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2015年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃報告(全文)
Full text:
Report on China's economic, social development plan (2015)

 
Comment(s)打印 E-mail China.org.cn 2015-03-26
調(diào)整字號大小:

三、2015年經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的主要任務(wù)III. Major Tasks for Economic and Social Development in 2015
今年要著力抓好8方面工作。This year we will carry out work on the following eight areas:
(一)增強內(nèi)需對經(jīng)濟增長的拉動力。著力打造經(jīng)濟發(fā)展新引擎,進一步發(fā)揮消費的基礎(chǔ)作用和投資的關(guān)鍵作用,做到調(diào)速不減勢、量增質(zhì)更優(yōu)。

1. Promoting domestic demand to give a stronger impetus to economic growth

We will rev up new engines for driving economic development, promote the fundamental role of consumer spending and the key role of investment in stimulating growth, and make sure that fluctuations in the growth rate do not weaken the good momentum of China's economic development and that the quality of our growth increases with the size of our economy.

一是多點支撐促進消費擴大和升級。2015年社會消費品零售總額預(yù)期增長13%。第一,多渠道促進居民增收。出臺實施深化收入分配制度改革的配套措施。企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)再提高10%。落實機關(guān)事業(yè)單位養(yǎng)老保險制度改革措施,同步完善工資制度。執(zhí)行好社會救助和保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與物價上漲掛鉤聯(lián)動機制,保障困難群眾基本生活。第二,加快培育新的消費增長點。大力促進養(yǎng)老家政健康、信息、旅游休閑、綠色、住房、教育文化體育等領(lǐng)域消費,支持社會力量舉辦養(yǎng)老、健身、健康、醫(yī)療等服務(wù)機構(gòu),加快推進實施“寬帶中國”戰(zhàn)略和“寬帶鄉(xiāng)村”工程。第三,完善消費環(huán)境。加快建立全國統(tǒng)一社會信用代碼制度和信用信息共享交換平臺,加大聯(lián)合懲戒力度。建立健全消費品質(zhì)量監(jiān)管、追溯、召回制度,強化網(wǎng)購商品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管。完善食品藥品監(jiān)管體系,加強監(jiān)管能力建設(shè),堅決打擊制售假冒偽劣商品行為。開展教育、醫(yī)療、旅游等價格專項檢查,發(fā)揮12358價格舉報管理信息系統(tǒng)作用,依法查處價格壟斷案件和價格欺詐等行為。

1) We will promote consumer spending and upgrade its structure through multi-point support. Total retail sales of consumer goods are expected to increase by 13% in 2015.

First, we will promote increases in personal income through various channels. We will issue and implement supporting measures for deepening reform of the income distribution system. Basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees will be raised by another 10%. We will reform the old-age insurance system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions, while at the same time improving their pay systems. We will utilize the mechanism for increasing social assistance and social security benefits in line with rises in consumer prices to ensure basic living conditions for those in need.

Second, we will accelerate our efforts to nurture new growth areas in consumer spending. We will vigorously promote consumer spending in areas such as elderly care, domestic services, health, information, tourism, recreation, green products, housing, education, culture, and sports, encourage non-government parties to establish and operate institutions that provide services such as elderly care, fitness services, health care, and medical care, and accelerate the pace of implementing the National Broadband Internet Agenda and projects to expand broadband technology in townships and villages.

Third, we will improve the environment for consumer spending. We will speed up the establishment of a national unified system of codes for rating credit and a platform for sharing and communicating information on credit, and make concerted efforts to increase credit-related punishment. We will establish sound systems for monitoring and regulating the quality of products, for tracking product production details, and for recalling products, and intensify monitoring and regulation over the quality and safety of on-line goods. We will improve the system for food and drug oversight and our capacity for carrying out oversight, and resolutely crack down on the manufacture and sale of counterfeit and shoddy goods. We will conduct special inspections to monitor charges concerning education, medical care, and tourism, give full play to the role of the 12358 hotline and website in handling price-related complaints and managing information on pricing, and investigate and deal with cases of monopolistic pricing and practices of price fraud in accordance with the law.

二是著力保持投資平穩(wěn)增長。2015年全社會固定資產(chǎn)投資預(yù)期增長15%。第一,多管齊下擴大有效投資。統(tǒng)籌各類財政性建設(shè)資金,鼓勵引導(dǎo)社會資本,確保完成“十二五”規(guī)劃重點項目建設(shè),啟動實施一批新的重大工程。包括:中西部鐵路和公路、內(nèi)河航道等重大交通工程,信息、電力、油氣等重大網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程,清潔能源及油氣礦產(chǎn)資源保障工程,水利、高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田等農(nóng)業(yè)工程,科技創(chuàng)新和結(jié)構(gòu)升級工程,棚戶區(qū)和危房改造、城市地下管網(wǎng)等民生工程,節(jié)能環(huán)保和生態(tài)建設(shè)工程。這些項目著眼于補短板、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、增加公共產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)供給,具有全局性、基礎(chǔ)性、戰(zhàn)略性,既利當(dāng)前、又惠長遠(yuǎn)。第二,創(chuàng)新機制激活社會投資。優(yōu)化財政資金支持方式,對屬于競爭性領(lǐng)域的產(chǎn)業(yè),可由直接支持具體項目改為設(shè)立投資基金,吸引社會資金投入。積極鼓勵社會資本發(fā)起設(shè)立產(chǎn)業(yè)投資基金和股權(quán)投資基金。創(chuàng)新政府投資方式,通過投資補助、資本金注入等方式,撬動民間投資參與重點建設(shè)。第三,充分發(fā)揮預(yù)算內(nèi)投資的帶動作用。中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資擬安排4776億元,繼續(xù)向農(nóng)業(yè)水利、中西部鐵路、保障性安居工程、重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、生態(tài)建設(shè)、民生、老少邊窮等領(lǐng)域和地區(qū)傾斜,減少“點多面廣量大單項資金少”的補助項目,不再安排競爭性領(lǐng)域一般項目。強化資金使用的監(jiān)督管理。

2) We will work hard to sustain steady growth in investment. Total fixed-asset investment is projected to increase by 15% in 2015.

First, we will expand effective investment by adopting a full range of measures. We will coordinate all kinds of government investment and encourage and guide nongovernmental investment to make sure that major projects as specified in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan are completed and a number of new important projects are launched. These new projects include major transportation projects to build railways and highways in the central and western regions and develop inland waterways; major projects involving information, electricity, oil, and gas networks; clean energy projects and projects to ensure supplies of oil, gas, and mineral resources; agricultural projects to improve water conservancy and develop high-yield cropland; projects related to scientific and technological innovation and structural upgrading; projects concerning people's wellbeing, such as those to rebuild run-down areas, renovate dilapidated houses, and build urban pipeline networks; and projects aimed at energy conservation, environmental protection, and ecological improvement. With the focus on shoring up our weak spots, adjusting the economic structure, and increasing the supply of public goods and services, these projects are of overall, fundamental, and strategic importance to China's development, and will generate both short-term and long-term benefits.

Second, we will make innovations in mechanisms to stimulate nongovernmental investment. We will improve the role of treasury funds in supporting investment. For industries in competitive areas, we will change our way of providing support from making direct investments in specific projects to establishing investment funds in order to attract nongovernmental investment. We will actively encourage nongovernmental capital to initiate and set up industrial investment funds and equity funds. We will be more creative in using government investment, encouraging nongovernmental investment into major projects by subsidizing investment, injecting capital, and other measures.

