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剖析翻譯中的“望文生義”

二、詞義理解不當(dāng)

英語詞匯中一詞多義的情況是相當(dāng)多的,如只知其一,不知其二,就會(huì)造成錯(cuò)誤理解。勤查和細(xì)查詞典(包括用英語解釋英語的英英詞典)才能避免;所謂勤查是多查幾本詞典,所謂細(xì)查是從頭到尾地查閱,不厭其煩,才能擴(kuò)大視野,并找到合適的詞義。

1. For the balance of the section, let's speak in straightforward and elementary terms to describe the function and form of the electronic computer.

[誤譯] 為使這一節(jié)平衡起見,我們將用簡單明了的術(shù)語來描述這種電子計(jì)算機(jī)的功能和形式。

[分析] 在《朗文當(dāng)代英語詞典》balance詞條下可查到money or something else which remains or is left over,又見例句:May I take the balance of my holidays before the end of September?

[正譯] 在本節(jié)的其余部分,我們將用簡單明了的術(shù)語來描述這種電子計(jì)算機(jī)的功能和形式。

2. We have a sales force at present of twenty-four salesmen on the road, each with his own territory.

[誤譯] 目前我們有一支由24名外勤推銷員組成的推銷隊(duì)正在途中,每人都有他們自己的推銷領(lǐng)域。

[分析] 在商業(yè)英語中,on the road = away from home, in regular travel on business esp. as a traveling salesman (Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language),故salesmen on the road 作“外勤推銷員”解。

[正譯] 目前我們有一支由24名外勤推銷員組成的推銷隊(duì)伍,每人有自己的推銷地盤。

3. Sleeping late on weekends can also disrupt your circadian rhythm.

[誤譯] 周末遲睡也會(huì)打亂人體的日夜周期。

[分析] 此句sleeping late誤譯為“遲睡”即“睡得晚”、“晚睡,實(shí)際上它表示“起得晚”或“睡懶覺”。《從中式英語到英語》的作者Janet Adams 寫道:“Remember that sleep late means to get up late and not go to bed late.

[正譯] 周末睡懶覺也會(huì)打亂人體的日夜周期。

三、缺乏專業(yè)知識(shí)

科技翻譯往往涉及眾多領(lǐng)域,各種專業(yè),為了提高翻譯質(zhì)量,譯者不僅要熟練掌握英漢兩門語言,而且也應(yīng)具有一定的專業(yè)知識(shí)的素養(yǎng)。隔行如隔山,每個(gè)專業(yè)都有各自一套術(shù)語。

1. By the age of 19 Gauss had discovered for himself and proved a remarkable theorem in number theory known as the law of quadratic reciprocity.

[誤譯] 高斯十九歲已經(jīng)獨(dú)立地發(fā)現(xiàn)并證明了數(shù)理定理——二次互反律。

[分析] number theory 誤為“數(shù)理”,系不了解專業(yè)所致,其實(shí)它在數(shù)學(xué)上是指“數(shù)論”,與“數(shù)理”是兩個(gè)不同的概念。

[正譯] ……并證明了數(shù)論中的一個(gè)卓越定理,名謂二次互反律。

2. Designed to predict the motions of heavenly bodies, it does its job with unbelievable accuracy -- better than one in a hundred million for the motion of the earth around the sun -- and it remains in daily use to predict the orbits of moons and planets, comets and spacecraft.

[誤譯] 這個(gè)旨在預(yù)測天體運(yùn)行的理論,其準(zhǔn)確性令人難以置信——以地球繞太陽運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)為例,其誤差僅略大于一億分之一,并且時(shí)至今日仍然每日要用它來預(yù)測衛(wèi)星和行星、慧星和航天器的運(yùn)行軌道。

[分析] 原文并無“僅略”的含義,應(yīng)刪去。Better than 修飾accuracy,意為“準(zhǔn)確度勝于”或“比……更為準(zhǔn)確”,即“誤差小于”。

[正譯] ……,其誤差小于一億分之一,……。

3. When allowance is made for the separate auxiliary load the consumption can rise to nearly 1 Ib/SHP hour and this is generally about 20% better than the overall fuel consumption of a steam plant at cruising speed.

[誤譯] 當(dāng)考慮分開的輔機(jī)負(fù)荷時(shí),其耗油率幾乎能增加到1/軸馬力小時(shí),一般來說比蒸汽裝置的巡航總油耗大約多20%。

[分析] 此處better than 用來修飾“油耗”時(shí)必然指油耗低,而不是指油耗高。

[正譯] ……,一般來說,這是比蒸汽裝置在巡航速度時(shí)的總油耗約低20%

(來源:catti.net.cn

 

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