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《新疆各民族平等團(tuán)結(jié)發(fā)展的歷史見證》白皮書
White Paper: Historical Witness to Ethnic Equality, Unity and Development

 
Comment(s)打印 E-mail China.org.cn 2015-09-25
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五、推進(jìn)文化事業(yè)繁榮發(fā)展V. Promoting Cultural Prosperity
自治區(qū)成立以來,新疆始終高度重視文化建設(shè),保護(hù)、傳承和弘揚(yáng)優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化,大力發(fā)展現(xiàn)代文化,不斷滿足各族人民日益增長的精神文化需求,有力保障各族群眾享有平等的文化權(quán)益。Since the autonomous region was established in 1955, Xinjiang has attached great importance to culture, promoting the preservation, bequeathal and onward transmission of fine cultural traditions, and vigorously developing modern culture, in order to meet the ever growing cultural needs of the people of all ethnic groups and safeguard their equal cultural rights and interests.
公共文化服務(wù)水平顯著提升。1955年,新疆僅有1個(gè)公共圖書館和36個(gè)文化館。1978年,建成1個(gè)博物館。2007年,國家支持新疆啟動(dòng)公益性文化工程“東風(fēng)工程”和“農(nóng)家書屋工程”。2008年、2012年先后啟動(dòng)惠及新疆廣大農(nóng)村群眾的廣播電視村村通工程和戶戶通工程。截至2014年,全區(qū)每個(gè)行政村都有農(nóng)家書屋。2010年以來,國家、自治區(qū)累計(jì)投入資金15億元,實(shí)施“縣級文化館、圖書館修繕工程”“文化信息資源共享工程”“鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)綜合文化站工程”“廣播電視村村通和戶戶通”等一系列基礎(chǔ)文化設(shè)施工程。截至2014年,建成117個(gè)文化館、107個(gè)公共圖書館、82個(gè)博物館(紀(jì)念館)和1147個(gè)文化站,廣播電視村村通、戶戶通用戶共346萬戶,基本建成區(qū)、地、縣、鄉(xiāng)四級公共文化服務(wù)體系。

Public cultural services have improved remarkably. In 1955, Xinjiang had only one public library and 36 cultural centers. In 1978, Xinjiang built its first museum. In 2007, with state support, Xinjiang launched two nonprofit cultural projects - the East Wind Project (to give books and publications free of charge) and the Rural Library Project (to provide farmers with books, periodicals, newspapers and audio and video products). In 2008 and 2012, Xinjiang started the Radio and TV Programs for Each Village Project and the Radio and TV Programs for Each Rural Household Project, both benefiting all local rural population. By 2014, every administrative village in Xinjiang had its own rural library.

Since 2010, the state and the autonomous region have provided a total of RMB1.5 billion to improve cultural infrastructure, launching the County-level Library and Cultural Center Renovation Project, the National Cultural Information Resources Sharing Project (constructing information centers to share Xinjiang' s resources with other areas of the country), and the Town and Township Comprehensive Cultural Center Project, as well as the aforementioned Radio and TV Programs for Each Village Project and Radio and TV Programs for Each Rural Household Project. By 2014, Xinjiang had built 117 cultural centers, 107 public libraries, 82 museums (memorial halls) and 1,147 cultural activity venues, made radio and TV access to 3.46 million rural households, and completed the basic public cultural service system of four levels (the autonomous region, prefecture, county (city) and town (township)).

