the NPC, the Basic Law Committee of the HKSAR of the NPC Standing Committee, established on July 1, 1997, when the Basic Law came into effect, is composed of members from the mainland and Hong Kong, and is responsible for providing opinions to the NPC Standing Committee on issues such as whether the laws drawn up by the HKSAR's legislature comply with the provisions of the Basic Law on the range of affairs responsible by the central government and the relationship between the central government and the HKSAR, on adding or subtracting the national laws applicable in Hong Kong as listed in Annex III and on the interpretation or revision of the Basic Law, and related issues. |
| （二）香港特別行政區(qū)依法實(shí)行高度自治 | 2. The HKSAR Exercises a High Degree of Autonomy in Accordance with the Law |
| 香港特別行政區(qū)成立后，保持原有資本主義制度和生活方式不變，法律基本不變。特別行政區(qū)依法保護(hù)私有財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)，保持自由港和單獨(dú)關(guān)稅區(qū)地位、保持財(cái)政獨(dú)立，實(shí)行獨(dú)立的稅收制度，自行制定經(jīng)貿(mào)、金融和教科文衛(wèi)體政策，等等。根據(jù)香港基本法和全國人大常委會關(guān)于處理香港原有法律的決定，香港原有法律，即普通法、衡平法、條例、附屬立法和習(xí)慣法，除同香港基本法相抵觸或經(jīng)香港特別行政區(qū)立法機(jī)關(guān)作出修改者外，予以保留。在此基礎(chǔ)上，香港特別行政區(qū)依法實(shí)行高度自治，充分行使行政管理權(quán)、立法權(quán)、獨(dú)立的司法權(quán)和終審權(quán)。 | After the establishment of the HKSAR, the previous capitalist system and way of life remain unchanged in Hong Kong, and existing laws remain basically unchanged. Adhering to the law, the HKSAR protects the right of ownership of private property, maintains the status of Hong Kong as a free port and a separate customs territory, maintains independent finances, practices an independent taxation system, and formulates its own policies regarding trade, finance, education, science, culture, public health and sports. In accordance with the Basic Law of the HKSAR and the decision of the NPC Standing Committee on handling the laws previously practiced in Hong Kong, the laws previously in force in Hong Kong, that is, the common law, rules of equity, ordinances, subordinate legislation and customary law are maintained, except for any that contravene the Basic Law and are subject to any amendment by the legislature of the HKSAR. On this basis, the HKSAR exercises a high degree of autonomy, and fully exercises its administrative, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. |
| 香港特別行政區(qū)行政長官是特別行政區(qū)的首長，代表香港特別行政區(qū)，既對中央人民政府負(fù)責(zé)又對香港特別行政區(qū)負(fù)責(zé)。行政長官還是特別行政區(qū)政府的首長，依法履行基本法授予的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)特別行政區(qū)政府、負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行基本法以及其他各項(xiàng)職權(quán)。行政長官在行使職權(quán)時(shí)須執(zhí)行中央人民政府就香港基本法有關(guān)事項(xiàng)發(fā)出的指令。特別行政區(qū)政府由香港永久性居民依照基本法有關(guān)規(guī)定組成，設(shè)政務(wù)司、財(cái)政司、律政司和各局、處、署，行使基本法規(guī)定的制定和執(zhí)行政策、管理各項(xiàng)行政事務(wù)等職權(quán)。特別行政區(qū)享有的行政管理權(quán)極為廣泛，涵蓋經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育、科學(xué)、文化、體育、宗教、社會服務(wù)、社會治安、出入境管理等領(lǐng)域。此外，根據(jù)中央政府的授權(quán)，特別行政區(qū)還享有一定的對外事務(wù)權(quán)。 | The chief executive of the HKSAR is the head of the Special Administrative Region. He/she represents the HKSAR and is accountable to both the Central People's Government and the HKSAR. The chief executive is also the head of the government of the Special Administrative Region, and exercises powers and functions conferred by the Basic Law, such as leading the government of the region and being responsible for the implementation of the Basic Law. While exercising his/her powers and functions, the chief executive shall implement the directives issued by the Central People's Government in respect of the relevant matters provided for in the Basic Law of the HKSAR. The government of the HKSAR is composed of permanent residents of Hong Kong in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Basic Law, with a Department of Administration, a Department of Finance, a Department of Justice, and various bureaus, divisions and commissions to exercise powers and functions such as formulating and implementing policies and conducting administrative affairs, as prescribed by the Basic Law. The HKSAR enjoys administrative power in a wide range of areas, including the economy, education, science, culture, sports, religion, social services, public order, and control of entry and exit of the region. In addition, the HKSAR conducts external affairs as authorized by the Central People's Government. |
