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2017年中央和地方預(yù)算報(bào)告(全文)
Full text: Report on China's central, local budgets (2017)

 
Comment(s)打印 E-mail China.org.cn 2017-03-21
調(diào)整字號(hào)大小:

3月5日,第十二屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第五次會(huì)議在北京人民大會(huì)堂開幕。 [新華社]

3月5日,第十二屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第五次會(huì)議在北京人民大會(huì)堂開幕。 [新華社]
The fifth session of the 12th National People's Congress opens at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 5, 2017. [Photo/Xinhua]

關(guān)于2016年中央和地方預(yù)算執(zhí)行情況與2017年中央和地方預(yù)算草案的報(bào)告

Report on the Execution of the Central and Local Budgets for 2016 and on the Draft Central and Local Budgets for 2017

——2017年3月5日在第十二屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第五次會(huì)議上

Fifth Session of the 12th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China

March 5, 2017

財(cái)政部

Ministry of Finance

各位代表:Esteemed Deputies,
受國(guó)務(wù)院委托,現(xiàn)將2016年中央和地方預(yù)算執(zhí)行情況與2017年中央和地方預(yù)算草案提請(qǐng)十二屆全國(guó)人大五次會(huì)議審議,并請(qǐng)全國(guó)政協(xié)各位委員提出意見。The Ministry of Finance has been entrusted by the State Council to submit this report on the execution of the central and local budgets for 2016 and on the draft central and local budgets for 2017 to the present Fifth Session of the 12th National People's Congress (NPC) for your deliberation and for comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
一、2016年中央和地方預(yù)算執(zhí)行情況I. Execution of the Central and Local Budgets for 2016
2016年,面對(duì)嚴(yán)峻復(fù)雜的國(guó)內(nèi)外環(huán)境,在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,各地區(qū)、各部門堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào),堅(jiān)持新發(fā)展理念,以推進(jìn)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革為主線,適度擴(kuò)大總需求,經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)保持平穩(wěn)健康發(fā)展,實(shí)現(xiàn)了“十三五”良好開局。中央和地方預(yù)算執(zhí)行情況較好。In 2016, we were faced with challenging and complicated environments both in China and abroad. However, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Xi Jinping at its core, all localities and departments strived for progress while working to keep performance stable, upheld China's new development philosophy, and focused on supply-side structural reform while seeking an appropriate expansion of aggregate demand. As a result, we achieved steady and sound economic and social development and kicked the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development (2016-2020) off to a good start. Execution of the budgets was satisfactory.
(一)落實(shí)全國(guó)人大預(yù)算決議情況。1. Implementation of the NPC resolution on the budgets
財(cái)政部門強(qiáng)化預(yù)算法治意識(shí),積極發(fā)揮職能作用,認(rèn)真落實(shí)十二屆全國(guó)人大四次會(huì)議有關(guān)決議,以及全國(guó)人大財(cái)政經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)的審查意見。Departments of finance improved rule of law awareness in the execution of the budgets, actively performed our functions, and conscientiously implemented the resolution adopted at the Fourth Session of the 12th NPC on the budgets as well as the views given by the NPC Financial and Economic Affairs Commission on the budgets.
有效實(shí)施積極財(cái)政政策。實(shí)行大規(guī)模減稅降費(fèi)。全面推開營(yíng)改增試點(diǎn),將試點(diǎn)范圍擴(kuò)大到建筑業(yè)、房地產(chǎn)業(yè)、金融業(yè)、生活服務(wù)業(yè),并將所有企業(yè)新增不動(dòng)產(chǎn)所含增值稅納入抵扣范圍,新增試點(diǎn)行業(yè)全部實(shí)現(xiàn)總體稅負(fù)只減不增的預(yù)期目標(biāo),前期納入試點(diǎn)的行業(yè)和原增值稅行業(yè)因可抵扣進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅增加也實(shí)現(xiàn)了減稅,全年降低企業(yè)稅負(fù)5736億元。進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大企業(yè)研發(fā)費(fèi)用加計(jì)扣除范圍,加大對(duì)高新技術(shù)企業(yè)支持力度,出臺(tái)股權(quán)激勵(lì)和技術(shù)入股遞延納稅政策,完善科技企業(yè)孵化器稅收政策。取消、停征和歸并一批政府性基金,擴(kuò)大18項(xiàng)行政事業(yè)性收費(fèi)免征范圍,推動(dòng)地方清理規(guī)范涉企行政事業(yè)性收費(fèi),減輕企業(yè)和個(gè)人負(fù)擔(dān)460多億元。合理擴(kuò)大財(cái)政支出規(guī)模。赤字率適當(dāng)提高,增加的赤字主要用于彌補(bǔ)減稅降費(fèi)帶來的財(cái)政減收,保障政府應(yīng)該承擔(dān)的支出責(zé)任。新增地方政府債務(wù)限額1.18萬億元。繼續(xù)發(fā)行地方政府債券置換存量債務(wù)4.9萬億元,加上2015年置換的3.2萬億元,累計(jì)置換8.1萬億元,全年降低利息成本約4000億元。同時(shí),實(shí)施針對(duì)性強(qiáng)的政策措施,著力推動(dòng)“三去一降一補(bǔ)”。中央財(cái)政設(shè)立并及時(shí)撥付工業(yè)企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整專項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)資金,支持化解鋼鐵、煤炭行業(yè)過剩產(chǎn)能過程中職工分流安置工作。安排補(bǔ)助資金,支持中央企業(yè)處置“僵尸企業(yè)”。調(diào)整房地產(chǎn)交易環(huán)節(jié)契稅、營(yíng)業(yè)稅政策,加強(qiáng)對(duì)居民自住和改善性住房需求的支持,推動(dòng)化解商品房庫存。明確債轉(zhuǎn)股涉及的債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓和核銷政策,支持實(shí)施市場(chǎng)化銀行債轉(zhuǎn)股。階段性降低社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率,清理涉企保證金,進(jìn)一步幫助企業(yè)降低成本。加大補(bǔ)短板力度,大幅增加財(cái)政扶貧投入助力脫貧攻堅(jiān),大力支持棚戶區(qū)改造、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域。

-- Implementing proactive fiscal policy

Large-scale cuts were made to taxes and fees. In extending trials to replace business tax with VAT to all industries, we carried out trials in the construction, real estate, financial, and consumer service industries, and made the value-added of the new immovable property in all enterprises eligible for VAT deductions. The tax burdens of all industries newly included in the trials were reduced as planned, while other industries already included in these trials and industries originally using VAT also saw a reduction in their tax burdens due to increased business VAT deductions. Over the year we reduced the tax burden on enterprises across all industries by 573.6 billion yuan.

