2014年中央和地方預算報告（全文）
Full text: Report on China's central, local budgets (2014)
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關于2013年中央和地方預算執(zhí)行情況與2014年中央和地方預算草案的報告 |
REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CENTRAL AND LOCAL BUDGETS IN 2013 AND ON THE DRAFT CENTRAL AND LOCAL BUDGETS FOR 2014 |
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——2014年3月5日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議上 |
Second Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress |
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財政部 |
Ministry of Finance |
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目 錄 |
Contents |
| 一、2013年中央和地方預算執(zhí)行情況 | I. Implementation of the Central and Local Budgets in 2013 |
| 二、2014年中央和地方預算草案 | II. Draft Central and Local Budgets for 2014 |
| 三、認真抓好2014年預算執(zhí)行 | III. Successfully Implementing the 2014 Budgets |
| 各位代表： | Fellow Deputies, |
| 受國務院委托，現(xiàn)將2013年中央和地方預算執(zhí)行情況與2014年中央和地方預算草案提請十二屆全國人大二次會議審議，并請全國政協(xié)各位委員提出意見。 | The Ministry of Finance has been entrusted by the State Council to submit this report on the implementation of the central and local budgets in 2013 and on the draft central and local budgets for 2014 to the Second Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress (NPC) for your deliberation and for comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). |
| 一、2013年中央和地方預算執(zhí)行情況 | I. Implementation of the Central and Local Budgets in 2013 |
| 2013年，面對極為錯綜復雜的國內外形勢，各地區(qū)、各部門在黨中央、國務院的堅強領導下，團結一心、奮力拼搏，經濟社會發(fā)展穩(wěn)中有進、穩(wěn)中向好。在此基礎上，財政工作與財政改革發(fā)展有序推進，預算執(zhí)行總體良好。 | In 2013, all regions and government departments united as one, worked hard, and made progress in economic and social development while maintaining stability under the firm leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council in spite of the extremely complicated situations in China and abroad. On this basis, fiscal work, reforms and development proceeded in good order and government budgets were satisfactorily implemented on the whole. |
| （一）加強和改善財政宏觀調控情況。 | 1. Strengthening and improving macro-control through fiscal policy |
| 為保持經濟的平穩(wěn)運行，國務院明確了經濟運行合理區(qū)間，強調只要增速不滑出底線、就業(yè)保持基本穩(wěn)定，就不采取短期刺激政策對經濟運行進行強力干預，而是穩(wěn)定市場預期，適度預調微調，同時簡政放權，推進改革，激發(fā)市場活力，釋放改革紅利。一是堅持不擴大財政赤字，把赤字占GDP的比重控制在2.1%。二是實施促進企業(yè)發(fā)展的財稅優(yōu)惠政策。暫免征收部分小微企業(yè)增值稅和營業(yè)稅，為超過600萬戶小微企業(yè)帶來實惠。取消或免征了34項中央級行政事業(yè)性收費和314項地方行政事業(yè)性收費。擴大了企業(yè)研發(fā)費用稅前加計扣除范圍，新增研發(fā)人員“五險一金”等扣除項目。三是清理財政存量資金。開展了財政存量資金的摸底和分析工作。在全國范圍內開展了地方財政對外借款和財政專戶檢查。規(guī)定了財政結轉結余、暫存款、暫付款清理壓縮目標，制定了結轉結余資金統(tǒng)籌使用的管理辦法，將閑置沉淀的資金清理出來用于亟需支持的項目。四是促進優(yōu)化投資結構。中央基建投資從競爭性領域開始逐步退出，并調整了投資方向和結構，加大對跨省（區(qū)、市）重大基礎設施建設投入力度，推進城市基礎設施建設市場化投融資改革。五是抓好各項政策措施的檢查落實。積極開展重大財稅政策實施情況檢查和跟蹤調查，強化對民生政策和資金落實情況的監(jiān)督，推動黨中央、國務院重大決策有效落實。 |
To keep the economy running steadily, the State Council defined a clear range for its functioning, stressing that as long as the rate of growth did not fall below the baseline and employment remained stable, no short-term stimulus policies would be used to intervene in the working of the economy, and efforts would be made instead to keep market expectations stable, carry out appropriate anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning while at the same time streamlining administration, delegating more power to lower-level governments, promoting reforms, stimulating the market's vitality, and reaping the benefits of reform. First, we did not increase the deficit, keeping it at 2.1% of GDP. Second, we implemented preferential fiscal and tax policies to promote the development of businesses. We suspended value-added tax (VAT) and business tax on some small and micro businesses, benefiting more than six million businesses. We abolished or exempted 34 central government administrative fees and 314 local government administrative fees. We widened the scope of tax deductions for businesses' R&D expenses, such as the funds for buying old-age insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, and maternity insurance and contributing to the housing provident fund for their R&D personnel. Third, we reviewed the government's financial resources. We obtained a clear picture of the funds the government had in hand. We carried out a nationwide inspection of the loans granted by local governments and their special accounts. We set the targets for reviewing and cutting carryover and surplus funds, temporary deposits, and temporary payments of the