文化遺產(chǎn)得到有效保護(hù)。新疆現(xiàn)有全國文物保護(hù)單位113處、自治區(qū)級文物保護(hù)單位550處、文物藏品128894件(套)?!敖z綢之路:長安-天山廊道的路網(wǎng)”項(xiàng)目入選“世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄”。高昌故城、交河故城、北庭故城遺址、克孜爾尕哈烽燧、克孜爾石窟、蘇巴什佛寺遺址成為新疆首批世界文化遺產(chǎn)。搜集、登記少數(shù)民族古籍11194冊(件),整理出版140種。66部少數(shù)民族古籍被列入《國家珍貴古籍名錄》。以維吾爾文和漢文分別翻譯、出版瀕于失傳的喀喇汗王朝鴻篇巨制《福樂智慧》和《突厥語大詞典》。2009年,啟動(dòng)維吾爾族歷史文化保護(hù)工程——喀什市老城區(qū)危舊房改造。截至2014年,該項(xiàng)目獲得補(bǔ)助資金累計(jì)30億元,改造危舊房3.1萬戶。新疆現(xiàn)有入選聯(lián)合國教科文組織“人類非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表作名錄”和“急需保護(hù)的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄”的項(xiàng)目3項(xiàng),分別是新疆維吾爾木卡姆藝術(shù)、瑪納斯、麥西萊甫;入選國家級、自治區(qū)級非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表性項(xiàng)目名錄的項(xiàng)目分別有127項(xiàng)、293項(xiàng);國家級、自治區(qū)級非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表性傳承人分別有64位、459位。2010年,《新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)維吾爾木卡姆藝術(shù)保護(hù)條例》頒布實(shí)施,這是中國首個(gè)保護(hù)人類非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表作的省級地方單項(xiàng)立法。搜集維吾爾、哈薩克、蒙古、柯爾克孜等民族民間長詩700余部。蒙古族史詩《江格爾》、哈薩克族阿依特斯、回族花兒、塔吉克族鷹舞、錫伯族西遷節(jié)等一批民族傳統(tǒng)文化瑰寶得到積極保護(hù)。

Cultural heritage has been effectively protected. Xinjiang has 113 cultural relic sites under state protection, and 550 under autonomous regional protection. The region boasts 128,894 individual items or sets of cultural relics. "Silk Roads: The Routes Network of Chang' an-Tianshan Corridor" has been designated as a World Heritage Site. Gaochang Ancient City Ruins, Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins, Beiting Ancient City Site, Kizilgaha Beacon Tower, Kizil Grottoes and Subashi Buddhist Temple Ruins are the first group to be listed in the World Heritage Sites in Xinjiang. The autonomous region has collected and registered 11,194 copies of ancient ethnic minority books, and edited and published 140 of them. Sixty-six ancient ethnic minority titles have been included in the Catalogue of National Rare Ancient Books. Kutadgu Bilig and A Comprehensive Turkic Dictionary, masterpieces of the Karahan Kingdom, which were almost lost to posterity, have been translated into and published in both Uygur and Han Chinese. In 2009, the autonomous region launched the Uygur Historic and Cultural Preservation Project - Renovation of Dilapidated Buildings in the Old Kashi City Proper. By 2014, this project had received grants amounting to RMB3 billion, and old and dilapidated buildings for 31,000 households had been renovated.

Currently, Xinjiang has three projects on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List and the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding - The Art of Xinjiang Uygur Muqam, the Epic of Manas, and the Meshrep, in addition to 127 items of intangible cultural heritage of state class and 293 items of the autonomous regional class, as well as 64 representative trustees of intangible cultural heritages at state level and 459 at autonomous regional level. In 2010, Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on the Preservation of the Art of Uygur Muqam was promulgated, which was China' s first separate regulations at provincial level designed to protect intangible cultural heritage. The autonomous region has collected more than 700 long folk poems of the Uygur, Kazak, Mongol, Kirgiz and other ethnic groups. Vigorous efforts have been made to preserve traditional ethnic cultural treasures, such as the Mongolian epic Janger, the Kazak' s ballad singing Aytes, the Hui folk song Hua' er, the Tajik' s Eagle Dance and the Xibe' s West Moving Festival.

