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2002年，中央編譯局翻譯出版了《公民道德建設(shè)實(shí)施綱要》的英譯本，題目是《Program for Improving Civic Morality》。這是一個(gè)很好的譯本。把原文和譯文對(duì)照學(xué)習(xí)，一方面可以更好地領(lǐng)會(huì)文件的精神，一方面也可借以提高翻譯能力，真是一舉兩得。
全文共40條。下面我只就第1條中的前兩點(diǎn)以注釋的形式談?wù)勎业膶W(xué)習(xí)體會(huì)。
例1：
社會(huì)主義道德建設(shè)是發(fā)展先進(jìn)文化的重要內(nèi)容。在新世紀(jì)全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)，加快改革開(kāi)放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)步伐，順利實(shí)現(xiàn)第三步戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)，必須在加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義法制建設(shè)、依法治國(guó)的同時(shí)，切實(shí)加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義道德建設(shè)、以德治國(guó)，把法制建設(shè)與道德建設(shè)、依法治國(guó)與以德治國(guó)緊密結(jié)合起來(lái)，通過(guò)公民道德建設(shè)的不斷深化和拓展，逐步形成與發(fā)展社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)相適應(yīng)的社會(huì)主義道德體系。這是提高全民族素質(zhì)的一項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)性工程，對(duì)弘揚(yáng)民族精神和時(shí)代精神，形成良好的社會(huì)道德風(fēng)尚，促進(jìn)物質(zhì)文明與精神文明協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，全面推進(jìn)建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大事業(yè)，具有十分重要的意義。
Improving (1) socialist morality is an important aspect (2) of developing an advanced culture. In the new century, we are building a society in which people lead a fairly comfortable life, quickening the pace of reform, opening up and modernization, and attaining the strategic goals for the third stage. While we are strengthening the socialist legal system and the rule of the country by law, we must earnestly improve socialist morality, rule the country by virtue, and closely integrate the improvement of the legal system with the improvement of morality and the rule of the country by law with the rule of the country by virtue. Through a continuous process of deepening and broadening the improvement of civic morality, a socialist moral system suitable for our socialist market economy will gradually take shape and develop. (3) This is a basic program for improving the quality of the whole Chinese nation. It has great significance for enhancing national spirit and a spirit of the times, cultivating good moral habits, coordinating material civilization with spiritual civilization, and advancing the great cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. (4)
注1. “建設(shè)”一詞在這里譯作improve是很恰當(dāng)?shù)?，improving socialist morality是一個(gè)很好的搭配。我們一看見(jiàn)“建設(shè)”，往往首先想到construction，其實(shí)在很多情況下是不用這個(gè)詞的?！敖ㄔO(shè)”一詞在這一段里多次出現(xiàn)?！敖ㄔO(shè)小康社會(huì)”譯作building a society in which people lead a fairly comfortable life，“現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)”譯作modernization，“加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義法制建設(shè)”譯作strengthening the socialist legal system，有時(shí)也譯作improvement of the legal system。究竟怎樣譯，全看具體情況而定。
注2. “內(nèi)容”一詞在這里譯作aspect，也是一個(gè)很好的選詞。我們一看見(jiàn)“內(nèi)容”二字，往往首先想到content，有時(shí)可以用，有時(shí)則不行，此處就不能用。翻譯不能追求表面上詞語(yǔ)的對(duì)應(yīng)。
注3. 原文第2句很長(zhǎng)，有140字，以極其精煉的語(yǔ)言對(duì)公民道德建設(shè)的重要性作了高度的概括。句中包含的政治概念和術(shù)語(yǔ)很多，譯文若也用一句話來(lái)表述，句子可能會(huì)很臃腫，外國(guó)讀者也難以領(lǐng)會(huì)。仔細(xì)分析一下，這句話包含三部分。“必須”之前是第一部分，說(shuō)的是我們正在做的事，也就是提出這一文件的背景?！氨仨殹币龅氖堑诙糠?，說(shuō)的是我們要做的事?！巴ㄟ^(guò)”引出的是第三部分，說(shuō)的是所要達(dá)到的目的。因此，譯者就把這一句譯成了三句。第一句和第二句都加we作主語(yǔ)，第三句以a socialist moral system...為主語(yǔ)，和謂語(yǔ)will gradually take shape and develop搭配。
注4. 原文第3句也較長(zhǎng)，先說(shuō)這是一項(xiàng)什么工程，又說(shuō)它在四個(gè)方面的重要意義。譯文分成了兩句。第2句根據(jù)英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，評(píng)價(jià)性的話要先說(shuō)，然后再說(shuō)各項(xiàng)細(xì)節(jié)，因此譯文以It has great significance開(kāi)始。此外，“時(shí)代精神”譯作spirit of the times，這是最常見(jiàn)的一種譯法。
例2：
黨的十一屆三中全會(huì)特別是十四大以來(lái)，隨著改革開(kāi)放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)事業(yè)的深入發(fā)展，社會(huì)主義精神文明建設(shè)呈現(xiàn)出積極健康向上的良好態(tài)勢(shì)，公民道德建設(shè)邁出了新的步伐。愛(ài)國(guó)主義、集體主義、社會(huì)主義思想日益深入人心，為人民服務(wù)精神不斷發(fā)揚(yáng)光大，崇尚先進(jìn)、學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)蔚然成風(fēng)，追求科學(xué)、文明、健康生活方式已成為人民群眾的自覺(jué)行動(dòng)，社會(huì)道德風(fēng)尚發(fā)生了可喜變化，中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德與體現(xiàn)時(shí)代要求的新的道德觀念相融合，成為我國(guó)公民道德建設(shè)發(fā)展的主流。
Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, and especially since the Fourteenth National Congress of the CPC, along with the deepening of the reform and opening up and the modernization drive, positive, healthy improvements have occurred in the development of socialist spiritual civilization, and significant progress has been made in the improvement of civic morality. (5) Patriotism, collectivism and socialist ideology increasingly fill people's hearts. The spirit of serving the people is growing. Admiration and emulation of models have become commonplace. (6) The people have begun pursuing scientific, culturally advanced and healthy lifestyles on their own initiative. (7) Gratifying changes are occurring in the prevailing customs of social morality. (8) The traditional morality of the Chinese people and new moral viewpoints that embody the needs of the times are merging. This becomes the main trend in the improvement of civic morality. (9)
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