government. We formulated measures for coordinating the use of carryover and surplus funds and uncovered idle funds so that they can be used where they are urgently needed. Fourth, we promoted the optimization of the investment structure. We began to phase out central government investment in capital construction in competitive areas, and then redirected it to other areas and adjusted its structure. We increased investment in major infrastructure projects that extend beyond the borders of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. We carried out reform to make investment in and financing for the development of urban infrastructure more market-orientated. Fifth, we inspected the implementation of policies and measures. We actively carried out inspections and follow-up investigations of the implementation of major fiscal and tax policies, strengthened oversight of the implementation of policies for improving the people's wellbeing and the allocation of funds for this purpose, and promoted the effective execution of the important policy decisions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. |
| （二）落實全國人大預算決議情況。 | 2. Implementation of the NPC's budget resolution |
| 按照十二屆全國人大一次會議有關決議，以及全國人大財政經濟委員會的審查意見，研究完善體制機制，努力做好財政工作。 | In accordance with the relevant resolutions of the First Session of the Twelfth NPC as well as the comments from the NPC's Financial and Economic Affairs Commission on the report on the implementation of the central and local budgets in 2012 and on the draft central and local budgets for 2013, we searched for ways to improve systems and mechanisms and strived to do public finance work well. |
| 1. 完善有利于轉方式、調結構的財稅政策。把短期調控與長期發(fā)展政策有機結合起來，加快推動經濟轉型升級。一是大力支持科技創(chuàng)新。開展中央財政科技專項優(yōu)化整合工作，建立“先實施、后撥款”的科技計劃和科技重大專項后補助機制。完善國家自主創(chuàng)新示范區(qū)試點政策，擴大中央級事業(yè)單位科技成果處置權和收益權管理改革試點范圍，延長試點期限。二是推進產業(yè)結構調整。支持實施“寬帶中國”戰(zhàn)略和“信息惠民”工程。促進新材料、高端裝備、生物醫(yī)藥、現(xiàn)代種業(yè)等領域關鍵技術突破和產業(yè)鏈協(xié)同創(chuàng)新。推進新能源財稅政策轉型。堅持發(fā)揮市場機制作用，通過市場競爭實現(xiàn)優(yōu)勝劣汰，化解過剩產能。三是加強節(jié)能減排。中央財政安排專項資金支持開展大氣污染防治。積極促進工業(yè)、農業(yè)領域清潔生產技術示范和推廣。鼓勵使用節(jié)能產品，推動節(jié)能環(huán)保產業(yè)加快發(fā)展。整合專項資金，支持“三河三湖”及松花江流域水污染防治和湖泊生態(tài)環(huán)境保護。支持492個縣開展重點生態(tài)功能區(qū)建設。四是支持外貿轉型升級。完善進出口稅收政策，降低先進技術設備、關鍵零部件、能源原材料等780多種商品的進口關稅；對煤炭等300多種高耗能、高污染和資源性產品征收出口關稅。增加進口貼息資金規(guī)模，積極擴大有關商品進口。 |
(1) Fiscal and tax policies were improved to facilitate changes in the growth model and structural adjustments. We brought short-term regulatory policies in line with long-term development policies and accelerated economic transformation and upgrading. First, we fully supported scientific and technological innovations. We optimized and integrated science and technology programs financed by the central government, and established a mechanism which gives state science and technology programs and major science and technology projects the go-ahead before funding is made available. We improved the policy on the trial establishment of national innovation demonstration zones, and extended the pilot reform to more selected institutions affiliated to the central government to allow them to transfer and profit from their scientific and technological advances for a longer period of time. Second, we advanced industrial restructuring. We supported implementation of China's broadband strategy and IT projects that benefit the people. We encouraged new materials, high-end equipment, biomedicines, the modern seed industry and other areas to make breakthroughs in key technologies and collaborative innovations in industrial chains. We overhauled the fiscal and tax policies on new energy. We have allowed market forces to determine which enterprises will prosper and which will fall by the wayside so as to address overcapacity. Third, we strengthened energy conservation and emissions reduction. The central government allocated funds for the prevention and control of air pollution. We promoted the demonstration and spread of cleaner production technology in industry and agriculture. We encouraged the use of energy-efficient products and accelerated the development of energy conservation and environmental protection industries. We reorganized special funds for the prevention and control of water pollution in the three rivers of Huai, Hai, and Liao and the three lakes of Tai, Chao, and Dianchi as well as the Songhua River; and for the protection of the ecosystems of lakes. We supported 492 counties in developing key eco-friendly functional zones. Fourth, we supported foreign trade transformation and upgrading. We improved import and export tax policies: cutting the import tariffs on more than 780 types of goods, including advanced technology and equipment, key spare parts and components, and energy and raw materials; and introducing tariffs on the export of coal and other 300-plus types of resource products and products of which production is energy intensive or highly polluting. More funds were made available to offset interest paid on imports, and great efforts were put into expanding the import of certain goods. |
