中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定（全文）
Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform
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調(diào)整字號大小: 
| 九、推進(jìn)法治中國建設(shè) | IX. Promoting the Rule of Law |
| 建設(shè)法治中國，必須堅(jiān)持依法治國、依法執(zhí)政、依法行政共同推進(jìn)，堅(jiān)持法治國家、法治政府、法治社會一體建設(shè)。深化司法體制改革，加快建設(shè)公正高效權(quán)威的社會主義司法制度，維護(hù)人民權(quán)益，讓人民群眾在每一個(gè)司法案件中都感受到公平正義。 | To build a China under the rule of law, we must uphold the unity of the rule of law, law-based government and law-based administration, and the integral development of a law-based country, government and society as a whole. We will deepen reform of the judicial system, accelerate the building of a just, efficient and authoritative socialist judicial system to safeguard the people's rights and interests, and ensure that the people are satisfied with the equality and justice in every court verdict. |
| （30）維護(hù)憲法法律權(quán)威。憲法是保證黨和國家興旺發(fā)達(dá)、長治久安的根本法，具有最高權(quán)威。要進(jìn)一步健全憲法實(shí)施監(jiān)督機(jī)制和程序，把全面貫徹實(shí)施憲法提高到一個(gè)新水平。建立健全全社會忠于、遵守、維護(hù)、運(yùn)用憲法法律的制度。堅(jiān)持法律面前人人平等，任何組織或者個(gè)人都不得有超越憲法法律的特權(quán)，一切違反憲法法律的行為都必須予以追究。 | 30. Protecting the authority of the Constitution and laws. The Constitution is the fundamental law guaranteeing the flourishing of the Party and long-term peace and stability of the country, and it has the supreme authority. We will further improve the supervision mechanism and procedure for the implementation of the Constitution and raise to a new level the comprehensive implementation of the Constitution. We will establish and improve the system within which the whole society is loyal to, abides by, upholds and applies the Constitution and laws. We will uphold the principle that everyone is equal before the law, and no organization or individual has the privilege of overstepping the Constitution and laws; all acts in violation of the Constitution and laws must be investigated. |
| 普遍建立法律顧問制度。完善規(guī)范性文件、重大決策合法性審查機(jī)制。建立科學(xué)的法治建設(shè)指標(biāo)體系和考核標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。健全法規(guī)、規(guī)章、規(guī)范性文件備案審查制度。健全社會普法教育機(jī)制，增強(qiáng)全民法治觀念。逐步增加有地方立法權(quán)的較大的市數(shù)量。 | We will establish a system of legal counsel universally, improve the review mechanisms concerning normative documents and major decisions, set up a scientific indicator system and assessment standard for legal system building, and improve review mechanisms concerning laws, regulations and normative documents. We will improve the law education mechanism and raise the public's awareness of the rule of law. We will gradually increase the number of major cities which have the right to make regulations. |
| （31）深化行政執(zhí)法體制改革。整合執(zhí)法主體，相對集中執(zhí)法權(quán)，推進(jìn)綜合執(zhí)法，著力解決權(quán)責(zé)交叉、多頭執(zhí)法問題，建立權(quán)責(zé)統(tǒng)一、權(quán)威高效的行政執(zhí)法體制。減少行政執(zhí)法層級，加強(qiáng)食品藥品、安全生產(chǎn)、環(huán)境保護(hù)、勞動保障、海域海島等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域基層執(zhí)法力量。理順城管執(zhí)法體制，提高執(zhí)法和服務(wù)水平。 | 31. Deepening reform of the administrative law-enforcement system. We will integrate major law-enforcement bodies, relatively centralize the law-enforcement power, press ahead with comprehensive law enforcement, and do our best to resolve problems such as overlapping functions and duplicate law enforcement to establish an authoritative and efficient administrative law-enforcement system with the integration of power and responsibility. We will reduce the hierarchy of administrative law enforcement, and allocate more law-enforcement resources to the primary level in such key areas as foodstuffs and medicines, production safety, environmental protection, labor security, and coastal areas and islands. We will straighten out the urban management law enforcement system, and improve the level of law-enforcement and service quality. |
| 完善行政執(zhí)法程序，規(guī)范執(zhí)法自由裁量權(quán)，加強(qiáng)對行政執(zhí)法的監(jiān)督，全面落實(shí)行政執(zhí)法責(zé)任制和執(zhí)法經(jīng)費(fèi)由財(cái)政保障制度，做到嚴(yán)格規(guī)范公正文明執(zhí)法。完善行政執(zhí)法與刑事司法銜接機(jī)制。 | We will improve the procedure of administrative law enforcement, specify areas of discretion, strengthen supervision over administrative law enforcement, and comprehensively implement the responsibility system as well as government funding for administrative law enforcement, in order to promote strict, standardized, fair and civilized law enforcement. We will improve the mechanism that dovetails administrative law enforcement and criminal justice. |
