《中國(guó)北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)》白皮書
White Paper: China's BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
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調(diào)整字號(hào)大小: 
| 二、持續(xù)建設(shè)和發(fā)展北斗系統(tǒng) | II. Development of the BDS |
| 中國(guó)始終立足于國(guó)情國(guó)力，堅(jiān)持自主創(chuàng)新、分步建設(shè)、不斷完善北斗系統(tǒng)。 | Based on its national conditions, China has independently developed the BDS step by step with constant improvement. |
| （一）實(shí)施“三步走”發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略 | (I) Three-Step Strategy of Development |
| ——第一步，建設(shè)北斗一號(hào)系統(tǒng)（也稱北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)）。1994年，啟動(dòng)北斗一號(hào)系統(tǒng)工程建設(shè)；2000年，發(fā)射2顆地球靜止軌道衛(wèi)星，建成系統(tǒng)并投入使用，采用有源定位體制，為中國(guó)用戶提供定位、授時(shí)、廣域差分和短報(bào)文通信服務(wù)；2003年，發(fā)射第三顆地球靜止軌道衛(wèi)星，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)性能。 | - The first step is to construct the BDS-1 (also known as BeiDou Navigation Satellite Demonstration System). The project was started in 1994, and the system was completed and put into operation in 2000 with the launching of two Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites. With an active-positioning scheme, the system provided users in China with positioning, timing, wide-area differential and short message communication services. The third GEO satellite was launched in 2003, which further enhanced the system's performance. |
| ——第二步，建設(shè)北斗二號(hào)系統(tǒng)。2004年，啟動(dòng)北斗二號(hào)系統(tǒng)工程建設(shè)；2012年年底，完成14顆衛(wèi)星（5顆地球靜止軌道衛(wèi)星、5顆傾斜地球同步軌道衛(wèi)星和4顆中圓地球軌道衛(wèi)星）發(fā)射組網(wǎng)。北斗二號(hào)系統(tǒng)在兼容北斗一號(hào)技術(shù)體制基礎(chǔ)上，增加無(wú)源定位體制，為亞太地區(qū)用戶提供定位、測(cè)速、授時(shí)、廣域差分和短報(bào)文通信服務(wù)。 | - The second step is to construct the BDS-2. The project was started in 2004, and by the end of 2012 a total of 14 satellites - 5 GEO satellites, 5 Inclined Geosynchronous Satellite Orbit (IGSO) satellites and 4 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites - had been launched to finish the space constellation deployment. Based on a technical scheme which was compatible with the BDS-1, the BDS-2 added the passive-positioning scheme, and provided users in the Asia-Pacific region with positioning, velocity measurement, timing, wide-area differential and short message communication services. |
| ——第三步，建設(shè)北斗全球系統(tǒng)。2009年，啟動(dòng)北斗全球系統(tǒng)建設(shè)，繼承北斗有源服務(wù)和無(wú)源服務(wù)兩種技術(shù)體制；計(jì)劃2018年，面向“一帶一路”沿線及周邊國(guó)家提供基本服務(wù)；2020年前后，完成35顆衛(wèi)星發(fā)射組網(wǎng)，為全球用戶提供服務(wù)。 | - The third step is to construct the BDS. The project was started in 2009 to inherit the technical schemes of both active and passive services. The goal is to provide basic services to the countries along the Belt and Road and in neighboring regions by 2018, and to complete the constellation deployment with the launching of 35 satellites by 2020 to provide services to global users. |
| （二）北斗系統(tǒng)的基本組成 | (II) Main Composition of the BDS |
| 北斗系統(tǒng)由空間段、地面段和用戶段三部分組成。 | The BDS is mainly comprised of three segments: space segment, ground segment and user segment. |
| ——空間段。北斗系統(tǒng)空間段由若干地球靜止軌道衛(wèi)星、傾斜地球同步軌道衛(wèi)星和中圓地球軌道衛(wèi)星三種軌道衛(wèi)星組成混合導(dǎo)航星座。 | - The space segment. The BDS space segment is a hybrid navigation constellation consisting of GEO, IGSO and MEO satellites. |
| ——地面段。北斗系統(tǒng)地面段包括主控站、時(shí)間同步/注入站和監(jiān)測(cè)站等若干地面站。 | - The ground segment. The BDS ground segment consists of various ground stations, including master control stations, time synchronization/uplink stations, and monitoring stations. |
| ——用戶段。北斗系統(tǒng)用戶段包括北斗兼容其他衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的芯片、模塊、天線等基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)品，以及終端產(chǎn)品、應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)與應(yīng)用服務(wù)等。 | - The user segment. The BDS user segment consists of various kinds of BDS basic products, including chips, modules and antennae, as well as terminals, application systems and application services, which are compatible with other systems. |
| （三）北斗系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展特色 | (III) Characteristics of the BDS |