文學(xué)藝術(shù)事業(yè)繁榮發(fā)展。自治區(qū)成立后,新疆民間文學(xué)、古典文學(xué)得到搜集、整理、翻譯、出版和研究,各民族作家、詩人、翻譯家、劇作家、表演藝術(shù)家和文學(xué)評論家迅速成長,逐步形成一支多民族的文學(xué)藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作、表演和研究隊(duì)伍。創(chuàng)作出雜技劇《你好,阿凡提》、話劇《大巴扎》、歌劇《艾力甫與賽乃姆》、音樂劇《冰山上的來客》、歌舞劇《情暖天山》、木卡姆樂舞《木卡姆的春天》等藝術(shù)精品。一批文學(xué)藝術(shù)作品獲國家“五個(gè)一工程獎(jiǎng)”“魯迅文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)”“全國少數(shù)民族文藝會(huì)演金獎(jiǎng)”“國家舞臺藝術(shù)精品工程”“文華獎(jiǎng)”“荷花獎(jiǎng)”“中國雜技金菊獎(jiǎng)”“駿馬獎(jiǎng)”“天山文藝獎(jiǎng)”等國家和自治區(qū)級獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。Literature and arts are prospering. Since the founding of the autonomous region, Xinjiang' s folk and classical literature has been collected, collated, translated, published and studied. Writers, poets, translators, playwrights, performing artists, literary critics of all ethnic minority origins have rapidly matured, forming a multiethnic literary writing, performing and research contingent. Works of excellence have been staged, including Hello, Apandi (acrobatic show), Grand Bazaar (drama), Gherip-Senem (opera), Visitors on the Icy Mountain (musical), Love over the Tianshan Mountains (musical), and The Spring of Muqam (song and dance drama). A group of literary and art works have won the Best Works Award, the Lu Xun Literary Prize, the Gold Award of the National Ethnic Minority Theatrical Festival, Splendor Award and Lotus Award for Stage Arts of Excellence (the former for theatrical artworks and the latter for dance), the China Acrobatic Golden Chrysanthemum Award, the Steed Award (for ethnic minority writers), the Tianshan Literary Prize, and other national and autonomous regional prizes.
新聞出版事業(yè)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。2014年,公開發(fā)行報(bào)紙111種,其中少數(shù)民族文字報(bào)紙51種;發(fā)行期刊199種,其中少數(shù)民族文字期刊116種、外文3種。用維吾爾、漢、哈薩克、蒙古4種文字出版的《新疆日報(bào)》是中國使用文種最多的省級機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)。《新疆經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)》在中亞出版。《烏魯木齊晚報(bào)》(維吾爾文版)是中國第一張少數(shù)民族文字的晚報(bào)?!犊俗卫仗K報(bào)》(柯爾克孜文版)是中國唯一的柯爾克孜文報(bào)紙?!恫觳疾闋枅?bào)》是世界僅有的錫伯文報(bào)紙。新疆現(xiàn)有13家出版社使用維吾爾、漢、哈薩克、蒙古、柯爾克孜、錫伯6種語言文字出版圖書、音像制品和電子出版物。2010年以來,啟動(dòng)《新疆文庫》、“新疆民族文學(xué)原創(chuàng)和民漢互譯作品工程”、維吾爾和哈薩克文《中國大百科全書》等重大出版項(xiàng)目。一批優(yōu)秀出版物獲得“五個(gè)一工程獎(jiǎng)”、中國出版政府獎(jiǎng)等國家級獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。Press and publishing are making steady progress. In 2014, Xinjiang published 111 newspapers, including 51 in ethnic minority languages, and 199 periodicals, including 116 in ethnic minority languages and three in foreign languages. Xinjiang Daily, published in four languages - Uygur, Han Chinese, Kazak and Mongolian - is the official provincial-level newspaper published in the largest number of languages in China. Xinjiang Economic Daily has been published in Urumqi. Urumqi Evening News (Uygur edition) is China' s first evening post published in ethnic minority languages. Kizilsu News (Kirgiz edition) is China' s only newspaper published in the Kirgiz language. Qapqal News is the world' s only newspaper published in the Xibe language. Xinjiang now has 13 publishing houses publishing books, audio and video products, and e-publications in six languages - Uygur, Han Chinese, Kazak, Mongolian, Kirgiz and Xibe. Since 2010, the autonomous region has launched several major publishing projects, including Xinjiang' s Library, Xinjiang Ethnic Literary Creation and Chinese-Ethnic Minority Language Translation Project, and Encyclopedia Sinica (Uygur and Kazak editions). A group of excellent publications have won the Best Works Award, the China Government Award for Publishing, and other national awards.