Third, we will give full play to the leading role of budgetary investment. Appropriation for investment in the central government budget this year is planned to be 477.6 billion yuan. More of this investment will be directed toward agriculture, water conservancy, railways in the central and western regions, government-subsidized housing, major infrastructure, ecological improvement, people's wellbeing, and old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and poor areas. We will reduce central government subsidies toward extensive local endeavors consisting of large numbers of minor projects, and make no more investment to general projects in competitive areas. Meanwhile, we will strengthen supervision and management of government funds.

(二)加快推進經(jīng)濟體制改革。狠抓已出臺改革方案的細(xì)化和落實,加強實施過程中的協(xié)調(diào)配合,確保改革措施落地。正確處理政府與市場關(guān)系,加快建立健全全國統(tǒng)一開放競爭有序的市場體系,再推出一批激活市場、釋放活力的改革舉措,使改革新紅利轉(zhuǎn)化為發(fā)展新動能。

2. Accelerating economic structural reform

We will strive to refine and implement existing reform plans and increase coordination and cooperation during their implementation in order to ensure that all reform measures are put into effect. We will correctly balance the relationship between the government and the market, move faster to establish a sound, unified, and open nationwide market system that ensures orderly competition, put forward more reform measures to invigorate the market, and turn the new benefits of reform into a new driving force for development.

一是全面推進依法行政。推進制定完善發(fā)展規(guī)劃、投資管理、土地管理、能源和礦產(chǎn)資源、經(jīng)濟安全等方面的法律法規(guī),及時把改革成果通過立法形式鞏固下來。健全重大決策公眾參與、專家論證、風(fēng)險評估、合法性審核和集體討論決定機制。建立行政審批、行政處罰等裁量權(quán)基準(zhǔn)制度。大力推進政務(wù)信息公開。強化對權(quán)力的監(jiān)督制約。

1) We will fully advance the law-based exercise of administrative power.

We will press ahead with formulating and improving laws and regulations regarding plans for development, investment management, land management, energy and mineral resources, economic security, and other aspects, thus promptly consolidating our achievements in reform through the means of legislation. We will improve the mechanism for soliciting opinions from the public, conducting expert evaluations, risk assessments, and legality reviews, and carrying out collective discussions before making major policy decisions. We will establish a system of baselines for administrative discretionary powers regarding the review and approval of items and the imposing of administrative penalties. We will work hard to promote transparency in government operations. We will strengthen constraints on and oversight over the exercise of power.

二是深化行政審批制度改革。再取消下放一批行政審批事項,全面清理非行政許可審批。大幅精簡前置審批,清理規(guī)范中介服務(wù)。深化商事制度改革。加強事中事后監(jiān)管。制定市場準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單,公布省級政府權(quán)力清單、責(zé)任清單。更加注重改革措施的上下聯(lián)動、橫向協(xié)調(diào)。

2) We will deepen reform of government review and approval.

We will cancel or delegate to lower-level governments the process of government review and approval for an additional number of items and fully sort out the items requiring non-administrative review and approval. We will greatly streamline preliminary review and approval procedures, review and regulate intermediary services, and deepen reform of the business system. Stronger oversight will be exercised over items and projects during and after handling. We will draw up a negative list for market access, and ensure provincial-level governments release their lists of powers and responsibilities. We will put more emphasis on cooperation between the central and local authorities and coordination between relevant departments when carrying out our reform measures.

三是深入推進國企國資改革和非公有制經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。出臺深化國有企業(yè)改革的指導(dǎo)意見,分類推進國有企業(yè)改革。加快剝離企業(yè)辦社會職能和解決歷史遺留問題。改革和健全企業(yè)經(jīng)營者激勵約束機制。有序推進國有企業(yè)混合所有制改革,鼓勵和規(guī)范投資項目引入非國有資本參股。堅持以管資本為主加強國有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管,加快國有資本投資公司和運營公司試點。深化電力、石油天然氣體制改革。進一步優(yōu)化非公有制經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的體制環(huán)境,放寬準(zhǔn)入領(lǐng)域,鼓勵引導(dǎo)更多民間資本進入基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)、市政公用事業(yè)、社會事業(yè)、金融服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域,發(fā)揮非公有制經(jīng)濟的活力和創(chuàng)造力。

3) We will press ahead with the reforms of SOEs and the development of the non-public sector.

We will formulate guidelines on deepening reform of SOEs and carry out the reform by their type. We will move faster to relieve enterprises of their obligation to operate social programs and solve their longstanding problems in this regard. We will reform and improve the incentive and restraint mechanisms for SOE executives. We will develop mixed-ownership structures within SOEs in an orderly fashion, and encourage and set rules for non-state capital in holding shares of the investment projects of SOEs. We will continue to tighten oversight over state assets with the focus on state capital, and accelerate trials of forming corporations to invest and manage state capital. We will deepen structural reforms of electricity, petroleum, and natural gas industries. We will continue to optimize the institutional environment for developing the non-public sector, and further open up market access to encourage and guide more nongovernmental capital into areas such as basic industries, municipal public utilities, social programs, and financial services in order to give expression to the vitality and creativity of the non-public sector.

四是推動財稅體制改革。中央和地方所有部門除涉密信息外都要公開預(yù)算決算。改革中央對地方轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度。清理規(guī)范稅收等優(yōu)惠政策。擴大資源稅從價計征范圍,推動環(huán)境保護稅立法、稅收征管法修訂。深化礦產(chǎn)資源有償使用制度改革。加強地方政府性債務(wù)管理。

4) We will press ahead with reform of the fiscal and tax systems.

Except for those dealing with classified matters, we will make public the budgets and final accounts of all central and local departments. We will reform the system of transfer payments from the central government to local governments. We will review and standardize preferential policies such as preferential tax policies. We will levy price-based resource tax on more resource products, speed up legislation to introduce environmental protection tax, and push forward revisions to the Law on Tax Collection and Administration. We will deepen reform of the system of compensation for the exploitation of national mineral resources. We will strengthen local government debt management.

五是強化金融對實體經(jīng)濟的服務(wù)。加強多層次資本市場體系建設(shè),大力發(fā)展普惠金融。加快發(fā)展服務(wù)小微企業(yè)和“三農(nóng)”的中小金融機構(gòu),積極推進新設(shè)民營銀行,深化農(nóng)村信用社改革,推進開發(fā)性和政策性金融機構(gòu)改革。建立存款保險制度。實施股票發(fā)行注冊制改革,開展股權(quán)眾籌融資試點,提高直接融資比重。探索設(shè)立人民幣海外合作基金。促進互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融創(chuàng)新規(guī)范發(fā)展。研究推出巨災(zāi)保險、信貸保險等新險種,支持農(nóng)業(yè)保險向各類新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體傾斜。

5) We will ensure better financial services for the real economy.

We will improve the system of multilevel capital markets and vigorously develop inclusive finance. We will step up efforts to develop small and medium-sized financial institutions committed to serving small and micro businesses as well as agriculture, rural areas, and farmers; energetically push forward the establishment of private banks; deepen reform of rural credit cooperatives; and advance the reform of government-sponsored development financial institutions and policy-backed financial institutions. We will establish the deposit insurance system. We will carry out the reform of stock issuance registration, launch trials of equity-based crowd-funding, and increase the proportion of direct financing. We will explore how to set up outbound RMB cooperative funds. We will encourage Internet banking to develop in an innovative and standardized way. We will research and roll out new types of insurance such as major disaster insurance and credit insurance, and support agricultural insurance in favoring various new agricultural entities.

六是深化投融資體制改革。大力推進項目核準(zhǔn)制度改革,建設(shè)投資項目在線審批監(jiān)管平臺,確保2015年底前實現(xiàn)項目核準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)上并聯(lián)辦理,建立協(xié)同監(jiān)管機制。完善創(chuàng)新重點領(lǐng)域投融資機制鼓勵社會投資的相關(guān)配套措施和實施細(xì)則,放寬社會資本市場準(zhǔn)入,制訂基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公用事業(yè)特許經(jīng)營管理辦法,積極推廣政府和社會資本合作模式。出臺政府投資條例。

6) We will deepen reform of the investment and financing system.