| （32）確保依法獨(dú)立公正行使審判權(quán)檢察權(quán)。改革司法管理體制，推動省以下地方法院、檢察院人財(cái)物統(tǒng)一管理，探索建立與行政區(qū)劃適當(dāng)分離的司法管轄制度，保證國家法律統(tǒng)一正確實(shí)施。 | 32. Ensuring the independent exercise of the judicial and procuratorial power in accordance with the law. We will reform the judicial administration system, unify the management of staffs, funds and properties of courts and procuratorates below the provincial level and explore ways to establish a judicial jurisdiction system that is appropriately separated from the administrative divisions to ensure that the state laws are enforced properly and uniformly. |
| 建立符合職業(yè)特點(diǎn)的司法人員管理制度，健全法官、檢察官、人民警察統(tǒng)一招錄、有序交流、逐級遴選機(jī)制，完善司法人員分類管理制度，健全法官、檢察官、人民警察職業(yè)保障制度。 | We will establish a judicial personnel management system fitting their professional characteristics, improve the system for unified recruitment, orderly exchange and level-by-level promotion of judges, procurators and the police, improve the classified management system of legal personnel, and guarantee the job security of judges, procurators and the police. |
| （33）健全司法權(quán)力運(yùn)行機(jī)制。優(yōu)化司法職權(quán)配置，健全司法權(quán)力分工負(fù)責(zé)、互相配合、互相制約機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范對司法活動的法律監(jiān)督和社會監(jiān)督。 | 33. Improving the mechanism for the use of judicial power. We will optimize the distribution of judicial functions and powers, improve the system of judicial power division, coordination, checks and balances, and strengthen and standardize the legal and social supervision over judicial activities. |
| 改革審判委員會制度，完善主審法官、合議庭辦案責(zé)任制，讓審理者裁判、由裁判者負(fù)責(zé)。明確各級法院職能定位，規(guī)范上下級法院審級監(jiān)督關(guān)系。 | We will reform the judicial committee system, improve the responsibility system of handling cases by the presiding judge and the collegiate bench, by which the judges hand down verdicts and the collegiate bench is responsible for carrying them out. We will clarify the functions of the courts at all levels, and standardize their supervision through the judicial hierarchy. |
| 推進(jìn)審判公開、檢務(wù)公開，錄制并保留全程庭審資料。增強(qiáng)法律文書說理性，推動公開法院生效裁判文書。嚴(yán)格規(guī)范減刑、假釋、保外就醫(yī)程序，強(qiáng)化監(jiān)督制度。廣泛實(shí)行人民陪審員、人民監(jiān)督員制度，拓寬人民群眾有序參與司法渠道。 | We will have more open trials, make the procuratorial work more transparent, and record and keep all court files. We will increase the persuasiveness of legal instruments and press ahead with publicizing court ruling documents that have come into effect. We must strictly regulate the procedures of sentence commuting, release on parole and medical parole, thereby enhancing the supervision system. We will extensively implement the people's assessor system and people's supervisor system to expand channels for the people to participate in legal affairs. |
| （34）完善人權(quán)司法保障制度。國家尊重和保障人權(quán)。進(jìn)一步規(guī)范查封、扣押、凍結(jié)、處理涉案財(cái)物的司法程序。健全錯(cuò)案防止、糾正、責(zé)任追究機(jī)制，嚴(yán)禁刑訊逼供、體罰虐待，嚴(yán)格實(shí)行非法證據(jù)排除規(guī)則。逐步減少適用死刑罪名。 | 34. Improving the judicial system to protect human rights. The state respects and protects human rights. We will further standardize the legal procedures for sealing, sequestering, freezing and confiscating properties involved in a legal case. We will improve the mechanism for preventing and correcting wrong cases and the accountability system, prohibit extorting confession by torture, corporal punishment and maltreatment, and strictly implement rules that illegal evidences are not adopted. We will gradually reduce the number of charges that could lead to the death penalty. |
| 廢止勞動教養(yǎng)制度，完善對違法犯罪行為的懲治和矯正法律，健全社區(qū)矯正制度。 | We will abolish Laojiao, or re-education through labor, improve laws for the punishment and correction of unlawful and criminal acts, and perfect the community correction system. |
| 健全國家司法救助制度，完善法律援助制度。完善律師執(zhí)業(yè)權(quán)利保障機(jī)制和違法違規(guī)執(zhí)業(yè)懲戒制度，加強(qiáng)職業(yè)道德建設(shè)，發(fā)揮律師在依法維護(hù)公民和法人合法權(quán)益方面的重要作用。 | We will improve the national judicial relief and legal aid system. We will improve the mechanism for protecting lawyers' rights to practice while punishing illegal practice, strengthen professional ethics and give full play to the important role of lawyers in safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of citizens and legal persons in accordance with the law. |
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