We further expanded the scope of additional tax deductions for enterprises' spending on research and development; increased funding for high-technology enterprises; introduced policies on equity-based incentives for innovation and on deferred payment of individual income tax for research and development personnel who have become shareholders through their technology and innovation; and improved tax policies for technology business incubators. We abolished or suspended a number of government-managed funds and consolidated some of these funds, expanded the coverage of exemption from 18 kinds of administrative charges; and urged local governments to overhaul and regulate their administrative charges on enterprises, thereby lessening the financial burden on enterprises and individuals by 46 billion plus yuan.

Reasonable increases were made to government expenditures. The government deficit was appropriately increased primarily to make up for reduced government revenue resulting from reductions in taxes and fees, ensuring funding for government spending. We raised the ceiling for local government debt by 1.18 trillion yuan. Local government bonds issued to replace outstanding debt reached 4.9 trillion yuan. Adding in the 3.2 trillion yuan worth of local government bonds issued in 2015, the value of such bonds issued over the past two years totaled 8.1 trillion yuan. Over the course of the year, local governments have saved approximately 400 billion yuan in interest payments by issuing bonds.

Meanwhile, targeted policies and measures were implemented to address overcapacity, reduce excessive inventory, deleverage, lower costs, and bolster areas of weakness. In funding the resettling of workers laid off from the steel and coal industries as result of overcapacity cuts, we set up funds financed by the central government and promptly allocated appropriations from such funds as subsidies or rewards for restructuring industrial enterprises. We ensured subsidies were provided to address the issue of central government "zombie enterprises." We adjusted policies on deed transfer tax and business tax in the real estate industry with a view to boosting people's demand for housing for personal use and second homes and helping reduce commodity housing stock.

We developed clear policies on the swapping and cancellation of debt in debt-to-equity swaps to support market-based swapping of debt owed to banks for company shares. We introduced short-term reductions on social insurance premiums and overhauled guaranty funds relating to enterprises, thereby further lowering the costs of enterprises. We redoubled efforts to strengthen areas of weakness, considerably increased funding for poverty alleviation, and fully supported major tasks such as rebuilding in rundown urban areas and infrastructure development.

積極推進(jìn)財(cái)稅改革與立法。實(shí)現(xiàn)增值稅對(duì)貨物和服務(wù)全覆蓋。全面推進(jìn)資源稅從價(jià)計(jì)征改革,開展水資源稅改革試點(diǎn)。推動(dòng)出臺(tái)環(huán)境保護(hù)稅法。制定政府非稅收入管理辦法。出臺(tái)推進(jìn)中央與地方財(cái)政事權(quán)和支出責(zé)任劃分改革的指導(dǎo)意見,明確了改革的總體要求、劃分原則、主要內(nèi)容。合理確定全面推開營(yíng)改增試點(diǎn)后中央與地方增值稅收入分享比例,保持現(xiàn)有財(cái)力格局總體穩(wěn)定。調(diào)整中央對(duì)地方增值稅返還辦法,進(jìn)一步完善分稅制財(cái)政體制。出臺(tái)實(shí)施支持農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化的財(cái)政政策并建立獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制。改革和完善中央對(duì)地方轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度,專項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付項(xiàng)目數(shù)量進(jìn)一步減少到94項(xiàng),一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付占比提高至60.6%。大力推進(jìn)預(yù)決算公開,首次在中國(guó)政府網(wǎng)和財(cái)政部門戶網(wǎng)站集中發(fā)布中央部門決算信息,制定地方預(yù)決算公開操作規(guī)程。

-- Working for progress in fiscal and tax reforms and legislation

We worked toward extending VAT to cover all goods and services. We continued the reform to apply ad valorem rates to all resource taxes, piloted the reform to introduce the water resource tax, and drove progress in legislation on an environmental protection tax. We developed measures for the management of non-tax government revenue. We issued guidelines on the reform to share fiscal authority and spending responsibilities between the central and local governments, making clear the requirements, the sharing principles, and the main content of the reform. We determined the appropriate ratio for sharing VAT revenue between the central and local governments following the application of VAT in all industries in order to ensure the stability currently enjoyed in the sharing of financial resources continues. We adjusted the methods for central government VAT rebates to local governments, and improved the revenue-sharing fiscal system. We issued and implemented fiscal policies on granting urban residency to people with rural household registration living in urban areas, and introduced related reward mechanisms.

We reformed and improved the system of central government transfer payments to local governments, cutting the number of items receiving special transfer payments from the central government to 94, and raising the proportion of general transfer payments against total transfer payments to 60.6 percent. We stepped up efforts to see that government budgets and final accounts are made available to the public, publishing for the first time a whole package of final accounts of central departments on http://www.gov.cn/and http://www.mof.gov.cn/index.htm and drawing up operating procedures for publicly releasing local budgets and final accounts.

著力提高財(cái)政支出績(jī)效。嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行全國(guó)人大批準(zhǔn)的預(yù)算,及時(shí)批復(fù)下達(dá)。加強(qiáng)預(yù)算績(jī)效管理,中央部門項(xiàng)目支出績(jī)效目標(biāo)管理實(shí)現(xiàn)全覆蓋,首次將重大項(xiàng)目的績(jī)效目標(biāo)及具體績(jī)效指標(biāo)同預(yù)算一并批復(fù),對(duì)部分重大民生政策和重點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)支出開展績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)。部分中央部門預(yù)算績(jī)效管理工作開展情況和項(xiàng)目績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果首次同部門決算一并向社會(huì)公開。盤活財(cái)政存量資金,按規(guī)定用于經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展急需領(lǐng)域。開展貧困縣統(tǒng)籌整合使用財(cái)政涉農(nóng)資金試點(diǎn),把納入統(tǒng)籌整合范圍的財(cái)政涉農(nóng)資金的配置、使用權(quán)賦予貧困縣。進(jìn)一步完善中央財(cái)政科研項(xiàng)目資金管理,擴(kuò)大高校、科研院所在科研項(xiàng)目資金、差旅會(huì)議等方面的管理權(quán)限。大力推廣運(yùn)用政府和社會(huì)資本合作(PPP)模式,加強(qiáng)PPP項(xiàng)目全生命周期財(cái)政管理,保障項(xiàng)目實(shí)施質(zhì)量。截至2016年底,全國(guó)PPP綜合信息平臺(tái)入庫項(xiàng)目11260個(gè)、總投資13.5萬億元,已簽約落地的項(xiàng)目1351個(gè)、總投資2.2萬億元。加大政府購買服務(wù)改革力度,制定通過政府購買服務(wù)支持社會(huì)組織培育發(fā)展和做好事業(yè)單位政府購買服務(wù)改革工作的意見。推動(dòng)政府投資基金加快運(yùn)作,激發(fā)社會(huì)投資活力。

