?????? 09年初的河北三鹿奶粉陰云還未散盡，甘肅、青海、吉林等省又再現(xiàn)超標(biāo)三聚氰胺（melamine）奶粉，其中有一家乳制品廠，更是從乳品原料中檢測出三聚氰胺超標(biāo)500余倍；上周，美國傳來的消息，稱快餐業(yè)巨頭麥當(dāng)勞出售的麥樂雞含有玩具泥膠的化學(xué)成分，具有一定的毒性，長期使用將危及健康。都說“民以食為天，食以安為先”，可是這接二連三的新聞事件再次將食品安全問題推向了風(fēng)頭浪尖。

?????? 請(qǐng)看新華社的報(bào)道：

Chinese police have arrested four suspects who allegedly added melamine, a toxic chemical, to milk formula and seized 76 tons of tainted raw powder and finished dairy products in the country's latest crackdown on food safety crimes.

The latest melamine-tainted milk powder was first discovered in northwest China's Gansu Province, but police traced the source to Dongyuan Dairy Factory in Minhe County of neighboring Qinghai Province, a spokesman with the National Food Safety Regulating Work Office said Friday.

…

In the Sanlu scandal, unscrupulous Chinese milk producers were found to have been mixing melamine to dairy products in a bid to falsify protein content tests. The practice, said to have been existing for quite a time, caused the deaths of at least six Chinese babies and left another 300,000 infants ill, sending chills to consumers at home and abroad.

——Excerpt from 4 arrested for milk powder contamination

Health authorities must step up efforts to trace hidden melamine-tainted milk products that should have been destroyed, in the wake of large batches of contaminated products turning up this month in two provinces, a Health Ministry official said Tuesday.

"From the problematic milk powder found in Qinghai, we can see that we need to do more in this work," Chen Rui, a vice director with the Ministry of Health's food safety department, told a press conference.

Food safety incidents must be thoroughly investigated and the perpetrators must be severely punished, he said.

——Excerpt from Official pledges stricter actions against melamine-tainted milk products

?????? 這里的food safety就是我們說的“食品安全”。我們經(jīng)常聽到的還有一個(gè)詞food security，有時(shí)候也會(huì)翻譯成“食品安全”或“糧食安全/糧食保障”，但需要注意的是，二者的概念和性質(zhì)完全不同。

?????? 食品安全（food safety）指食品無毒、無害，符合應(yīng)當(dāng)有的營養(yǎng)要求，對(duì)人體健康不造成任何急性、亞急性或者慢性危害。根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的定義，食品安全是“食物中有毒、有害物質(zhì)對(duì)人體健康影響的公共衛(wèi)生問題”。

?????? 糧食安全/糧食保障（food security）指數(shù)量上的食品保障，即每個(gè)人必須在食物的數(shù)量上得到基本滿足，以防饑餓與營養(yǎng)不良。國際上每年向食物短缺的國家提供食品援助就屬于食品保障的范疇。

?????? 請(qǐng)看這兩個(gè)概念的的英文解釋：

[Definition]

Food safety is a scientific discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness. This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards.

Food security refers to the availability of food and one's access to it. A household is considered food-secure when its occupants do not live in hunger or fear of starvation.

[Difference]

Food security: This term refers to the availability of food - in other words whether it is physically available and if so at what price. The term is sometimes confused with that of food safety which refers to the extent to which food is safe to eat.

?????? （來源：中國網(wǎng)學(xué)英語頻道）