We will vigorously promote reform of the project review and approval system; build an online platform for reviewing, approving, and monitoring investment projects, ensuring that by the end of 2015, project review and approval procedures can be handled online nationwide; and establish a mechanism for coordinating oversight over investment projects. We will improve the relevant measures and detailed rules for their implementation for making innovations in the mechanisms for investment and financing in key areas and encouraging nongovernmental investment; further open up market access for nongovernmental capital; formulate measures for managing the franchising of infrastructure and public utilities; and actively promote application of the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model. We will issue the Regulations on Government Investment.

七是加快推進價格改革。修訂政府定價目錄,取消絕大部分藥品政府定價,放開煙葉收購價格、部分鐵路運價、部分郵政業(yè)務(wù)資費和專業(yè)服務(wù)收費,下放一批基本公共服務(wù)收費定價權(quán)。擴大輸配電價改革試點。實現(xiàn)非居民用天然氣存量與增量價格并軌,逐步放開非居民用氣價格。完善節(jié)能環(huán)保價格政策。全面實行居民階梯價格制度。制定清理和廢除妨礙全國統(tǒng)一市場和公平競爭各種規(guī)定和做法的意見,著力打破各種形式的市場分割和地區(qū)封鎖。

7) We will accelerate price reform.

We will revise the government pricing catalogue; stop setting prices for most medicines; lift the control of purchasing prices for tobacco leaves, a portion of rail fares and freight rates, rates and fees for some postal services, and charges for professional services; and delegate to lower levels of government the power to set prices for some basic public services. We will extend to more areas the trial price reform of electricity transmission and distribution. For non-residential consumption of natural gas, we will unify the price of gas consumption within 2014 levels with the price of gas consumption exceeding 2014 levels, and gradually lift control of the price for non-residential gas consumption. We will refine environmental protection price policies. We will implement tiered pricing for electricity, water, and natural gas used for household purposes throughout the country. We will make guidelines on reviewing and canceling all kinds of regulations and practices impeding the national unified market and fair competition, and work hard to get rid of various types of market segmentation and regional barriers.

八是穩(wěn)步推進農(nóng)村和土地制度改革。審慎開展農(nóng)村土地征收、集體經(jīng)營性建設(shè)用地入市、宅基地制度、集體產(chǎn)權(quán)制度等改革試點。開展農(nóng)村土地經(jīng)營權(quán)抵押貸款試點,引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民以土地經(jīng)營權(quán)入股合作社和龍頭企業(yè),推進多種形式適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營。健全不動產(chǎn)統(tǒng)一登記制度,開展水權(quán)確權(quán)登記試點,推進農(nóng)業(yè)水價改革。全面深化供銷合作社綜合改革,加快推進國有林場林區(qū)、農(nóng)墾、種業(yè)等改革。

8) We will steadily move ahead with reforms of the rural and land system.

We will prudently carry out trial reforms concerning rural land requisition, the marketization of rural collective land designated for business-related construction, the system of land used for rural housing, and the rural collective property rights system. We will launch trials of allowing rural land-use rights to be used as collateral to borrow money, guide farmers in becoming shareholders of cooperatives and leading enterprises by contributing their land-use rights, and develop appropriately scaled, diversified farm operations. We will improve the system of unified registration of immovable property, carry out the trial of determining and registering water rights, and advance price reform of water used for agricultural purposes. We will fully deepen the comprehensive reform of supply and marketing cooperatives, and move faster to reform state forestry farms and areas, state farms built on reclaimed land, and the seed industry.

同時,還要推進教育、科技、文化、醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生、社會管理、生態(tài)文明等方面的體制改革。In addition, we also need to move ahead with institutional reforms in education, science, technology, culture, medical and health care, social management, and ecological progress.
(三)深入實施對外開放戰(zhàn)略。加快培育國際競爭新優(yōu)勢,有效發(fā)揮出口的支撐作用,拓展對外開放的廣度和深度。

3. Thoroughly implementing the strategy of opening up

We will act more quickly to make Chinese businesses more competitive in the international market, allow exports to effectively drive economic growth, and expand the scope and depth of opening up.

一是促進外貿(mào)穩(wěn)定增長。完善出口退稅負(fù)擔(dān)機制。培育出口品牌和境外營銷網(wǎng)絡(luò)。完善跨境電子商務(wù)、市場采購、外貿(mào)綜合服務(wù)業(yè)等新型外貿(mào)模式。發(fā)揮優(yōu)惠出口買方信貸作用,帶動裝備、技術(shù)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對外輸出。完善服務(wù)貿(mào)易促進政策,擴大服務(wù)貿(mào)易出口,加大服務(wù)外包支持力度。實施更加積極的進口政策,擴大先進技術(shù)、關(guān)鍵設(shè)備、重要零部件等進口。

1) We will give impetus to the steady growth in foreign trade.

We will improve the system for joint payment of export rebates by the central and local governments. We will help cultivate brand names for export and overseas marketing networks. We will improve cross-border e-commerce, market purchases, integrated services for foreign trade, and other new trade models. We will give preferential credit to buyers of Chinese exports in order to stimulate the export of Chinese equipment, technology, and standards. We will improve policies that promote the trade in services, expand the export of services, and increase support for efforts to undertake services outsourced by other countries. We will adopt a more proactive import policy, expanding the import of advanced technology, key equipment, and important parts and components.

二是促進利用外資再上新水平。修訂外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)指導(dǎo)目錄。復(fù)制推廣上海自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)經(jīng)驗,穩(wěn)步推動廣東、天津、福建自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)建設(shè)。重點擴大服務(wù)業(yè)和一般制造業(yè)開放,開展金融領(lǐng)域開放試點、外債管理模式創(chuàng)新。積極探索外資準(zhǔn)入前國民待遇加負(fù)面清單管理模式,完善外商投資安全審查制度。2015年非金融類外商直接投資預(yù)期1200億美元,與上年基本持平。

2) We will raise the utilization of foreign capital to a new level.

We will revise the Catalogue for the Guidance of Industries for Foreign Investment. We will encourage other parts of the country to make use of the experience gained in the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, and move steadily forward with the building of pilot free trade zones in Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian. We will focus on opening the service sector and the general manufacturing sector wider to the outside world, carrying out trials to open up our financial sector, and revamping the model of managing foreign debt. We will explore the management model of pre-establishment national treatment (PENT) plus a negative list, and improve the system for security reviews of foreign investments. In 2015, foreign direct investment in China's non-financial sectors is projected to reach US$120 billion, which is similar to last year.

三是提高對外投資效率和質(zhì)量。加快構(gòu)建對外投資金融服務(wù)體系,拓寬外匯儲備運用渠道,加強金融、信息、法律、領(lǐng)事保護等服務(wù)。抓住關(guān)鍵性、標(biāo)志性工程建設(shè),繼續(xù)推動境外鐵路、港口、公路、核電項目,深化能源資源合作,擴展裝備制造、新興產(chǎn)業(yè)、生態(tài)環(huán)保合作,加快產(chǎn)能、裝備“走出去”。2015年非金融類境外直接投資預(yù)期1130億美元,增長10%左右。

3) We will raise the efficiency and quality of China's outward investment.