| 北斗系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)實(shí)踐，實(shí)現(xiàn)了在區(qū)域快速形成服務(wù)能力、逐步擴(kuò)展為全球服務(wù)的發(fā)展路徑，豐富了世界衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航事業(yè)的發(fā)展模式。 | The BDS development follows a model of developing regional service capacities, then gradually extending the service globally. This practice has enriched the development models for navigation satellite systems worldwide. |
| 北斗系統(tǒng)具有以下特點(diǎn)：一是北斗系統(tǒng)空間段采用三種軌道衛(wèi)星組成的混合星座，與其他衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)相比高軌衛(wèi)星更多，抗遮擋能力強(qiáng)，尤其低緯度地區(qū)性能特點(diǎn)更為明顯。二是北斗系統(tǒng)提供多個(gè)頻點(diǎn)的導(dǎo)航信號(hào)，能夠通過(guò)多頻信號(hào)組合使用等方式提高服務(wù)精度。三是北斗系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)新融合了導(dǎo)航與通信能力，具有實(shí)時(shí)導(dǎo)航、快速定位、精確授時(shí)、位置報(bào)告和短報(bào)文通信服務(wù)五大功能。 | The BDS possesses the following characteristics: First, its space segment is a hybrid constellation consisting of satellites in three kinds of orbits. In comparison with other navigation satellite systems, the BDS operates more satellites in high orbits to offer better anti-shielding capabilities, which is particularly observable in terms of performance in the low-latitude areas. Second, the BDS provides navigation signals of multiple frequencies, and is able to improve service accuracy by using combined multi-frequency signals. Third, the BDS integrates navigation and communication capabilities for the first time, and has five major functions - real-time navigation, rapid positioning, precise timing, location reporting and short message communication services. |
| （四）持續(xù)提升北斗系統(tǒng)性能 | (IV) Improvement of BDS Performance |
| 為滿足日益增長(zhǎng)的用戶需求，北斗系統(tǒng)將加強(qiáng)衛(wèi)星、原子鐘、信號(hào)體制等方面的技術(shù)研發(fā)，探索發(fā)展新一代導(dǎo)航定位授時(shí)技術(shù)，持續(xù)提升服務(wù)性能。 | To meet the increasing user demand, BDS technical research and development in the areas of satellites, atomic clocks and signals will be strengthened, and a new generation of navigation, positioning and timing technologies will be explored to improve service performance. |
| ——提供全球服務(wù)。發(fā)射新一代導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星，研制更高性能的星載原子鐘，進(jìn)一步提高衛(wèi)星性能與壽命，構(gòu)建穩(wěn)定可靠的星間鏈路；增發(fā)更多的導(dǎo)航信號(hào)，加強(qiáng)與其他衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的兼容與互操作，為全球用戶提供更好的服務(wù)。 | - Providing global services. China will launch new-generation navigation satellites, develop airborne atomic clocks with enhanced performance, further improve the performance and lifetime of satellites, and build more stable and reliable inter-satellite links. It will broadcast additional navigation signals, and enhance the compatibility and interoperability with other navigation satellite systems, so as to provide better services for global users. |
| ——增強(qiáng)服務(wù)能力。大力建設(shè)地面試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)星地設(shè)備全覆蓋測(cè)試驗(yàn)證；持續(xù)建設(shè)完善星基和地基增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)，大幅提高系統(tǒng)服務(wù)精度和可靠性；優(yōu)化位置報(bào)告及短報(bào)文通信技術(shù)體制，擴(kuò)大用戶容量，拓展服務(wù)區(qū)域。 | - Strengthening service capabilities. China will establish a grounded test and validation bed to accomplish the full coverage of tests and validation for space and ground equipment; continue to build and improve satellite based and ground based augmentation systems to substantially enhance BDS service accuracy and reliability; optimize the technical system of location reporting and short message communication to expand user volume and service coverage. |
| ——保持時(shí)空基準(zhǔn)。北斗系統(tǒng)時(shí)間基準(zhǔn)（北斗時(shí)），溯源于協(xié)調(diào)世界時(shí)，時(shí)差信息在導(dǎo)航電文中發(fā)播；推動(dòng)與其他衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)開(kāi)展時(shí)差監(jiān)測(cè)，提高兼容與互操作。發(fā)展基于北斗系統(tǒng)的全球位置標(biāo)識(shí)體系，推動(dòng)北斗系統(tǒng)坐標(biāo)框架與其他衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的互操作，并不斷精化參考框架。 | - Maintaining spatio-temporal reference. The BDT is related to the Coordinated Universal Time, and the time bias information is broadcast in the navigation message. China will push forward the clock bias monitoring with other navigation satellite systems, and improve their compatibility and interoperability. It will develop a BDS-based worldwide location identification system, increase the interoperability between BDS coordinate frame and that of other navigation satellite systems, and constantly refine the reference frame. |
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