-- Working to improve the performance of government funds

We promptly approved the appropriation of government funds in strict accordance with the budgets approved by the NPC. In strengthening budget performance administration, we applied performance target administration to all central department project expenditures, began for the first time to set performance targets and indicators for major projects at the same time as granting budgeted funds, and conducted performance evaluations in relation to expenditures for a portion of major policies on people's wellbeing and for key special projects. Information on the performance administration and performance evaluation results of some central department budgets were for the first time released to the public along with the final accounts of these departments.

Available government funds were put to work, in accordance with regulations, in pressing areas of economic and social development. We carried out trials to integrate and coordinate the use of government funds for rural development in poor counties, granting these counties the power to allocate and utilize the funds earmarked for such trials. We improved fund management for central government-funded research programs, expanding the authority of colleges and research institutions to manage research funds and expenses on related travel and meetings. We made a big push to expand the use of public-private partnership (PPP) models, and strengthened lifecycle financial regulation of PPP projects to ensure the quality of implementation. At year end 2016, 11,260 projects, with a total investment of 13.5 trillion yuan, were included on the national information platform for multiple PPP models; 1,351 of these projects, representing a total investment of 2.2 trillion yuan, have already been contracted and are in implementation.

We strengthened reform to encourage government procurement of services, and formulated guidelines on supporting the fostering and development of social organizations through government procurement of their services and on carrying out reform to introduce government procurement of services from public institutions. We worked to accelerate the operations of government-invested funds, and encouraged nongovernmental sources to invest.

高度重視和防范地方政府債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。嚴(yán)格按照預(yù)算法、擔(dān)保法等有關(guān)法律法規(guī)要求,進(jìn)一步規(guī)范地方政府債務(wù)管理。2016年末,全國(guó)地方政府債務(wù)余額15.32萬億元,控制在年度地方政府債務(wù)限額17.19萬億元以內(nèi)。完善地方政府一般債務(wù)和專項(xiàng)債務(wù)預(yù)算管理制度,首次在預(yù)算草案中全面反映地方政府債務(wù)情況,主動(dòng)接受監(jiān)督。開展地方政府債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估和預(yù)警并向有關(guān)部門和地方政府通報(bào)結(jié)果,督促高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)多渠道籌集資金化解債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。出臺(tái)地方政府性債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)急處置預(yù)案和分類處置指南,妥善做好風(fēng)險(xiǎn)事件應(yīng)急處置政策儲(chǔ)備。印發(fā)財(cái)政部駐各地專員辦實(shí)施地方政府債務(wù)監(jiān)督暫行辦法,開展常態(tài)化監(jiān)督。組織核查地方違法違規(guī)擔(dān)保融資問題,督促相關(guān)地區(qū)和金融機(jī)構(gòu)依法整改。

-- Working to prevent risks posed by local government debt

We worked in strict accordance with the Budget Law, the Guarantee Law, and other relevant laws and regulations to take further steps to ensure standards were in place for the management of local government debt. At year end 2016, total outstanding local government debt stood at 15.32 trillion yuan, which was within the limit of 17.19 trillion yuan budgeted for the year. We improved the budgetary management system for general and special local government debt, and incorporated for the first time a full review of local government debt into the draft budgets, thereby proactively subjecting it to oversight.

We carried out risk assessments and provided early warnings on local-government debt risks and reported the results to the relevant authorities and local governments, urging high-risk regions to raise funds through multiple channels so as to defuse their debt risks. We introduced emergency response contingency plans for local government debt risks and guidelines on dealing with risks by type, building up our policy reserve for responding to risks and emergencies.

We issued the Provisional Measures for the Representative Offices of Supervisors from the Ministry of Finance in Localities to Conduct Oversight on Local Government Debt to make oversight regular. We also organized an investigation into illegal local government financing, and urged the regions and financial institutions concerned to rectify this problem in accordance with the law.

嚴(yán)格按預(yù)算法要求規(guī)范預(yù)算管理。細(xì)化預(yù)算編制,進(jìn)一步壓縮代編預(yù)算規(guī)模,做實(shí)中央部門預(yù)算項(xiàng)目庫。政府性基金項(xiàng)目減少到23項(xiàng),對(duì)保留的項(xiàng)目實(shí)行目錄清單管理。進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大中央國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算實(shí)施范圍,制定中央國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算支出管理暫行辦法。開展全國(guó)行政事業(yè)單位資產(chǎn)清查。積極推進(jìn)權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制政府綜合財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告制度改革,印發(fā)固定資產(chǎn)等4項(xiàng)政府會(huì)計(jì)具體準(zhǔn)則。組織開展新能源汽車推廣應(yīng)用補(bǔ)貼、地方預(yù)決算公開情況、政府采購代理機(jī)構(gòu)執(zhí)業(yè)情況等檢查,查處曝光一批違反預(yù)算法和財(cái)經(jīng)紀(jì)律的行為,對(duì)相關(guān)責(zé)任人員嚴(yán)肅追責(zé)。

- Ensuring budgets were managed in strict accordance with the Budget Law

We made the budgets more detailed, further scaled down the amount of tentative budgets prepared by the Ministry of Finance for other government offices or projects, and worked to ensure all projects were covered by central government department budgets. We cut the number of projects financed by government-managed funds to 23, and introduced a list and catalogue system to manage these projects. We expanded the scope of the central government's state capital operations budget, and formulated the provisional measures for the management of expenditures from this budget. We conducted a nationwide review of assets owned by administrative agencies and institutions.