We will move faster to build a system for providing financial services to outward investment, expand the channel for using foreign exchange reserves, and provide better financial services, information services, legal services, and consulate protection for Chinese enterprises investing overseas. With the focus on the construction of key and iconic projects, we will continue to encourage the building of overseas railways, ports, highways, and nuclear power projects; deepen cooperation on energy and resources with other countries; expand cooperation on equipment manufacturing, emerging industries, ecological conservation, and environmental protection; and increase the pace of China's production capacity and equipment in "going global" . In 2015, China's non-financial outward direct investment is estimated to come to US$113 billion, which is an increase of about 10%.

四是強化多雙邊和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟合作。實施“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略,構(gòu)建中巴、孟中印緬經(jīng)濟走廊。加快與周邊國家基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通。打造中國-東盟自貿(mào)區(qū)升級版,力爭完成區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定談判,建設(shè)亞太自貿(mào)區(qū),推進中美、中歐投資協(xié)定談判。

4) We will increase multilateral, bilateral, and regional economic cooperation.

We will put into practice the strategy of developing the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, and build the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor. We will speed up infrastructure connectivity with our neighbors. We will upgrade the China-ASEAN Free Trade Zone, strive to complete the talks on regional comprehensive economic partnership agreements, build the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific, and carry on negotiations of investment agreements with the United States and the European Union.

(四)加快轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式。價格“天花板”、成本“地板”擠壓和補貼“黃線”、資源環(huán)境“紅燈”約束,已經(jīng)成為今后一個時期農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展面臨的瓶頸。必須加快轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式,走出一條產(chǎn)出高效、產(chǎn)品安全、資源節(jié)約、環(huán)境友好的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展道路。2015年糧食總產(chǎn)量穩(wěn)定在5.5億噸以上。

4. Accelerating the transformation of agricultural development

In our efforts to develop agriculture, four bottlenecks have already emerged that we will have to face within the near future: the prices of domestic agricultural products already far exceed international prices, the costs associated with agriculture production are ever increasing, direct subsidies to agriculture which fall into the WTO's "amber box" are close to the limit that China agreed to when it joined the WTO, and the impact of agriculture on resources and the environment has set off a red warning light. We must accelerate the transformation of agricultural development, and embark on a path of modern agricultural development which ensures high yield and safe agricultural produce, conserves resources, and is environmentally friendly. In 2015, we will keep total grain output stable at 550 million metric tons or above.

一是創(chuàng)新完善農(nóng)業(yè)支持政策。保持中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資用于“三農(nóng)”比重不下降,加大資金整合力度,提高資金使用效率。健全耕地保護、糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)利益等補償機制,做好適度規(guī)模種糧大戶、家庭農(nóng)場和其他新型經(jīng)營主體補貼試點。繼續(xù)執(zhí)行稻谷、小麥最低收購價政策,推進棉花、大豆目標(biāo)價格改革試點,完善重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品臨時收儲政策和進出口管理。建立健全糧食安全省長責(zé)任制。加強地方政府糧食儲備體系建設(shè)。

1) We will innovate and improve policies that support agriculture.

We will ensure that the proportion of the central government's budgetary investments to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers is at least kept at the same level as last year, increase efforts to carry out integrated planning for these funds, and make their use more efficient. We will improve mechanisms that provide compensation for cropland protection and subsidize major grain growing areas, and conduct trials of granting subsidies to large-scale grain growers, family farms, and other emerging agribusinesses. We will continue to implement the minimum purchase price policy on rice and wheat, move ahead with the pilot reform of guaranteed base prices for cotton and soybeans, and improve the temporary purchase and stockpiling policy on major agricultural products and the management of their import and export. We will establish a sound system by which provincial governors are accountable for their provinces' food security. We will make local governments strengthen their grain reserves systems.

二是加強農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。全面開展永久基本農(nóng)田劃定工作。加快實施全國高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)總體規(guī)劃和新增1000億斤糧食生產(chǎn)能力規(guī)劃。新建一批重大引調(diào)水工程、重點水源工程、江河湖泊治理骨干工程,加快大中型灌區(qū)續(xù)建配套與節(jié)水改造,推進小型農(nóng)田水利基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。全面實施糧食收儲供應(yīng)安全保障工程,支持1000億斤糧食倉容設(shè)施建設(shè)。加強農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境突出問題治理,全面推進農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境整治,建設(shè)美麗宜居鄉(xiāng)村。再解決6000萬農(nóng)村人口飲水安全問題,爭取全面解決無電人口用電問題,積極推進西部地區(qū)和集中連片特殊困難地區(qū)農(nóng)村公路建設(shè),改造農(nóng)村危房366萬戶,統(tǒng)籌搞好農(nóng)房抗震改造。

2) We will strengthen agricultural and rural infrastructure development.

We will carry out work to demarcate permanent basic farmland throughout the country. We will accelerate implementation of the national master plan for building high-grade farmland and the plan for increasing China's grain production capacity by 50 million metric tons. We will construct a number of new major projects to divert water, protect key water sources, and harness rivers and lakes. We will more quickly build auxiliary facilities and update water-saving devices in medium- to large-scale irrigation areas, and advance the construction of small-scale irrigation infrastructure and water conservancy infrastructure. We will comprehensively implement the project to purchase and stockpile grain to ensure its supply and security, and support the building of grain silos with capacities of 50 million metric tons. We will intensify efforts to address serious problems in the agricultural environment, and comprehensively improve the rural living environment, to build a more beautiful and livable countryside. Safe drinking water will be made available to another 60 million rural residents. All-out efforts will be made to deliver electricity to all households without power supply. We will make great efforts to build rural roads in the western region and in contiguous poor areas. We will rebuild run-down houses for 3.66 million rural households, and make coordinated efforts to renovate rural houses to make them more earthquake-resistant.

三是加快農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。完善產(chǎn)業(yè)組織方式和利益聯(lián)結(jié)機制,推進農(nóng)村一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)融合發(fā)展。加大農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新和新技術(shù)、新機具推廣力度。統(tǒng)籌糧棉油糖蔬菜等生產(chǎn)基地建設(shè),推進規(guī)?;?、集約化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化畜禽水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖。鼓勵主產(chǎn)區(qū)糧食就地轉(zhuǎn)化加工。支持國家級育種制種基地建設(shè)。加強漁政建設(shè)。

3) We will accelerate agricultural structural adjustment.

We will improve the industrial organization of agriculture and the mechanisms for balancing the interests of farmers and enterprises, and integrate the development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas. We will work harder to promote innovation in agricultural science and technology and spread the use of new agricultural techniques, machinery, and tools. We will coordinate the construction of grain, cotton, oilseed, sugar crop, and vegetable production centers, and encourage standardized, large-scale, and intensive livestock, poultry, and aquaculture farming. We will encourage the local conversion and processing of grain in major grain-producing areas. We will support the construction of national seed cultivation and production centers. We will also strengthen the fishery administration.

(五)以創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型升級。依靠創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動,發(fā)展新產(chǎn)品、新模式、新業(yè)態(tài)、新產(chǎn)業(yè),提升產(chǎn)業(yè)核心競爭力,推動產(chǎn)業(yè)向中高端邁進。

5. Promoting transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure through innovation

We will rely on innovation, develop new products, models, forms of business, and industries, raise the core competitiveness of our industries, and advance the push toward mid- and high-end industries.

一是深入實施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。2015年研究與試驗發(fā)展經(jīng)費支出與國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值之比預(yù)期達到2.2%。優(yōu)化整合中央財政科技計劃(專項、基金等)。啟動實施區(qū)域全面創(chuàng)新改革試驗。完善股權(quán)激勵政策,加快科技成果使用處置和收益管理改革。增設(shè)國家自主創(chuàng)新示范區(qū),全面落實完善研發(fā)費用加計扣除等普惠性政策。擴大科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化引導(dǎo)基金規(guī)模。加快實施國家科技重大專項,再部署一批國家重大科技項目、重大工程和國家創(chuàng)新平臺。

1) We will fully implement the strategy of innovation-driven development.