廣播電影電視事業(yè)發(fā)展迅速。2014年,新疆有廣播電臺5座,電視臺8座,廣播電視臺92座,中、短波廣播發(fā)射臺和轉(zhuǎn)播臺66座。廣播、電視人口覆蓋率分別達(dá)96.48%、96.94%。新疆人民廣播電臺現(xiàn)有維吾爾、漢、哈薩克、蒙古、柯爾克孜5種語言的12套廣播節(jié)目。新疆電視臺現(xiàn)有維吾爾、漢、哈薩克、柯爾克孜4種語言的12套電視節(jié)目。新疆人民廣播電臺的節(jié)目全部通過“新疆新聞在線網(wǎng)”和“國際在線”網(wǎng)站向全球傳播。新疆廣播、電視先后在吉爾吉斯斯坦、烏茲別克斯坦、哈薩克斯坦、蒙古、土耳其等國家播出。新疆電視臺是全國播出頻道、語種最多的省級電視臺,節(jié)目信號覆蓋自治區(qū)、國內(nèi)省會(huì)城市及香港、澳門特別行政區(qū)。近5年,新疆年均譯制少數(shù)民族語言影視劇5500集左右,一批優(yōu)秀廣播、電影、電視作品獲得“五個(gè)一工程獎(jiǎng)”“中國新聞獎(jiǎng)”“華表獎(jiǎng)”等國家級獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。The radio, film and television industries are developing rapidly. By 2014, Xinjiang had five radio stations, eight TV stations, 92 radio and TV stations, and 66 medium and short-wave radio transmitter and relay stations. Some 96.5 percent of the local population had access to radio, and 96.9 percent to TV. Xinjiang People' s Broadcasting Station now provides 12 radio channels in five languages - Uygur, Han Chinese, Kazak, Mongolian and Kirgiz, and Xinjiang TV provides 12 TV channels in four languages - Uygur, Han Chinese, Kazak and Kirgiz. Radio programs from Xinjiang People' s Broadcasting Station are available to the world through Xinjiang News Online (http://www.xjbs.com.cn) and CRI Online (http://gb.cri.cn). Xinjiang' s radio and TV programs have been broadcast in Kirghizstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Turkey. Xinjiang TV is the provincial-level TV station boasting the largest number of channels and broadcasts in the largest number of languages in China; its program signal covers the whole of the region, the capital cities of all provinces and autonomous regions, plus the Hong Kong and Macau SARs. In the last five years, Xinjiang has dubbed an annual average 5,500 episodes of ethnic minority films and TV plays, and a number of fine films, radio and TV programs have won the Best Works Award, the China News Award and the China Huabiao Film Awards.
新媒體快速發(fā)展。目前,新疆登記網(wǎng)站有近1.7萬家,網(wǎng)民數(shù)量達(dá)1140多萬,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)普及率近50%。2014年,自治區(qū)開通微信公眾平臺“最后一公里”,覆蓋全國所有省市區(qū)和幾十個(gè)國家地區(qū),成為傳播新疆聲音、討論新疆議題的公共話語重要平臺。由自治區(qū)、地、縣聯(lián)合打造的“零距離”網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播大平臺構(gòu)建了對外傳播新體系。New media is developing rapidly. Currently, Xinjiang has nearly 17,000 registered websites and 11.4 million netizens, and about 50 percent of the local population has access to the Internet. In 2014, the autonomous region opened a WeChat public account called "The Last Kilometer," which covers all parts of China and dozens of other countries and regions. This has become an important public platform to spread the voice of Xinjiang and discuss issues in relation to Xinjiang. The autonomous region, the various subordinating prefectures and counties have jointly developed a "zero-distance" Internet communication platform, which constitutes a new system of international communications.