We moved forward with the reform to establish a system for comprehensive government financial reporting based on accrual accounting, and issued four sets of regulations concerning government accounting principles including principles on fixed assets. We organized inspections on the implementation of subsidies for the use of new-energy vehicles, the disclosure of local budgets and final accounts, and the operations of government procurement agencies. During the inspections we investigated and exposed a number of cases of violations of the Budget Law and financial and economic discipline and held those responsible to account.

2016年,財(cái)政部改進(jìn)和加強(qiáng)服務(wù)全國(guó)人大代表、政協(xié)委員工作。認(rèn)真辦理建議提案,全年承辦人大代表建議2889件、政協(xié)委員提案1323件。加大與代表委員溝通交流力度,積極聽取和吸納代表委員提出的意見建議,進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)財(cái)政工作。In 2016, the Ministry of Finance improved its services for the deputies to the NPC and members of the CPPCC National Committee. We dealt conscientiously with their suggestions and proposals, handling over the course of the year a total of 2,889 suggestions made by deputies and 1,323 proposals by members. We did more to improve communication with the deputies and members, soliciting and taking on board their opinions and suggestions in order to improve public finance work.
(二)2016年預(yù)算調(diào)整情況。2. Adjustments to the 2016 budgets
為進(jìn)一步理順全面推開營(yíng)改增試點(diǎn)后中央與地方增值稅收入劃分關(guān)系,從2016年5月1日起,與全面推開營(yíng)改增試點(diǎn)同步實(shí)施調(diào)整中央與地方增值稅收入劃分過渡方案。此次調(diào)整對(duì)2016年全國(guó)一般公共預(yù)算收支預(yù)算總量沒有影響,但中央和地方收支預(yù)算結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化。中央一般公共預(yù)算收入預(yù)算由70570億元調(diào)整為72350億元,增加的1780億元全部用于對(duì)地方稅收返還,相應(yīng)中央一般公共預(yù)算支出預(yù)算由85885億元調(diào)整為87665億元。按照預(yù)算法有關(guān)規(guī)定,中央預(yù)算調(diào)整方案已提請(qǐng)十二屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)第二十四次會(huì)議審查批準(zhǔn)。To ensure VAT revenue was better shared between the central and local governments after trials to replace business tax with VAT came into effect across all industries on May 1, 2016, we began implementing a transitional plan at the same time to adjust the sharing of VAT revenue between the central and local governments. This adjustment did not affect the total budgetary revenue and expenditures in the 2016 general public budgets nationwide, but brought changes to the structure of the central and local government budgets. The revenue in the central government's general public budget was increased to 7.235 trillion yuan from 7.057 trillion yuan, and the 178 billion yuan increase was used in full for tax rebates to local governments. Accordingly expenditures in the central government's general public budget were increased to 8.7665 trillion yuan from 8.5885 trillion yuan. In accordance with the Budget Law, the plan for revising the central budget was submitted to the 24th Session of the Standing Committee of the 12th NPC for deliberation and approval.
(三)2016年預(yù)算收支情況。3. Budgetary revenue and expenditures in 2016
1.一般公共預(yù)算。1) General public budgets
全國(guó)一般公共預(yù)算收入159552.08億元,為預(yù)算的101.5%,比2015年同口徑(考慮5項(xiàng)政府性基金轉(zhuǎn)列一般公共預(yù)算等影響)增長(zhǎng)4.5%。加上使用結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)結(jié)余及調(diào)入資金7271.08億元,收入總量為166823.16億元。全國(guó)一般公共預(yù)算支出187841.14億元,完成預(yù)算的103.9%,扣除地方使用結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)結(jié)余及調(diào)入資金后增長(zhǎng)7.4%。加上補(bǔ)充中央預(yù)算穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)基金782.02億元,支出總量為188623.16億元。收支總量相抵,赤字21800億元,與預(yù)算持平。

Revenue in China's general public budgets reached 15.955208 trillion yuan, representing 101.5 percent of the budgeted figure and an increase of 4.5 percent over 2015, after allowing for, among other things, the inclusion into general public budgets of five government-managed funds. Adding in the 727.108 billion yuan of utilized carryover and surplus funds, plus funds from other sources, this revenue totaled 16.682316 trillion yuan.

Expenditures in China's general public budgets reached 18.784114 trillion yuan, representing 103.9 percent of the budgeted figure and an increase of 7.4 percent after deducting local governments' utilized carryover and surplus funds and funds from other sources. Including the 78.202 billion yuan used to replenish the Central Budget Stabilization Fund, these expenditures totaled 18.862316 trillion yuan. Expenditures therefore exceeded revenue, leaving a deficit of 2.18 trillion yuan, which is the same as the budgeted figure.

中央一般公共預(yù)算收入72357.31億元,為調(diào)整預(yù)算的100%,比2015年同口徑增長(zhǎng)1.2%。加上從中央預(yù)算穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)基金調(diào)入1000億元,從中央政府性基金預(yù)算、中央國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算調(diào)入315.06億元,收入總量為73672.37億元。中央一般公共預(yù)算支出86890.35億元(其中,中央本級(jí)支出27404億元,中央對(duì)地方稅收返還和轉(zhuǎn)移支付59486.35億元),完成調(diào)整預(yù)算的99.1%,增長(zhǎng)4.5%。加上補(bǔ)充中央預(yù)算穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)基金782.02億元,支出總量為87672.37億元。收支總量相抵,中央財(cái)政赤字14000億元,與預(yù)算持平。2016年中央預(yù)備費(fèi)預(yù)算500億元,實(shí)際支出146.1億元,剩余353.9億元全部轉(zhuǎn)入中央預(yù)算穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)基金。2016年末,中央財(cái)政國(guó)債余額120066.75億元,控制在年度預(yù)算限額125908.35億元以內(nèi);中央預(yù)算穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)基金余額2678.06億元(含通過收回中央財(cái)政結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)資金補(bǔ)充1501.83億元)。

Revenue in the central government's general public budget reached 7.235731 trillion yuan, representing 100 percent of the adjusted budgeted figure and an increase of 1.2 percent over 2015. Adding in the 100 billion yuan contributed by the Central Budget Stabilization Fund and the 31.506 billion yuan from the budgets of central government-managed funds and central government state capital operations, this revenue totaled 7.367237 trillion yuan.