We project spending on R&D as a percentage of GDP will come to 2.2% in 2015. We will optimize and integrate science and technology programs (special projects and funds) financed by the central government. We will launch regional trial reforms to promote all-around innovation. We will improve policies on equity-based incentives for making innovation, and accelerate the reform for managing the use and commoditization of and the distribution of profit from scientific and technological advances of public institutions. We will establish more national innovation demonstration zones, and fully implement preferential policies such as extra deductions for R&D expenses. We will scale up state seed funds for encouraging the application of scientific and technological advances. We will move faster in carrying out key national scientific and technological programs and plan a number of major science and technology projects, major programs, and national innovation platforms.

二是做大做強戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。積極發(fā)展信息經(jīng)濟,促進信息產(chǎn)業(yè)與傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)深度融合。制定“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”行動計劃,支持云計算與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等融合發(fā)展,培育人工智能產(chǎn)業(yè),實施生物醫(yī)藥、民用空間基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、大數(shù)據(jù)、高端裝備、新一代信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)、新能源、新材料、新能源汽車、航空發(fā)動機及燃?xì)廨啓C等重大創(chuàng)新工程。推動國防科技工業(yè)軍民融合發(fā)展。設(shè)立國家新興產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)投資引導(dǎo)基金。

2) We will boost the scale and strength of strategic emerging industries.

We will vigorously develop the information economy, and promote full integration of the information industry with traditional industries. We will formulate an "Internet Plus" action plan, support the integrated development of cloud computing with the Internet of Things and the mobile Internet, and foster the artificial intelligence industry. We will implement major innovation projects in biomedicines, civil space infrastructure, big data, high-end equipment, next-generation information networks, new energy, new materials, new-energy vehicles, aircraft engines, and gas turbines. We will advance the development of national defense-related science, technology, and industries by integrating the military and civilian sectors. We will set up state seed funds for investment in emerging industries.

三是加快傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級。實施“中國制造2025”,出臺增強制造業(yè)核心競爭力三年行動計劃,著力突破工業(yè)機器人、軌道交通裝備、高端船舶和海洋工程裝備、新能源汽車、現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)機械、高端醫(yī)療器械和藥品等重點領(lǐng)域核心技術(shù),推進產(chǎn)業(yè)化。統(tǒng)籌實施核電、水電、大型煤炭和煤電基地等重大項目建設(shè)。加快產(chǎn)能過剩行業(yè)調(diào)整優(yōu)化,加大落后產(chǎn)能淘汰力度,支持企業(yè)兼并重組。加強企業(yè)技術(shù)改造。繼續(xù)推進煤炭行業(yè)脫困。

3) We will accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.

We will implement the "Made in China 2025" strategy. We will introduce a three-year action plan for enhancing the core competitiveness of our manufacturing industries. We will focus on making breakthroughs in core technologies in key areas, such as industrial robots, rail transit equipment, high-end vessels and ocean engineering equipment, new-energy vehicles, modern agricultural machinery, and high-end medical appliances and medicines, and promote the industrial application of these technologies. We will coordinate the implementation of major projects on nuclear power, hydropower, and large coal and coal-power bases. We will accelerate the adjustment and optimization of industries with overcapacity, work harder to phase out outdated production capacity, and encourage enterprise mergers and reorganizations. We will encourage businesses to engage in technological upgrading. We will continue working to turn the coal industry around.

四是提升服務(wù)業(yè)支撐作用。落實好服務(wù)業(yè)價格、財稅、土地等政策以及帶薪休假等制度,深化服務(wù)業(yè)綜合改革試點,出臺生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)統(tǒng)計分類,制訂生活性服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展政策意見。大力發(fā)展工業(yè)設(shè)計、融資租賃等生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè),積極培育發(fā)展研發(fā)設(shè)計、系統(tǒng)集成、知識產(chǎn)權(quán)、檢驗檢測等高技術(shù)服務(wù)業(yè),促進服務(wù)業(yè)與制造業(yè)融合發(fā)展。完善移動支付基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施與可信交易服務(wù),促進電子商務(wù)、物流配送和快遞業(yè)發(fā)展。加快構(gòu)建全國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通骨干網(wǎng)。實施物流業(yè)發(fā)展中長期規(guī)劃及三年行動計劃,開展現(xiàn)代物流業(yè)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展城市試點和國家級物流園區(qū)示范,支持物流公共信息平臺建設(shè)。

4) We will make the service sector better able to support economic growth.

We will fully implement pricing, fiscal, tax, and land policies to aid the development of the service sector, ensure that paid vacations are enforced, deepen the comprehensive trial reforms in this sector, introduce a statistical categorization of producer services, and formulate policies and guidelines for the development of consumer services. We will energetically develop producer services such as industrial design and finance lease, vigorously foster and develop high-tech services such as R&D, systems integration, intellectual property rights, and inspection and testing, and promote the integrated development of services with manufacturing industries. We will improve mobile payment infrastructure and trusted transaction services, and advance the development of e-commerce, logistics, and express delivery services. We will move faster in building a backbone network for the circulation of agricultural products nationwide. We will implement the mid-to-long-term plan and the three-year action plan for the development of the logistics industry, designate pilot cities for innovatively developing modern logistics, build national demonstration logistics parks, and support building a shared logistics information platform.

五是增加基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)有效供給。加快鐵路特別是中西部地區(qū)鐵路建設(shè),推動城際鐵路、城市軌道交通有序發(fā)展。抓好國家高速公路“斷頭路”建設(shè),加大普通國省干線公路瓶頸路段擴容改造力度。加強內(nèi)河高等級航道建設(shè)。推進北京新機場等民航基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。加快煤、電輸送通道和油氣管網(wǎng)建設(shè),積極發(fā)展水電,安全發(fā)展核電,大力發(fā)展風(fēng)電、太陽能、生物質(zhì)能,加大天然氣開發(fā)利用力度,提高清潔能源和可再生能源比重。

5) We will enhance the effective supply capacity of infrastructure and basic industries.

We will move faster to build railways, especially in the central and western regions, and promote the systematic development of intercity rail lines and urban rail transit. We will work to ensure that there are no national expressways left hanging unfinished, and rebuild bottlenecked sections of ordinary national and provincial trunk highways so that they are capable of accommodating more traffic. We will improve the development of high-grade inland waterways. We will advance the construction of civil aviation infrastructure such as the new airport in Beijing. We will accelerate the development of facilities for coal transportation and electricity transmission and pipelines for oil and gas transmission, actively develop hydropower, safely develop nuclear power, vigorously develop wind power, solar energy, and biomass energy, improve the development and utilization of natural gas, and increase the proportion of clean energy and renewable energy resources in total energy consumption.

(六)優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟發(fā)展空間格局。充分發(fā)揮各地比較優(yōu)勢,培育壯大新的增長極和支撐帶,全面提升區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)協(xié)同發(fā)展水平。

6. Improving the pattern of economic development between different regions

We will give full play to the comparative strengths of different regions, foster and expand new growth poles and new economic support zones, and comprehensively promote coordinated and balanced development between different regions.

