《中國司法領(lǐng)域人權(quán)保障的新進(jìn)展》白皮書
White Paper: New Progress in the Judicial Protection of Human Rights in China
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| 四、切實(shí)保障被羈押人合法權(quán)利 | IV. Safeguard the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Detainees |
| 進(jìn)一步改善監(jiān)獄、看守所監(jiān)管條件，強(qiáng)化對監(jiān)管活動(dòng)和刑罰執(zhí)行的監(jiān)督，嚴(yán)格規(guī)范減刑、假釋和暫予監(jiān)外執(zhí)行，規(guī)定刑事被告人或上訴人出庭受審不再穿著監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的識別服，切實(shí)保障被羈押人的人格尊嚴(yán)、人身安全、合法財(cái)產(chǎn)和辯護(hù)、申訴、控告、檢舉等合法權(quán)利。 | We should further improve the conditions of prisons and detention houses, enhance scrutiny of supervisory activities and the execution of punishment, standardize commutation, parole, and execution of sentence outside prison, and stipulate that criminal defendants and appellants no longer need to wear clothing bearing the name of the detention house, so as to safeguard the detainees' personal dignity, safety, legal property, and legitimate rights including the rights to defense, to appeal, to complain, and to report violations of law. |
| 加強(qiáng)看守所建設(shè)和管理，保障被羈押人的人身安全。實(shí)施新的《看守所建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》，全面推行床位制，對看守所的建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和人均最低使用面積作出規(guī)定。嚴(yán)格落實(shí)入所身體檢查制度，建立預(yù)防和打擊牢頭獄霸的長效機(jī)制，對新收押人員實(shí)行過渡管理，嚴(yán)禁使用在押人員管理監(jiān)室。嚴(yán)格提訊、提解制度。辦案機(jī)關(guān)因偵查需要提解犯罪嫌疑人出所辨認(rèn)或者追繳犯罪有關(guān)財(cái)物的，必須持有縣級以上辦案機(jī)關(guān)主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)批示并標(biāo)明法定原因，由兩名以上辦案人員提解。截至2015年，全國有2169個(gè)看守所建立被羈押人心理咨詢室，有2207個(gè)看守所實(shí)現(xiàn)留所服刑罪犯互聯(lián)網(wǎng)雙向視頻會(huì)見。大力推進(jìn)法律援助中心駐看守所工作站建設(shè)，全國已有2500多個(gè)看守所建立了工作站，為在押人員及其家屬提供法律援助、法律咨詢等服務(wù)。 | Strengthen the construction and management of detention houses to safeguard detainees' personal safety. We must implement the new "Construction Standards for Detention Houses," replace shared beds with single beds, and define the construction standards and minimal per capita floor space in detention houses. We must strictly implement the system of physical examination upon admission, establish a long-term mechanism for preventing and combating prison bullies, adopt transition management over new detainees, and strictly forbid detainees from managing cells. We should strengthen the arraignment and interrogation system. When taking out a suspect from the detention house for identification - which must be done by no fewer than two investigators at a time - or recovering property related to a case, the case handling organs should hold a written instruction signed by the leading official of the organ above the county level which bears the legal causes for the investigation. By the end of 2015, psychological counseling rooms had been built in 2,169 detention houses in China, and 2,207 detention houses had provided two-way video via the internet for those who serve their term of imprisonment in the detention houses. We should urge legal aid centers to locate in detention houses. More than 2,500 detention houses have set up offices for providing legal aid and consultation services to detainees and their families. |