對外文化交流日趨活躍。先后派團(tuán)赴美國、德國、日本、哈薩克斯坦、土耳其、利比亞等60多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)開展學(xué)術(shù)交流、文物展覽、文藝演出。在土耳其、哈薩克斯坦、美國注冊成立出版機(jī)構(gòu)。中國新疆國際民族舞蹈節(jié)、中國-亞歐博覽會(huì)“中外文化展示周”、中國新疆國際藝術(shù)雙年展成為具有一定國際影響力的文化交流品牌。Cultural exchanges with other countries are becoming increasingly lively. The autonomous region has sent delegations to more than 60 countries and regions, including the US, Germany, Japan, Kazakhstan, Turkey and Libya, to participate in academic exchanges, hold exhibitions of cultural relics and stage theatrical performances. Xinjiang has registered and founded publishing institutions in Turkey, Kazakhstan and the US. China Xinjiang International Ethnic Dance Festival, Chinese and Foreign Culture Week of China-Eurasia Expo, and China Xinjiang International Arts Biennale have become brand-name cultural exchange projects of considerable international influence.
體育事業(yè)不斷發(fā)展。1955年,新疆有各類體育場地425個(gè),到2014年,增加到2.6萬余個(gè)。廣泛開展全民健身運(yùn)動(dòng),舉辦了13屆自治區(qū)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)、8屆少數(shù)民族傳統(tǒng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì),以及老年人運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)、殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等。農(nóng)村體育蓬勃發(fā)展,建設(shè)村級“農(nóng)牧民體育健身工程”7726個(gè),豐富有趣的體育比賽和健身活動(dòng)深受廣大農(nóng)牧民的歡迎。截至2014年,共發(fā)掘、整理少數(shù)民族傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目629個(gè),維吾爾族傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目“達(dá)瓦孜”享譽(yù)世界。Sports have been promoted. Xinjiang had 425 sports venues of various types in 1955. By 2014, it had more than 26,000. The autonomous region encourages people to participate in the nationwide fitness campaign. It has held 13 Sports Meets of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, eight National Traditional Ethnic Minority Sports Meets, various sports meets for senior citizens, and Paralympic sporting events. Rural sports are thriving. Xinjiang has established 7,726 Farmers' and Herders' Sports and Fitness Projects at village level. These sports events and fitness activities have been much appreciated by the local farmers and herders. By 2014, the autonomous region had identified and revived 629 traditional ethnic minority sports. The Uygur traditional tightrope-walking activity known as Darwaz is of great repute around the world.
文化和體育產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展態(tài)勢良好。截至2014年,新疆建設(shè)國家級文化產(chǎn)業(yè)示范基地6家,自治區(qū)級、地級文化產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)20個(gè),自治區(qū)級文化產(chǎn)業(yè)示范基地76家。近年來,自治區(qū)努力探索體育職業(yè)化、市場化道路,引進(jìn)、成立新疆天山雪豹足球、天山女子籃球等一批職業(yè)體育俱樂部。體育競賽與表演市場日趨活躍,環(huán)塔拉力賽、CBA籃球職業(yè)聯(lián)賽新疆區(qū)比賽保持較高市場化運(yùn)作水平。培育以俱樂部為主體的體育健身市場和有特色的群眾體育品牌,以國際露營大會(huì)、國際沙漠徒步賽、冰雪和航空體育運(yùn)動(dòng)為代表的體育休閑市場不斷發(fā)展。Cultural and sports industries have maintained a sound momentum of development. By 2014, Xinjiang had established six state-class cultural industry demonstration bases, 20 cultural industry parks (zones) at the autonomous regional and prefectural levels, and 76 cultural industry demonstration bases at the autonomous regional level. In recent years, the region has been proactively experimenting with the professionalization and commercialization of sports; a group of professional sports clubs have been introduced and established, including Xinjiang Tianshan Snow Leopard Football Club and Tianshan Women' s Basketball Club. Sports events and the market for sports performances are flourishing; Taklimakan Rally and CBA (Chinese Basketball Association) matches in Xinjiang have been commercial successes. Xinjiang has fostered a sports and fitness market supported by grassroots clubs, and promoted distinctive mass sports events. Continuous development has been seen in the sports leisure market, represented by the China International Camping Congress and the International Desert Hiking Contest, and featuring in particular winter sports and air sports.
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