一是扎實推進“一帶一路”、京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展、長江經(jīng)濟帶“三大戰(zhàn)略”。推進落實“一帶一路”建設(shè)2015年度重點工作和重點項目。出臺京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要,支持在交通一體化、生態(tài)環(huán)保、產(chǎn)業(yè)升級轉(zhuǎn)移等領(lǐng)域率先取得實質(zhì)性突破,加大體制改革力度,強化創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動,選擇有條件的地區(qū)和領(lǐng)域開展試點示范,積極穩(wěn)妥推進非首都核心功能疏解。制定長江經(jīng)濟帶發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要,加快長江經(jīng)濟帶綜合立體交通走廊、綠色生態(tài)廊道建設(shè),有序開工黃金水道治理、沿江碼頭口岸等重大項目,建設(shè)承接產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移示范區(qū)和共建產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)。

1) We will effectively carry out the three key strategies: the strategy of developing the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, the strategy of promoting coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the strategy to build an economic development belt along the Yangtze River.

We will ensure the completion of tasks and projects prioritized in 2015 in implementing the strategy of developing the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. We will roll out guidelines for the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and provide support for the region to make substantial breakthroughs first in integrated transportation, environmental protection, and industrial upgrading and relocating. In addition, we will intensify institutional reform, strengthen innovation-driven development, carry out trials and demonstrations in districts and fields meeting certain conditions, and relocate functions non-essential to Beijing's role as the capital away from the city in a proactive yet prudent way. We will formulate the guidelines on building the economic development belt along the Yangtze River; accelerate the development of an integrated multidimensional transportation corridor and a green, ecological corridor all along the belt; start construction of major projects in an orderly fashion, including upgrading the major waterways and building docks and quays along the Yangtze River; establish demonstration zones for accepting relocated industries; and set up jointly-built industrial parks.

二是深入實施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略和主體功能區(qū)戰(zhàn)略。細(xì)化實化新形勢下西部大開發(fā)政策措施,擴大沿邊和內(nèi)陸地區(qū)對外開放。出臺全面振興東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地的若干意見,落實好近期支持東北振興的重大政策舉措。編制促進中部地區(qū)崛起新十年規(guī)劃,加快中部地區(qū)綜合交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)和樞紐建設(shè)。支持東部地區(qū)率先轉(zhuǎn)型升級的制度創(chuàng)新。有序推進新區(qū)建設(shè)發(fā)展。繼續(xù)開展國家主體功能區(qū)建設(shè)試點示范,完善綜合配套政策體系,建立健全資源環(huán)境承載能力監(jiān)測預(yù)警機制。大力發(fā)展海洋經(jīng)濟。

2) We will fully carry out the master strategy for regional development and the strategy for functional zoning.

We will refine and firm up the policies and measures concerning large-scale development of the western region which are appropriate under the new conditions, and further open up border areas and inland areas to the outside world. We will roll out the guidelines on all-around revitalization of northeast China and other old industrial bases, and fully implement major near-term policies and measures for revitalizing northeast China. We will formulate a new ten-year plan on boosting the rise of the central region, and build comprehensive transport networks and hubs in the region at a faster pace. We will support the eastern region in leading the way in institutional innovation aimed at economic transformation and upgrading. We will promote orderly development of new districts in urbanization. We will continue to carry out national trials and demonstrations for developing function zones, improve the policy framework for integrated, complete reforms, and establish sound mechanisms for monitoring and giving early warnings on the carrying capacity of resources and the environment. We will also energetically develop the marine economy.

三是繼續(xù)支持特殊類型地區(qū)加快發(fā)展。支持新疆、西藏和四省藏區(qū)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展,扎實開展對口支援。加快資源枯竭城市轉(zhuǎn)型,推進城區(qū)老工業(yè)區(qū)和獨立工礦區(qū)搬遷改造。制訂支持革命老區(qū)發(fā)展建設(shè)的指導(dǎo)意見和規(guī)劃。繼續(xù)推進集中連片特殊困難地區(qū)區(qū)域發(fā)展與扶貧攻堅。

3) We will continue to support the development of regions with unique features at a faster pace.

We will support the economic and social development of Xinjiang, Tibet, and the Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Qinghai provinces, and provide effective one-to-one assistance to designated areas. We will accelerate the upgrading of cities once dependent on resources that are now depleted, and push forward with the relocating and rebuilding of old industrial areas within cities and independent industrial and mining areas. We will formulate guidelines and planning for supporting the development of old revolutionary base areas. We will continue to promote development in contiguous poor areas as a whole in order to help alleviate poverty.

四是積極推進新型城鎮(zhèn)化。落實推進“三個1億人”城鎮(zhèn)化實施方案,重點解決農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口落戶城鎮(zhèn)、城鎮(zhèn)棚戶區(qū)和城中村改造、中西部地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)化等問題。統(tǒng)籌推進國家新型城鎮(zhèn)化綜合試點和中小城市綜合改革試點,探索建立農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化成本分擔(dān)機制、規(guī)范多元可持續(xù)的城市建設(shè)投融資機制、行政管理創(chuàng)新和行政成本降低的新型管理模式。優(yōu)化調(diào)整城鎮(zhèn)化布局,編制跨省區(qū)城市群規(guī)劃,推動重點地區(qū)城市群協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。加快城市地下綜合管廊和防洪防澇設(shè)施建設(shè)。堅決治理污染、擁堵等城市病。進一步推動市縣“多規(guī)合一”改革試點。2015年全國常住人口和戶籍人口城鎮(zhèn)化率預(yù)期分別達到55.77%和37.9%。

4) We will actively advance the new type of urbanization.

We will carry out the plan on urbanization with the focus on three tasks, each concerning 100 million people: granting urban residency to around 100 million people who have moved to cities from rural areas, rebuilding run-down areas and "villages" inside cities where around 100 million people live, and guiding the process of urbanization for around 100 million rural residents in the central and western regions. We will coordinate efforts in carrying out comprehensive pilot projects for advancing the new type of urbanization nationwide and in launching trials for comprehensive reform in small and medium-sized cities, and we will explore the establishment of mechanisms for sharing the costs associated with helping people from rural areas who have moved to cities become urban citizens, of well-regulated, diversified, and sustainable mechanisms for investment and financing to ensure funding for urban development, and of new models of administrative management that encourage innovations and reduce costs. We will improve the overall distribution of areas that are undergoing urbanization, formulate planning for cross-provincial city clusters, and promote the coordinated development of city clusters in key regions. We will move faster to construct multi-purpose networks for underground pipelines and facilities for flood prevention and rainwater control in cities. We will ensure the effective governance of urban maladies such as pollution and traffic congestion. We will carry out pilot projects in more cities and counties to replace multiple plans for local development with one master plan. By the end of 2015, 55.77% of China's population is expected to be comprised of permanent urban residents, and 37.9% is expected to be comprised of registered urban residents.

(七)堅持不懈推進節(jié)能減排、低碳發(fā)展和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護。堅持源頭預(yù)防、過程監(jiān)管、后果嚴(yán)懲,更加注重綠色循環(huán)低碳發(fā)展,改善生態(tài)環(huán)境,建設(shè)美麗中國。

7. Making unremitting efforts in energy conservation, emissions reduction, low-carbon development, and ecological and environmental protection

In addressing problems concerning the environment, we will continue to treat root causes, conduct monitoring and regulation over the whole process of production, and enforce severe punishments for violations or damage to the environment. We will attach greater importance to green, circular, and low-carbon development so as to improve the ecosystem and environment of China and build a beautify country.

一是加強生態(tài)文明制度建設(shè)。出臺實施加快推進生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的意見,研究制訂生態(tài)文明體制改革實施方案和生態(tài)文明建設(shè)目標(biāo)體系。抓好生態(tài)補償示范區(qū)、生態(tài)文明先行示范區(qū)建設(shè)。開展重要水源地、重點流域和跨流域生態(tài)補償試點。推進排污權(quán)有償使用和交易試點。加強沿海灘涂保護與開發(fā)管理。推行環(huán)境污染第三方治理試點和能效信貸、綠色信貸,探索開展環(huán)境污染強制責(zé)任保險。

1) We will improve the systems for promoting ecological progress.