Expenditures in the central government's general public budget amounted to 8.689035 trillion yuan (this consists of 2.7404 trillion yuan in central government expenditures and 5.948635 trillion yuan in tax rebates and transfer payments from the central to local governments), representing 99.1 percent of the adjusted budgeted figure and an increase of 4.5 percent. Adding in the 78.202 billion yuan contributed to the Central Budget Stabilization Fund, these expenditures totaled 8.767237 trillion yuan. They exceeded revenue, leaving a deficit of 1.4 trillion yuan, which is the same as the budgeted figure. Central government reserve funds budgeted for 2016 were 50 billion yuan; of this, actual expenditures accounted for 14.61 billion yuan, and the remaining 35.39 billion yuan was transferred in full to the Central Budget Stabilization Fund. At year end 2016, outstanding central government debt was 12.006675 trillion yuan, well within the budgeted 12.590835 trillion yuan limit. The Central Budget Stabilization Fund had a balance of 267.806 billion yuan, including 150.183 billion yuan in recovered central government carryover funds.

2016年中央一般公共預(yù)算平衡關(guān)系 新華社發(fā)

Figure 1

Revenue and Expenditures in the 2016 Central Government General Public Budget

地方一般公共預(yù)算收入146681.12億元,其中,地方一般公共預(yù)算本級(jí)收入87194.77億元,比2015年同口徑增長(zhǎng)7.4%;中央對(duì)地方稅收返還和轉(zhuǎn)移支付收入59486.35億元。加上地方財(cái)政使用結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)結(jié)余及調(diào)入資金5956.02億元,收入總量為152637.14億元。地方一般公共預(yù)算支出160437.14億元,扣除使用結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)結(jié)余及調(diào)入資金后增長(zhǎng)7.4%。收支總量相抵,地方財(cái)政赤字7800億元,與預(yù)算持平。Revenue in local government general public budgets reached 14.668112 trillion yuan. This figure consists of 8.719477 trillion yuan in local government revenue, an increase of 7.4 percent over 2015, and 5.948635 trillion yuan in central government tax rebates and transfer payments to local governments. Adding in the additional 595.602 billion yuan of utilized carryover and surplus funds and funds from other sources, this revenue totaled 15.263714 trillion yuan. Expenditures in local government general public budgets totaled 16.043714 trillion yuan, representing an increase of 7.4 percent after deducting utilized carryover and surplus funds and funds from other sources. Total expenditures exceeded total revenue, leaving a local government deficit of 780 billion yuan, which is the same as the budgeted figure.
2.政府性基金預(yù)算。2) Budgets for government-managed funds
全國(guó)政府性基金收入46618.62億元,增長(zhǎng)11.9%。加上2015年結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)收入249.84億元和地方政府發(fā)行專項(xiàng)債券籌集收入4000億元,全國(guó)政府性基金相關(guān)收入總量為50868.46億元。全國(guó)政府性基金相關(guān)支出46851.52億元,增長(zhǎng)11.7%。In 2016, revenue into China's government-managed funds reached 4.661862 trillion yuan, up 11.9 percent. Adding in the 24.984 billion yuan carried over from 2015 and 400 billion yuan raised by local governments through the issuance of special bonds, this revenue totaled 5.086846 trillion yuan. Expenditures from these funds amounted to 4.685152 trillion yuan, an increase of 11.7 percent.
中央政府性基金收入4178.08億元,為預(yù)算的97.8%,增長(zhǎng)2.6%。加上2015年結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)收入249.84億元和地方上解收入7.59億元,中央政府性基金收入總量為4435.51億元。中央政府性基金支出3999.98億元,完成預(yù)算的88.5%,下降6.8%。其中,中央本級(jí)支出2889.86億元,對(duì)地方轉(zhuǎn)移支付1110.12億元。中央政府性基金收入大于支出435.53億元。其中,結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)下年繼續(xù)使用298.5億元;單項(xiàng)政府性基金結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)超過當(dāng)年收入30%的部分合計(jì)110.72億元,按規(guī)定補(bǔ)充預(yù)算穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)基金;擬由政府性基金預(yù)算轉(zhuǎn)列一般公共預(yù)算的3個(gè)項(xiàng)目結(jié)余26.31億元,2017年調(diào)入一般公共預(yù)算。Revenue into central government-managed funds reached 417.808 billion yuan, representing 97.8 percent of the budgeted figure and an increase of 2.6 percent. Adding in the 24.984 billion yuan carried forward from 2015 and the 759 million yuan turned over by local governments, this revenue totaled 443.551 billion yuan. Expenditures from central government-managed funds totaled 399.998 billion yuan, representing 88.5 percent of the budgeted figure and a 6.8 percent decrease. This figure breaks down as central government expenditures of 288.986 billion yuan and transfer payments to local governments totaling 111.012 billion yuan. Revenue into central government-managed funds exceeded expenditures by 43.553 billion yuan. Of this figure, 29.85 billion yuan was carried forward to 2017; 11.072 billion yuan from carryover funds of individual government-managed funds, which exceeded 30 percent of the revenue of their respective funds in 2016, was contributed to the Central Budget Stabilization Fund in accordance with regulations; and 2.631 billion yuan represented surplus funds from the three items to be transferred from government-managed fund budgets into the general public budget in 2017.
地方政府性基金本級(jí)收入42440.54億元,增長(zhǎng)12.9%,其中國(guó)有土地使用權(quán)出讓收入37456.63億元。加上中央政府性基金對(duì)地方轉(zhuǎn)移支付收入1110.12億元和地方政府發(fā)行專項(xiàng)債券籌集收入4000億元,地方政府性基金相關(guān)收入為47550.66億元。地方政府性基金相關(guān)支出43961.66億元,增長(zhǎng)13%,其中國(guó)有土地使用權(quán)出讓收入相關(guān)支出38405.84億元。Revenue into funds managed by local governments reached 4.244054 trillion yuan, an increase of 12.9 percent, of which proceeds from selling state-owned land-use rights accounted for 3.745663 trillion yuan. Adding in the 111.012 billion yuan in transfer payments from central government-managed funds and the 400 billion yuan raised by local governments through the issuance of special bonds, this revenue totaled 4.755066 trillion yuan. Expenditures through local government-managed funds totaled 4.396166 trillion yuan, up 13 percent, which includes 3.840584 trillion yuan in expenditures funded using the proceeds from selling state-owned land-use rights.
3.國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算。3) Budgets for state capital operations
全國(guó)國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算收入2601.84億元,增長(zhǎng)2%。全國(guó)國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算支出2171.46億元,增長(zhǎng)18.2%。In 2016, budgetary revenue from China's state capital operations totaled 260.184 billion yuan, up 2 percent, and budgetary expenditures through these operations totaled 217.146 billion yuan, up 18.2 percent.