| 規(guī)范監(jiān)獄、看守所生活醫(yī)療管理，保障被羈押人的健康權(quán)利?？词厮鶉?yán)格執(zhí)行本地區(qū)財(cái)政部門核定的在押人員伙食實(shí)物量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在監(jiān)室內(nèi)張貼伙食標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、每周食譜和伙食賬目，接受監(jiān)督。監(jiān)獄按照《關(guān)于加強(qiáng)監(jiān)獄生活衛(wèi)生管理工作的若干規(guī)定》，嚴(yán)格落實(shí)2013年調(diào)整后的在押服刑人員伙食實(shí)物量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、食品留樣及抽樣檢測、生活物資招標(biāo)采購制度。加強(qiáng)監(jiān)獄生活衛(wèi)生管理，保證服刑人員的飲食實(shí)現(xiàn)科學(xué)配膳、合理調(diào)劑、精細(xì)管理、杜絕浪費(fèi)。照顧少數(shù)民族服刑人員的特殊生活習(xí)慣，對有特殊飲食禁忌的，單獨(dú)設(shè)置少數(shù)民族灶。監(jiān)獄、看守所加強(qiáng)在押人員醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生保障，為在押人員建立醫(yī)療檔案，配備駐監(jiān)獄、看守所醫(yī)生并每日在監(jiān)室巡診，對需要出監(jiān)獄、看守所就醫(yī)的在押人員及時(shí)送當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院治療。監(jiān)獄嚴(yán)格藥品采購、保管和使用等制度，加強(qiáng)衛(wèi)生設(shè)施設(shè)備建設(shè)和疾病防控，對患病服刑人員及時(shí)診治，依法保障服刑人員的生命權(quán)、健康權(quán)。最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院、公安部、司法部和國家衛(wèi)生計(jì)生委聯(lián)合制定《暫予監(jiān)外執(zhí)行規(guī)定》，于2014年12月1日起實(shí)施。服刑人員在監(jiān)獄、看守所服刑期間因參加勞動(dòng)致傷、致殘被暫予監(jiān)外執(zhí)行的，出監(jiān)、出所后的醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助、生活困難補(bǔ)助等費(fèi)用按國家有關(guān)規(guī)定辦理。對患有嚴(yán)重疾病需要保外就醫(yī)的、懷孕或者正在哺乳自己嬰兒的婦女以及生活不能自理的服刑人員，可以暫予監(jiān)外執(zhí)行。 | Standardize medical services and life management in prisons and detention houses to safeguard detainees' right to health. Detention houses should strictly follow the food supply quantity standard for detainees, which has been approved by local financial authorities. Meal standards, weekly menus and accounts should be posted in cells for supervision. Prisons should strictly follow the Regulations on Strengthening Management of Daily Life and Hygiene Work of Prisons, implement the prisoners' food supply quantity standard which was adjusted in 2013, practice food sampling and sample reservation, and implement the system of invitation for bidding for and procurement of daily necessities. We should strengthen management of daily life and hygiene work of prisons, and guarantee a scientific diet which is reasonably adjusted with fine management for prisoners while eliminating waste. We should take into consideration the special customs of ethnic minority prisoners, and provide special meals for those who are subject to dietary restrictions. Prisons and detention houses should improve medical services for detainees, create medical records for them, staff them with stationed doctors, who make rounds of the cells every day, and transfer those who need to be treated in hospitals outside in a timely manner. Regulations on purchase, storage and use of medicines in prisons should be strictly followed. We should improve medical facilities, strengthen disease prevention and control, provide timely treatment to sick detainees, and guarantee their rights to life and health in accordance with the law. The Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Justice and the National Health and Family Planning Commission jointly formulated the Regulations on Execution of Sentence Outside Prison, which came into effect on December 1, 2014. If persons serving sentences are injured or maimed while working during imprisonment, and are allowed to enjoy execution of sentence outside prison, the fees including their medical subsidies and living allowances outside the prison will be reimbursed in accordance with the relevant regulations of the state. Pregnant or lactating women, those who suffer severe illnesses and need to be released on bail for medical treatment, and those who cannot take care of themselves are also allowed to enjoy execution of sentence outside prison. |