We will issue and implement guidelines on accelerating ecological advancement, and on the basis of research, formulate a plan for implementing the structural reform for promoting ecological progress and a system for setting targets for ecological improvement. We will establish demonstration zones for enforcing compensation for ecological damage and for promoting ecological progress. Compensation for ecological damage will be levied on a trial basis at key water sources, in major drainage basins, and across drainage basins. We will launch pilot projects to promote a cap-and-trade system for emissions. We will strengthen the protection of mudflats and improve the management of their development. We will carry out trials of allowing enterprises to commission a third party to treat their pollution, and provide special financing for encouraging energy efficiency and provide green loans for environmentally responsible businesses. We will explore the introduction of compulsory environmental pollution liability insurance.

二是嚴(yán)控能源消費總量和消耗強度。堅持節(jié)能減排預(yù)警調(diào)控,強化能源消耗強度控制,加強能源消費總量管理,嚴(yán)格節(jié)能目標(biāo)責(zé)任考核。對霧霾嚴(yán)重地區(qū)、節(jié)能形勢嚴(yán)峻地區(qū)和產(chǎn)能過剩行業(yè)嚴(yán)控高耗能項目,并實行煤炭減量或等量替代。繼續(xù)組織實施重點節(jié)能工程和循環(huán)經(jīng)濟試點示范工程,大力推進工業(yè)廢物和生活垃圾資源化利用。

2) We will strictly control both energy intensity and total energy consumption.

We will continue to implement the early-warning and regulatory system for energy conservation and emissions reduction, tighten control over energy intensity, improve management of total energy consumption, and strictly evaluate the performance of energy conservation targets and correspondingly pursue accountability. For areas affected by severe smog, regions where conserving energy is difficult, and industries with overcapacity, we will strictly control the number of energy-intensive projects and put into effect policies for coal use reduction and for replacing some coal use with alternative energy sources. We will continue to launch key energy-conservation projects and pilot and demonstration projects that aim to establish a circular economy, and vigorously promote the recovery of resources from industrial and household waste.

三是強化環(huán)境治理和生態(tài)保護。深入落實“大氣十條”,實施水污染、土壤污染防治行動計劃,強化重點地區(qū)大氣污染防治和重點流域海域水污染防治。推動燃煤電廠超低排放改造。推進煤炭清潔高效利用。加快成品油質(zhì)量升級。加大黃標(biāo)車淘汰力度。加強風(fēng)沙源、水土流失、石漠化、礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境治理和草原、農(nóng)田生態(tài)保護。實施新一輪退耕還林還草工程、退牧還草工程和重大林業(yè)生態(tài)工程,新增退耕還林還草66.7萬公頃,造林600萬公頃。大力發(fā)展節(jié)能環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)。推進海水淡化及綜合利用。

3) We will strengthen pollution control and ecological protection.

We will fully implement the ten measures on controlling air pollution as stipulated in the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, implement the action plan for preventing and controlling water and soil pollution, and strengthen efforts to prevent and control air pollution in key areas and water pollution in key drainage basins and sea areas. We will upgrade coal-burning power plants to achieve ultra-low emissions. We will promote clean and efficient use of coal. We will accelerate efforts to increase the quality of refined oil products. We will remove more high-emission vehicles from roads. We will redouble efforts to control the factors causing sandstorms, treat soil erosion, prevent the spread of stony deserts, improve the geological environment in mining areas, and protect ecosystems on grasslands and farmlands. We will launch a new group of projects to return marginal cultivated land to forests or grasslands and return grazing land to grasslands and major projects to develop forests for ecological conservation. In 2015, we will return an additional 667 thousand hectares of cultivated land to forests or grasslands, and afforest six million hectares of land. We will vigorously develop energy conservation and environmental protection industries. We will advance desalination and comprehensive utilization of seawater.

四是積極應(yīng)對氣候變化。實施碳排放權(quán)交易管理暫行辦法,深化低碳發(fā)展試點示范。深入開展氣候變化南南合作,建設(shè)性參加聯(lián)合國氣候變化巴黎會議。

4) We will actively address climate change.

We will implement the Interim Measures for the Management of Carbon Emission Rights Trading, and continue the pilot programs and demonstrations of low-carbon development. We will intensify South-South cooperation on climate change, and play a constructive part in the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris.

(八)加強保障和改善民生。把改善民生與增強社會活力、經(jīng)濟動力結(jié)合起來,加大投入力度,努力增加公共產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)有效供給。

8. Working harder to ensure and improve people's wellbeing

We will integrate our efforts to improve people's wellbeing and invigorate social and economic development, and increase the investment in and effective supply of public goods and services.

一是精準(zhǔn)發(fā)力做好就業(yè)工作。落實完善促進就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)政策,鼓勵大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新。深入實施高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)促進計劃和大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)引領(lǐng)計劃,推動落實農(nóng)民工職業(yè)技能提升計劃。強化對就業(yè)困難群體的幫扶,妥善解決兼并重組、化解產(chǎn)能過剩、淘汰落后產(chǎn)能過程中的職工安置問題,落實和完善失業(yè)保險支持企業(yè)穩(wěn)定就業(yè)崗位政策。

1) We will take well-targeted steps to ensure employment.

We will implement and improve policies to increase employment and entrepreneurship, and encourage individuals to start their own businesses and make innovations. We will fully carry out the program for promoting the employment of college and university graduates and guiding college and university students in starting up businesses, and provide vocational skills training to rural migrant workers. We will increase our assistance to groups who have difficulty in finding a job; properly solve the issue of resettling and providing employment to workers laid off due to SOE mergers and reorganizations, the phasing-out of excess production capacity, or the shutdown of outdated production facilities; and implement and improve the policy on using unemployment insurance funds to support enterprises in ensuring job opportunities.

二是健全社會保障體系。制訂深化養(yǎng)老保險制度改革總體方案,適時開展個人稅收遞延型商業(yè)養(yǎng)老保險試點。新農(nóng)合和城鎮(zhèn)居民醫(yī)保財政補助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)從每人每年320元提高到380元,個人繳費水平同時由每人每年90元提高到120元。全面實施城鄉(xiāng)居民大病保險、疾病應(yīng)急救助和臨時救助制度,加強重特大疾病醫(yī)療救助。完善城鄉(xiāng)居民低保制度和被征地農(nóng)民社會保障政策。提高優(yōu)撫對象撫恤和生活補助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。建立健全重特大自然災(zāi)害災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建機制。

2) We will improve the social security system.

We will formulate an overall plan for deepening reform of the old-age insurance system and, at the appropriate time, launch trials of commercial pension schemes that allow for deferred payment of individual income tax. We will raise government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and the basic medical insurance for nonworking urban residents from 320 yuan to 380 yuan per person per year and also increase the annual individual contribution from 90 yuan to 120 yuan per person. We will introduce major disease insurance for rural and nonworking urban residents and the system of emergency assistance and temporary assistance for disease treatment across the country, and intensify efforts to provide medical assistance for treatment of major and critical diseases. We will improve the subsistence allowance system for both urban and rural residents and the social security policy for farmers whose land has been expropriated. We will raise subsidies and living allowances for entitled groups. We will establish a sound mechanism for supporting recovery and reconstruction efforts in areas hit by catastrophic natural disasters.