中央國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算收入1430.17億元,為預(yù)算的102.2%,下降11.3%。加上2015年結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)收入394.47億元,收入總量為1824.64億元。中央國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算支出1450.61億元,完成預(yù)算的93.5%,增長(zhǎng)28.1%。其中,中央本級(jí)支出937.08億元,對(duì)地方轉(zhuǎn)移支付513.53億元。向一般公共預(yù)算調(diào)出246億元。結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)下年支出128.03億元。Budgetary revenue from central government state capital operations was 143.017 billion yuan, representing 102.2 percent of the budgeted figure and a decrease of 11.3 percent. Adding in the 39.447 billion yuan carried forward from 2015, the revenue totaled 182.464 billion yuan. Budgetary expenditures through these operations reached 145.061 billion yuan, representing 93.5 percent of the budgeted figure and an increase of 28.1 percent. These expenditures consisted of 93.708 billion yuan in central government expenditures and 51.353 billion yuan in transfer payments to local governments. A total of 24.6 billion yuan was transferred into the general public budget. A total of 12.803 billion yuan of budgetary revenue from these operations was carried over to 2017.
地方國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算本級(jí)收入1171.67億元,增長(zhǎng)24.9%。加上中央國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算對(duì)地方轉(zhuǎn)移支付收入513.53億元,收入總量為1685.2億元。地方國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算支出1234.38億元,增長(zhǎng)48.5%。向一般公共預(yù)算調(diào)出246.91億元。Budgetary revenue from the state capital operations of local governments reached 117.167 billion yuan, up 24.9 percent. Adding in the 51.353 billion yuan in transfer payments to local governments through the central government's state capital operations budget, the revenue totaled 168.52 billion yuan. Budgetary spending through local government state capital operations amounted to 123.438 billion yuan, up 48.5 percent. A total of 24.691 billion yuan was transferred into the general public budget.
4.社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)基金預(yù)算。4) Budgets for social security funds
全國(guó)社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)基金收入48272.53億元,為預(yù)算的102.4%,增長(zhǎng)4.1%。其中,保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)收入35065.86億元,財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼收入11104.34億元。全國(guó)社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)基金支出43918.94億元,完成預(yù)算的100.9%,增長(zhǎng)12.3%。當(dāng)年收支結(jié)余4353.59億元,年末滾存結(jié)余63294.67億元。In 2016, revenue into China's social security funds reached 4.827253 trillion yuan, representing 102.4 percent of the budgeted figure and an increase of 4.1 percent. This revenue includes 3.506586 trillion yuan from insurance premiums and 1.110434 trillion yuan from government subsidies. Expenditures from these funds amounted to 4.391894 trillion yuan, representing 100.9 percent of the budgeted figure and an increase of 12.3 percent. The social security fund surplus for 2016 was 435.359 billion yuan, which was rolled over to make the year-end balance 6.329467 trillion yuan.
此外,按照國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于加強(qiáng)財(cái)政資金統(tǒng)籌使用的要求,部分地方政府性基金項(xiàng)目轉(zhuǎn)列地方一般公共預(yù)算,對(duì)應(yīng)的專項(xiàng)債務(wù)余額和限額116.82億元相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)入一般債務(wù)余額和限額,不影響地方政府債務(wù)總限額。In addition, in compliance with the State Council's requirement to strengthen overall coordination in the use of government funds, a number of items were transferred from local government-managed funds into local government general public budgets and the corresponding outstanding balance of special debt totaling 11.682 billion yuan and the ceiling for this balance were transferred to general debt, leaving the ceiling for local government debt unchanged.
(四)2016年主要支出政策落實(shí)情況。4. Implementation of main policies regarding expenditures in 2016
促進(jìn)教育發(fā)展。統(tǒng)一城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育學(xué)校生均公用經(jīng)費(fèi)基準(zhǔn)定額。免除普通高中建檔立卡等家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生學(xué)雜費(fèi)。支持全面改善貧困地區(qū)8萬余所義務(wù)教育薄弱學(xué)?;巨k學(xué)條件。全面建立中職學(xué)校生均撥款制度。落實(shí)新的中央高校預(yù)算撥款制度。全年8400多萬人次享受到國(guó)家學(xué)生資助政策。

-- Education

We established a unified benchmark for public funding per student in China's compulsory education schools. Eligible students from families with financial difficulties at regular senior secondary schools were exempted from tuition and miscellaneous fees. We funded improvements to basic conditions in more than 80,000 badly built or poorly operated schools providing compulsory education in poor areas. We established a funding system for secondary vocational schools based on student enrollment. We implemented a new budgetary appropriation system for institutions of higher learning directly under the central government. State financial assistance was granted to over 84 million students over the course of last year.

支持科技創(chuàng)新。優(yōu)化科技支出結(jié)構(gòu),重點(diǎn)保障公共科技活動(dòng),進(jìn)一步加大基礎(chǔ)研究支持力度。完成中央財(cái)政科技計(jì)劃(專項(xiàng)、基金等)優(yōu)化整合工作。完善穩(wěn)定支持機(jī)制,促進(jìn)科研院所改革發(fā)展。支持系統(tǒng)推進(jìn)全面創(chuàng)新改革試驗(yàn)和國(guó)家自主創(chuàng)新示范區(qū)建設(shè)。促進(jìn)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)移轉(zhuǎn)化。

-- Scientific and technological innovation

We improved the structure of science and technology expenditures, giving high priority to funding science and technology activities for the public interest, and increasing funding for basic research. We finished improving central government plans, special programs, and funds for funding scientific and technological advancements. We improved the mechanism ensuring stable funding for the reform and development of research institutions. We funded both systematic pilot reforms focused on all-around innovation and the development of national innovation demonstration zones. We funded efforts to promote the transfer and commercialization of scientific and technological achievements.