| 2. 注重民生投入的使用績效。按照守住底線、突出重點、完善制度、引導輿論的思路，在確保財政可持續(xù)的基礎上，落實好各項民生政策，開展重點民生支出評估，著力建立政府、企業(yè)、個人、社會協(xié)調配合的機制，樹立起個人努力、各方面合理承擔責任、勤勞致富的民生理念。合理區(qū)分公共性的層次，穩(wěn)步推進民生相關領域的制度建設，鼓勵社會資本參與民生事業(yè)建設。選擇就業(yè)補助、農村危房改造等專項轉移支付資金開展績效考核，建立完善重點民生支出績效評價機制。 |
(2) Attention was paid to the efficient use of investment in the people's livelihood. We effectively implemented policies on improving the people's livelihood whilst ensuring sustainable public finance: we kept to the bottom line, set priorities, improved systems, and guided public opinion. We evaluated key expenditures on improving the people's livelihood; established a mechanism for coordinating the efforts of the government, businesses, individuals, and society; and cultivated the idea of everyone working hard, all sectors of society sharing responsibility, and getting rich through hard work. We steadily built up systems for improving people's well-being on the basis of determining how public programs for this purpose are, and encouraged the use of nongovernmental capital in such programs. We selected special transfer payments for employment subsidies and renovation of rundown rural houses to assess their results and established a sound mechanism for evaluating key expenditures on the people's livelihood. |
| 3. 進一步加強預算管理。一是加強預算編制和執(zhí)行管理。細化部門預算編制，進一步壓縮代編預算規(guī)模，嚴格控制預算執(zhí)行中調整事項。建立健全覆蓋各級財政的預算執(zhí)行動態(tài)監(jiān)控體系，開展了國庫集中支付電子化管理試點。建立健全公務卡強制結算目錄制度，公務卡受理環(huán)境逐步改善。二是加快推進預算績效管理。實施預算績效管理的部門范圍和資金規(guī)模進一步擴大。中央財政對部分專項轉移支付項目和縣級財政支出管理等開展了重點績效評價，并積極探索實施評價結果公開、績效約談、績效獎懲等績效評價結果應用。地方預算績效管理工作也明顯加強。三是強化地方政府性債務管理?；久辶说胤秸詡鶆盏讛?shù)，對債務高風險地區(qū)進行了風險提示，促進加強債務管理和風險防控。地方政府債券自發(fā)代還試點范圍繼續(xù)擴大。將土地儲備機構融資納入地方政府性債務統(tǒng)一管理，實行年度可融資規(guī)?？刂?。政府綜合財務報告試編范圍進一步擴大。四是深入推進預決算公開。中央財政和中央部門預決算公開內容進一步細化，中央部門預決算分別集中公開。中央本級“三公”經費預算由7月份隨同中央部門決算公開，提前到4月份隨同中央部門預算公開，公開的內容更加詳實。推進省以下預決算公開，全國31個省份公開了省級財政總預算和省級預算單位部門預算，大部分省份公開了省級“三公”經費預決算。 |
(3) Budgetary management was strengthened. First, we improved the compilation of budgets and the management of their implementation. We made departmental budgets more detailed, further cut down the size of expenditure budgets compiled by finance departments for relevant departments and projects, and strictly controlled adjustments to items being executed. We established a sound, dynamic system for monitoring the execution of budgets at all levels of government and carried out trials to digitize centralized treasury payment in selected areas. We introduced a list of expenditure items requiring settlement by the use of government credit cards and are promoting the wider acceptance of these cards by commercial outlets. Second, we accelerated efforts to manage budgets more effectively. We applied performance-based budget management to more government departments and to more funds. The central government focused on evaluating the performance of some projects funded by special transfer payments and the management of expenditure at the county level. It also explored ways to release evaluation results, hold admonitory talks on performance, reward good performance and sanction poor performance and other ways to make use of performance evaluation results. Local governments also showed their eagerness to manage their budgets more effectively. Third, we strengthened management of local government debt. We obtained a rather clear picture on how much local government debt there is, gave warnings to regions with high amounts of debt, and strengthened debt management and risk prevention and control. More local governments were selected to begin issuing their own bonds on a trial basis that the central government would pay off. We brought financing done through land reserve institutions into local government debt management and imposed a ceiling on its annual size. More governments began to prepare comprehensive financial reports on a trial basis. Fourth, extensive