| 香港特別行政區(qū)立法會是特別行政區(qū)的立法機(jī)關(guān)，經(jīng)選舉產(chǎn)生并根據(jù)基本法行使職權(quán)，包括根據(jù)基本法規(guī)定并依照法定程序制定、修改和廢除法律；根據(jù)政府的提案，審核、通過財(cái)政預(yù)算；批準(zhǔn)稅收和公共開支等。特別行政區(qū)享有的立法權(quán)也極為廣泛，可以依照基本法制定民事、刑事、商事和訴訟程序等各方面適用于特別行政區(qū)的法律。特別行政區(qū)立法會制定的法律須報(bào)全國人大常委會備案。全國人大常委會在征詢香港基本法委員會后，如認(rèn)為特別行政區(qū)立法機(jī)關(guān)制定的任何法律不符合基本法關(guān)于中央管理的事務(wù)及中央和特別行政區(qū)的關(guān)系的條款，可將有關(guān)法律發(fā)回，但不作修改。經(jīng)全國人大常委會發(fā)回的法律立即失效。 | The Legislative Council of the HKSAR is the legislature of the HKSAR. It is formed by election, and exercises the following powers and functions in accordance with the Basic Law: enacting, amending or repealing laws in accordance with the provisions of the Basic Law and legal procedures; examining and approving budgets introduced by the government, and approving taxation and public expenditure, among others. The HKSAR enjoys legislative power in a wide range of areas, and is empowered to formulate laws relating to civil, criminal and commercial affairs, as well as judicial proceedings, for application in the region in accordance with the Basic Law. The laws drawn up by the Legislative Council of the HKSAR must be reported to the NPC Standing Committee for the record. If the NPC Standing Committee, after consulting the Committee for the Basic Law of the HKSAR, considers that any law enacted by the legislature of the region is not in conformity with the provisions of the Basic Law regarding affairs within the responsibility of the central leadership or regarding the relationship between the central leadership and the region, the Standing Committee may return the law in question but shall not amend it. Any law returned by the NPC Standing Committee is immediately invalidated. |
| 香港特別行政區(qū)各級法院是特別行政區(qū)的司法機(jī)關(guān)，依法獨(dú)立行使審判權(quán)。特別行政區(qū)成立后，設(shè)立終審法院行使特別行政區(qū)的終審權(quán)。原在香港實(shí)行的司法體制，除因設(shè)立終審法院而產(chǎn)生變化外，予以保留。原在香港實(shí)施的普通法及相關(guān)的司法原則和制度，包括獨(dú)立審判原則、遵循先例原則、陪審制度原則等延續(xù)實(shí)行。特別行政區(qū)法院對國防、外交等國家行為無管轄權(quán)，除繼續(xù)保持香港原有法律制度和原則對法院審判權(quán)所作的限制外，對特別行政區(qū)所有的案件均有審判權(quán)。特別行政區(qū)法院審判案件時(shí)可參考其他普通法適用地區(qū)的司法判例，終審法院可根據(jù)需要邀請其他普通法適用地區(qū)的法官參加審判。 | The courts of the HKSAR at all levels are the judiciary of the region, exercising the judicial power of the region. After the establishment of the HKSAR, the Court of Final Appeal was established to exercise the power of final adjudication in the region. The judicial system previously practiced in Hong Kong is maintained except for those changes consequent upon the establishment of the Court of Final Appeal. The common law and relevant judicial principles and systems previously practiced in Hong Kong, including the principle of independent adjudication, the principle of following precedents, and the jury system, continue to apply. The courts of the HKSAR have no jurisdiction over acts of state such as defense and foreign affairs. They have jurisdiction over all civil and criminal cases in the region, except that the restrictions on their jurisdiction imposed by the legal system and principles previously in force in Hong Kong are maintained. When adjudicating cases, the courts of the HKSAR may refer to precedents of other common law jurisdictions, and the Court of Final Appeal may as required invite judges from other common law jurisdictions to sit in the Court of Final Appeal. |
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