提高社會(huì)保障水平。按6.5%左右的幅度提高了機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位和企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。推進(jìn)居家和社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)改革試點(diǎn)。繼續(xù)提高全國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)最低生活保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。進(jìn)一步建立健全特困人員救助供養(yǎng)制度。保障優(yōu)撫對(duì)象等人員各項(xiàng)撫恤待遇落實(shí)。支持做好退役士兵安置工作。在全國(guó)范圍建立困難殘疾人生活補(bǔ)貼和重度殘疾人護(hù)理補(bǔ)貼制度。通過社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)貼、職業(yè)培訓(xùn)補(bǔ)貼等方式,鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)吸納就業(yè)困難人員,提高勞動(dòng)者職業(yè)技能,增強(qiáng)就業(yè)公共服務(wù)能力。

-- Social security

Basic pension benefits for the retirees of enterprises, Party and government offices, and public institutions were increased by around 6.5 percent. We funded pilot reforms to develop at-home and community-based elderly care. Subsistence allowances for Chinese citizens were increased. We moved forward with the establishment of a sound system for providing assistance to people living in extreme poverty. We worked to ensure entitled groups received their benefits. Support was ensured for the proper settlement of demobilized military personnel. A system was put in place nationwide for granting living allowances to people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing subsidies to people with serious disabilities. We provided subsidies for social security programs and vocational training to encourage enterprises to employ those experiencing employment difficulties, to help workers improve their vocational skills, and to provide better public employment services.

深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革。城鄉(xiāng)居民基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)財(cái)政補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由每人每年380元提高到420元。城市公立醫(yī)院改革試點(diǎn)擴(kuò)大到200個(gè)城市,縣級(jí)公立醫(yī)院改革全面推開。支持19萬名住院醫(yī)師規(guī)范化培訓(xùn),啟動(dòng)首批5000名助理全科醫(yī)生培訓(xùn)?;竟残l(wèi)生服務(wù)項(xiàng)目年人均財(cái)政補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由40元提高到45元,繼續(xù)推動(dòng)實(shí)施疾病預(yù)防控制、婦幼健康等重大公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)項(xiàng)目。

-- Reform of the medical and health care system

Annual government subsidies for basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents were increased from 380 to 420 yuan per person. Pilot reforms of urban public hospitals were expanded to 200 cities and reforms were carried out in all county-level public hospitals. We funded the standardized training of 190,000 resident physicians and the first batch of 5,000 assistant general practitioners. Per capita government spending on basic public health services was raised from 40 to 45 yuan per year. We continued to fund major public health service projects to, among other things, prevent and control diseases and provide maternal and child care.

加快現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)。全面推開農(nóng)業(yè)“三項(xiàng)補(bǔ)貼”改革。支持實(shí)施500萬畝糧改豆和600萬畝糧改飼試點(diǎn),探索實(shí)行耕地輪作休耕制度試點(diǎn)。深入開展重金屬污染耕地修復(fù)及種植結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整試點(diǎn),擴(kuò)大地下水超采區(qū)綜合治理試點(diǎn)范圍。深化重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品收儲(chǔ)制度改革,將玉米臨時(shí)收儲(chǔ)政策調(diào)整為市場(chǎng)化收購加補(bǔ)貼新機(jī)制,建立玉米生產(chǎn)者補(bǔ)貼制度,采取多種方式消化政策性糧棉油庫存。支持培育新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)體系,新增高效節(jié)水灌溉面積2000萬畝以上,農(nóng)業(yè)綜合開發(fā)建設(shè)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田2800萬畝。擴(kuò)大農(nóng)村一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)融合發(fā)展試點(diǎn)范圍,啟動(dòng)扶持村級(jí)集體經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展試點(diǎn)。完成村級(jí)公益事業(yè)建設(shè)一事一議財(cái)政獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)項(xiàng)目約30萬個(gè)。

-- Modern agriculture

We provided direct subsidies to grain growers, subsidies for purchasing superior crop varieties, and general subsidies for the purchase of agricultural supplies nationwide. We subsidized trials to shift from growing grain crops to producing soybeans on 333,300 hectares of farmland and from growing grain crops to cultivating feed crops on 400,000 hectares of cultivated land. We also subsidized trials in using systems of crop rotation and fallow land. More funds were made available for trials to restore cultivated land contaminated by heavy metals and adjust the agricultural production mix, as well as trials to deal comprehensively with the over-abstraction of groundwater in more areas.

We deepened reform of the purchase and storage system for important agricultural products. The policy on the temporary purchasing and stockpiling of corn was scrapped in favor of a new mechanism for purchasing corn at market prices plus subsidies, and a system was established for subsidizing corn production. We adopted a broad range of measures to reduce excess policy-supported stockpiles of grain, cotton, and edible oil. We provided support for the initiatives to foster new agricultural operational systems. Thanks to government funding, the area of cropland covered by efficient water-saving irrigation was increased by 1.33 million hectares, and efforts toward comprehensive agricultural development saw the addition of 1.87 million hectares of high-grade cropland. We financed the extension of trials to integrate the development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries to more rural areas, and to support the development of collective village enterprises. Around 300,000 village-level public works projects launched on the basis of decision making by villagers were completed using government awards and subsidies.