| 加強(qiáng)對監(jiān)獄、看守所的監(jiān)督，保障被羈押人合法權(quán)利不受侵犯?？词厮岣邎?zhí)法工作透明度，定期向社會(huì)開放。截至2015年，全國有2610個(gè)看守所建立在押人員投訴處理機(jī)制，有2558個(gè)看守所聘請了特邀監(jiān)督員。檢察機(jī)關(guān)監(jiān)督看守所對犯罪嫌疑人、被告人入所健康體檢活動(dòng)和臨時(shí)出所管理活動(dòng)，防止和糾正偵查人員將犯罪嫌疑人提出看守所外進(jìn)行非法訊問或刑訊逼供。強(qiáng)化刑事羈押期限監(jiān)管，監(jiān)督各有關(guān)部門清理久押不決案件。2013年核查出的羈押3年以上未結(jié)案的4459人，2015年下降到6人。 | Enhance supervision over prisons and detention houses to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of detainees. To increase the transparency of their law enforcement, detention houses should open to the public on a regular basis. By 2015, a complaint handling mechanism for detainees had been installed in 2,610 detention houses, and 2,558 had employed special supervisors. Procuratorial organs supervise activities in detention houses such as health examinations upon entrance and temporary removal of detainees, with a view to preventing and rectifying illegal interrogation and forced confessions outside detention houses. We should strengthen supervision over the term of criminal detention and urge relevant departments to settle outstanding cases. In 2013, 4,459 detainees involved in outstanding cases had been in detention for more than three years, but the figure fell to six in 2015. |
| 規(guī)范減刑、假釋、暫予監(jiān)外執(zhí)行工作，保障服刑罪犯刑罰變更執(zhí)行的權(quán)利。深化獄務(wù)公開，依法向社會(huì)公開減刑、假釋、暫予監(jiān)外執(zhí)行的法定條件、程序和結(jié)果。人民法院強(qiáng)化網(wǎng)上公示、開庭審理等措施，開通全國法院減刑、假釋、暫予監(jiān)外執(zhí)行信息網(wǎng)。2012年至2015年，各級法院共裁定減刑案件240.61萬件、假釋案件16.01萬件。監(jiān)獄、看守所嚴(yán)格按照法律規(guī)定，對符合減刑、假釋、暫予監(jiān)外執(zhí)行的留所服刑罪犯及時(shí)辦理相關(guān)手續(xù)。檢察機(jī)關(guān)嚴(yán)格履行監(jiān)督職責(zé)，確保刑罰變更的公平公正。 | Standardize commutation, parole and execution of sentence outside prison and safeguard detainees' rights to implementation of penalty change. We must open prison affairs wider to the public, including the legal conditions, procedures and results of commutation, parole and execution of sentence outside prison. People's courts should improve online public notification and hearings, and open a national information network on commutation, parole and execution of sentence outside prison. From 2012 to 2015 people's courts adjudicated 2,406,100 commutation cases and 160,100 parole cases. Prisons and detention houses should carry out relevant procedures in a timely manner for those who are qualified to enjoy commutation, parole or execution of sentence outside prison in accordance with the law. People's procuratorates should strictly perform their supervisory duties so as to ensure the justice and fairness of penalty changes. |
| 實(shí)施國家特赦，彰顯人道精神。2015年8月29日，第十二屆全國人大常委會(huì)第十六次會(huì)議通過關(guān)于特赦部分服刑罪犯的決定，國家主席習(xí)近平簽署主席特赦令，對依據(jù)2015年1月1日前人民法院作出的生效判決正在服刑，釋放后不具有現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)危險(xiǎn)性的四類罪犯實(shí)行特赦。這是新中國成立以來第八次，也是改革開放以來第一次實(shí)行特赦，是實(shí)施憲法規(guī)定的特赦制度、貫徹全面依法治國和體現(xiàn)人道主義精神的新實(shí)踐，具有重大政治意義和法治意義。經(jīng)人民法院依法裁定，全國共特赦服刑罪犯31527人。對無工作單位、無勞動(dòng)能力、無生活來源、無法定贍養(yǎng)人的被特赦人員，依法按政策落實(shí)最低生活保障等措施，幫助被特赦人員順利融入社會(huì)。 | Implement national amnesty to highlight humanitarianism. On August 29, 2015, the 16th session of the 12th Standing Committee of the NPC approved the decision on amnesty for prisoners, and Chinese President Xi Jinping signed an amnesty decree, granting amnesty for four types of criminals who had been serving sentences according to effective judgments made by people's courts before January 1, 2015 and were no longer considered to be a danger to society on release. This was the eighth national amnesty since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and the first time since the adoption of reform and opening-up in 1978. It was a new approach to implementing the amnesty system stipulated in the Constitution, to implementing rule of law and highlighting humanitarianism, so it was of great political and legal significance. According to judgments made by people's courts, 31,527 prisoners were granted amnesty across the country. Those who were incapable of work, or had no job, no source of income, and no legal supporters were granted subsistence allowances so that they could better reintegrate into society. (Source: China.org.cn) |
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