三是增強公共服務(wù)能力。創(chuàng)新公共服務(wù)提供方式,擴大政府購買服務(wù)。繼續(xù)開展基層就業(yè)和社會保障服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè)。進一步改善貧困地區(qū)薄弱學(xué)校基本辦學(xué)條件,加快民族地區(qū)教育發(fā)展,健全家庭經(jīng)濟困難學(xué)生資助體系,保障進城務(wù)工人員隨遷子女平等接受義務(wù)教育,推進考試招生制度改革,加快職業(yè)教育產(chǎn)教融合。加強特殊教育、學(xué)前教育、繼續(xù)教育和民族地區(qū)各類教育。鼓勵社會辦學(xué)。2015年,普通高等教育計劃招生700萬人,研究生招生79.7萬人。在全國推開縣級公立醫(yī)院綜合改革,擴大城市公立醫(yī)院綜合改革試點,完善鼓勵社會辦醫(yī)的政策措施,推進覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的醫(yī)療服務(wù)體系建設(shè)。積極發(fā)展中醫(yī)藥和民族醫(yī)藥事業(yè)?;竟残l(wèi)生服務(wù)經(jīng)費財政補助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)從人均35元提高到40元,農(nóng)村地區(qū)新增資金全部用于支付村醫(yī)提供的基本公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。加快推進現(xiàn)代公共文化服務(wù)體系建設(shè),加強珍貴文化和自然遺產(chǎn)保護,加快新聞出版、廣播影視、文學(xué)藝術(shù)等公共文化事業(yè)和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)改革發(fā)展。繁榮發(fā)展哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)。穩(wěn)步推進國家公園體制試點。加強旅游基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),支持新興旅游業(yè)態(tài)發(fā)展。加強養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)。加快國家人口基礎(chǔ)信息庫建設(shè)。推進殘疾人康復(fù)和托養(yǎng)、兒童福利等設(shè)施建設(shè)。大力建設(shè)全民健身公共服務(wù)體系。

3) We will become better able to provide public services.

We will create new ways for providing public services, and expand government procurement of public services from nongovernmental sectors. We will continue to develop community-level facilities for employment and social security services. We will continue to improve the basic conditions of badly built and poorly operated schools in poor areas, accelerate the development of education in ethnic minority areas, improve the system for providing aid to students from poor families, ensure that the children of rural migrant workers in cities have the same access to compulsory education as local urban children, advance reform of the school examination and enrollment systems, and speed up the integration of vocational education with industry. We will strengthen special needs education, preschool education, continuing education, and all types of education in areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities. We will encourage nongovernmental sectors to run schools. In 2015, regular institutions of higher learning are planned to enroll seven million undergraduate students and 797,000 graduate students. We will carry out comprehensive reform of county-level public hospitals nationwide, expand comprehensive trial reforms of public hospitals in cities, improve policies and measures that encourage nongovernmental investment in the running of medical institutions, and continue to develop the system of medical services covering both urban and rural areas. We will vigorously develop traditional Chinese medicine and the traditional medicine of ethnic minorities. We will raise annual per capita government subsidies to basic public health services from 35 yuan to 40 yuan, with the entire additional sum in rural areas to be used for paying the basic public health services from rural doctors. We will accelerate development of the system of modern public cultural services, better preserve valuable cultural and natural heritage, and quicken reform and development of the culture industry as well as public cultural initiatives through the press and publishing; radio, film, and television; and literature and art. We will promote the flourishing of philosophy and the social sciences. We will steadily carry out trials for a system of national parks. We will strengthen infrastructure for tourism, and support the development of new models of tourism. We will intensify development of the system for elderly services. We will quickly establish a national database for basic population information. We will build more recovery and care facilities for people with disabilities and facilities for children's welfare. We will redouble efforts to develop the public service system for promoting national fitness.

四是創(chuàng)新機制加強保障性安居工程建設(shè)。推進棚戶區(qū)改造貨幣化安置,鼓勵城市政府多渠道增加公租房房源,讓更多住房困難群眾早日搬入新居?;就瓿蓢辛謪^(qū)棚戶區(qū)、國有林場危舊房改造工程建設(shè)。城鎮(zhèn)保障性安居工程住房基本建成480萬套,新安排740萬套,其中棚戶區(qū)改造580萬套。注重分類指導(dǎo)、因地施策,積極支持居民自住和改善性住房需求,促進房地產(chǎn)市場平穩(wěn)健康發(fā)展。

4) We will make institutional innovations to strengthen construction of government-subsidized housing.

We will promote the use of direct monetary housing subsidies to people displaced by the rebuilding of run-down areas, and encourage municipal governments to utilize multiple means to increase the supply of public rental housing so that more people in urgent need of housing can find new homes as soon as possible. We will basically complete the renovation of run-down areas in state forestry areas and of dilapidated housing on state forestry farms. In urban areas, work on 4.8 million government-subsidized housing units will be basically completed and construction will begin on an additional 7.4 million units, including 5.8 million units to be rebuilt in run-down areas. We will give targeted guidance and adapt measures tailored to specific local conditions in order to vigorously support the people's demand for first homes or second homes if their first homes are inadequate, and spur the steady and sound development of the real estate market.

加強內(nèi)地與香港、澳門在經(jīng)貿(mào)等領(lǐng)域的交流合作,2015年底前實現(xiàn)內(nèi)地與港澳服務(wù)貿(mào)易基本自由化。支持香港提升國際金融、航運、貿(mào)易中心地位,促進經(jīng)濟社會繁榮穩(wěn)定和民生不斷改善。支持澳門建設(shè)世界旅游休閑中心、中國與葡語國家商貿(mào)合作服務(wù)平臺,推動澳門經(jīng)濟適度多元可持續(xù)發(fā)展。擴大和深化兩岸各領(lǐng)域交流合作,加快海峽兩岸經(jīng)濟合作框架協(xié)議后續(xù)談判,推動經(jīng)濟互利融合。We will strengthen exchange and cooperation with Hong Kong and Macao in areas such as the economy and trade, and basically realize the liberalization of trade in services with the two regions by the end of 2015. We will support Hong Kong in elevating its position as an international financial, shipping, and trade center, and promote the long-term prosperity and stability of its economic and social development as well as the steady improvement of its people's wellbeing. We will support Macao in becoming a world tourism and leisure center and in building a platform for facilitating business and trade cooperation between China and Portuguese language countries, and will support appropriately diversifying its economy and promoting its sustainable development. We will expand and deepen exchange and cooperation in all fields between the mainland and Taiwan, quickly complete the follow-up talks on the cross-Straits Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, and promote economic integration for the mutual benefit of all.
今年還有一項重要任務(wù),就是在廣泛征求意見、集聚民智的基礎(chǔ)上,編制“十三五”規(guī)劃,做好“十三五”規(guī)劃綱要草案提交十二屆全國人大四次會議審議的準(zhǔn)備工作。This year we have an additional important task to perform: on the basis of soliciting a wide range of opinions and drawing on the wisdom of the people, we must formulate the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and complete the preparatory work for submitting it to the Fourth Session of the Twelfth NPC for deliberation.
各位代表,做好2015年經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展各項工作,任務(wù)艱巨,意義重大。我們要更加緊密地團結(jié)在以習(xí)近平同志為總書記的黨中央周圍,高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟,以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo),深入貫徹習(xí)近平總書記系列重要講話精神,自覺接受全國人大的監(jiān)督,虛心聽取全國政協(xié)的意見和建議,齊心協(xié)力,奮發(fā)有為,為全面完成“十二五”規(guī)劃目標(biāo)任務(wù),促進經(jīng)濟社會持續(xù)健康發(fā)展而努力奮斗!

Fellow Deputies,

Accomplishing all the work for economic and social development in 2015 is an onerous but important task. We will unite even closer around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development as our guide, implement the guiding principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping's major speeches, willingly accept the oversight of the NPC, and seek comments and suggestions from the CPPCC National Committee with an open mind. We will pool together our hearts and our energy in striving to achieve all the targets set out in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and promote sustainable and sound economic and social development.

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