支持生態(tài)環(huán)保建設(shè)。整合設(shè)立土壤污染防治專項(xiàng)資金,落實(shí)土壤污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。加強(qiáng)大氣污染防治,資金安排進(jìn)一步向燃煤污染控制、工業(yè)污染治理等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域傾斜。開展水污染防治項(xiàng)目?jī)?chǔ)備庫建設(shè),繼續(xù)安排資金支持重點(diǎn)區(qū)域、重點(diǎn)流域水污染防治。啟動(dòng)新一輪草原生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)助獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)政策,涉及草原面積38.11億畝。支持實(shí)施新一輪退耕還林還草新增任務(wù)1510萬畝。落實(shí)天然林保護(hù)全覆蓋政策。支持河北京津冀水源涵養(yǎng)區(qū)等4個(gè)山水林田湖生態(tài)保護(hù)和修復(fù)工程試點(diǎn)。推動(dòng)九洲江等4個(gè)流域建立橫向生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制。支持18個(gè)城市開展藍(lán)色海灣整治行動(dòng)。

-- Ecological conservation

Funds for the prevention and control of soil pollution were launched, and funding was made available for implementing the action plan for addressing soil pollution. We allocated more funds for addressing air pollution, with the focus on tackling key areas such as pollution from coal burning and industrial pollution. We continued to develop a reserve of projects for addressing water pollution, making additional funding available for the prevention and control of water pollution in key areas and major drainage basins. We launched a new round of policies to subsidize and reward grassland ecological conservation, covering 254.07 million hectares of grassland. We provided financial support for implementation of a new round of initiatives to turn a further 1.01 million hectares of marginal farmland into forest or grassland. We funded the implementation of the protective policies for all natural forests nationwide. We made funding available for four pilot projects for ecological conservation and restoration including the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Water Source Conservation Area in Hebei Province. Funding was also made available for the establishment of mechanisms for trans-regional and intra-watershed compensation for ecological conservation efforts in four drainage basins including the Jiuzhoujiang River, and for action in the Blue Bay environmental improvement initiative in 18 cities.

加強(qiáng)基本住房保障。支持棚戶區(qū)改造開工606萬套、農(nóng)村危房改造314萬戶,均完成年度任務(wù)。棚改貨幣化安置比例達(dá)到48.5%,比上年提高18.6個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

-- Government support for basic housing

We funded the rebuilding of 6.06 million housing units in rundown urban areas and 3.14 million dilapidated rural houses, meeting the targets for the year for both programs. The proportion of people displaced through such programs who received monetary housing compensation rather than housing reached 48.5 percent, up 18.6 percentage points over the previous year.

推動(dòng)文化改革發(fā)展。支持49871家公益性文化設(shè)施向社會(huì)免費(fèi)開放,支持1260個(gè)公共體育場(chǎng)館向社會(huì)免費(fèi)或低收費(fèi)開放,實(shí)施國(guó)家重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)項(xiàng)目1791個(gè)。鼓勵(lì)文化產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)作生產(chǎn),促進(jìn)文化對(duì)外交流與傳播。支持中央國(guó)有文化企業(yè)改革,推動(dòng)文化事業(yè)和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。

-- Reform and development in the cultural sector

We subsidized efforts to keep 49,871 public cultural facilities free to the public and make 1,260 public sports complexes free or inexpensive to public users. We also funded 1,791 programs to protect key national cultural relics. Support was given to encourage the creation and production of cultural products, facilitate cultural exchange with foreign countries, share Chinese culture globally, reform state-owned cultural enterprises directly under the central government, and promote the coordinated development of cultural programs and industries.

以上預(yù)算執(zhí)行的具體情況詳見《中華人民共和國(guó)2016年全國(guó)預(yù)算執(zhí)行情況2017年全國(guó)預(yù)算(草案)》。For a more detailed account of budget execution related to the above items, please refer to the Report on the Execution of the 2016 Budgets of the People's Republic of China and Its 2017 Draft Budgets in Chinese.
總的看,2016年財(cái)政運(yùn)行基本平穩(wěn),財(cái)政改革發(fā)展各項(xiàng)工作取得新成效,促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)平穩(wěn)健康發(fā)展。這是黨中央、國(guó)務(wù)院堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的結(jié)果,是全國(guó)人大、全國(guó)政協(xié)及代表委員們監(jiān)督指導(dǎo)的結(jié)果,是各地區(qū)、各部門以及全國(guó)各族人民共同努力的結(jié)果。Overall, our fiscal operations in 2016 remained stable and achievements were made in the reform and development of public finance, which gave impetus to steady and sound economic and social development. We owe these achievements to the leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council; to the oversight and guidance of the NPC, deputies to the NPC, the CPPCC National Committee and its members; and to the joint efforts of all regions, government departments, and the Chinese people.
同時(shí),我們清醒地認(rèn)識(shí)到,財(cái)政運(yùn)行和財(cái)政工作中還面臨一些困難和問題,主要是:在經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力較大的形勢(shì)下,財(cái)政收入增長(zhǎng)動(dòng)力不強(qiáng),地方財(cái)政收入走勢(shì)分化,一些資源型和傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)比重大的地區(qū)財(cái)政收支矛盾加劇,部分基層財(cái)政保運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和民生兜底出現(xiàn)困難。財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)不盡合理,部分支出項(xiàng)目形成只增不減的固化格局。有的改革舉措沒有真正落地,有的改革措施進(jìn)度偏慢。轉(zhuǎn)移支付管理亟待規(guī)范,專項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付清理整合沒有完全到位,省以下轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度改革進(jìn)展不平衡。有的地方預(yù)決算不透明,財(cái)政資金使用不規(guī)范、效率不高,資金沉淀多。一些地方落實(shí)政府債務(wù)管理制度不力,存在違規(guī)擔(dān)?;蜃兿嗯e債問題,地方政府隱性債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增大。我們高度重視這些問題,將采取有力措施加以解決。

On the other hand, we are soberly aware of the following main difficulties and problems in our fiscal operations and finance work.

-- Within the context of considerable downward pressure on China's economy, there is a lack of impetus for government revenue growth and the growth prospects of local government revenue are mixed; imbalances in government revenue and expenditures are becoming more pronounced in some regions that are resource-dependent or whose traditional industries have a large share in their respective economies; and some township-level governments are having financial difficulty in keeping themselves operating and meeting people's basic needs.

-- The structure of budgetary spending is not balanced, with spending on some items constantly increasing.

-- Some reform measures have not truly been implemented as they should while for others progress has been slow.

-- The management of transfer payments is in urgent need of standardization as special transfer payments have yet to be overhauled to full effect, and progress in the reform of the transfer payment systems at and below the provincial level has been patchy.

-- In some localities, budgets and final accounts lack transparency, the use of government funds is not in line with standards and ineffective, and more funds are becoming idle.

-- Some localities are weak on government debt management and are guarantying debt or making borrowings in breach of regulations, thus increasing the hidden debt-related risks of local governments.

We view these problems as extremely important and will take measures to effectively resolve them.

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