efforts were made to release budgets and final accounts. The released budgets and final accounts of the central government and its departments were more detailed. The budgets of all the central government' s departments were made public together in April, and their final accounts were made public together in July. More detailed budgets for central government departments' spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality were released in April together with their other budgets, instead of July when such budgets used to be made public together with these departments' final accounts. We got more governments at and below the provincial level to disclose their budgets and final accounts: General fiscal budgets at the provincial level and departmental budgets of provincial-level organs responsible for preparing budgets were disclosed in the country's 31 administrative areas, and budgets and final accounts for the spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality at the provincial level were made public in most provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities under the central government. |
| 4. 加快推進財稅體制改革。堅持頂層設計與分步實施相結合的原則，在研究提出深化財稅體制改革總體思路的同時，不失時機地推出一系列改革措施。交通運輸業(yè)和部分現(xiàn)代服務業(yè)營改增試點順利推向全國，全年減輕企業(yè)稅負超過1400億元，促進了服務業(yè)發(fā)展和產業(yè)結構優(yōu)化。實施部分品目資源稅從價計征改革試點。取消和下放了一批財政行政審批事項。出臺了政府向社會力量購買服務的指導意見，積極組織開展政府購買服務工作。研究明確了清理規(guī)范中央專項轉移支付的思路和方案，壓減了一批專項轉移支付項目，下放了一批專項轉移支付項目的審批權。支持黑龍江省開展“兩大平原”涉農資金整合試點。推動地方結合實際，清理整合省對下的轉移支付項目。 |
(4) Fiscal and tax reforms were accelerated. In light of the principle of carrying out reform step by step in accordance with the top-level design, we lost no opportunity to introduce a series of reform measures while working out a master plan to deepen fiscal and tax reforms. The pilot project to replace business tax with VAT in the transportation industry and some modern service industries was carried out across the country successfully, thereby reducing the tax load on businesses by more than 140 billion yuan for the year and helping develop the service industry and optimize the industrial structure. We implemented a trial reform of levying price-based taxes on some resources. We abolished or delegated a number of financial items subject to administrative review and approval. We have unveiled guidelines for government procurement of public services from nongovernmental sectors and actively organized and carried out this work. We studied and defined our ideas and plan for reviewing and straightening out special transfer payments from the central government, reduced a number of special transfer payments, and delegated the authority of review and approval over certain items to lower levels. We supported Heilongjiang Province in launching a pilot project to combine funds concerning agriculture, rural areas, and farmers for the Songnen and Sanjiang plains. We encouraged provincial-level governments to review and integrate their transfer payments to governments at lower levels in light of their actual conditions. |
| 5. 厲行勤儉節(jié)約。認真貫徹中央八項規(guī)定精神，按5%比例壓減中央本級一般性支出，騰出的資金轉入中央預算穩(wěn)定調節(jié)基金，留待以后年度經預算安排使用。各地也都相應壓減了支出。加強厲行節(jié)約反對浪費制度建設，圍繞落實《黨政機關厲行節(jié)約反對浪費條例》，發(fā)布了中央和國家機關會議費、培訓費、差旅費、外賓接待經費、因公臨時出國經費和因公短期出國培訓經費等管理辦法，增強制度的可操作性和權威性，為建立健全厲行節(jié)約反對浪費長效機制奠定了基礎。 |
(5) Every area was economized. We faithfully complied with the Party Central Committee's eight-point regulations and cut regular expenditures of the central government by 5%, with the funds saved transferred to the Central Budget Stabilization Fund for future budgetary purposes. Local governments also reduced their spending accordingly. We have strengthened the system to stringently economize and curb waste. Focusing on implementing the Regulations on Practicing Thrift and Opposing Waste in Party and Government Bodies, we formulated measures for managing expenditures of the bodies of the CPC Central Committee and the central government on meetings, training, business travel, hospitality for foreign guests, temporary overseas trips, short-term overseas training and other official business purposes, thus making the system more operational and authoritative and providing a foundation for establishing a sound, permanent mechanism. |
| （三）2013年預算收支情況。 | 3. Budgetary revenue and expenditures in 2013 |
| 1. 公共財政預算。 | (1) Public finance budgets |
| 2013年上半年我國經濟下行壓力較大，財政收入增速下滑，低于年初預算預計的增幅；下半年經濟企穩(wěn)回升，財政收入特別是稅收收入增速回升，加上一些一次性增收因素，全年財政收入比年初預算略有超收。全國財政收入129142.9億元，比2012年（下同）增長10.1%。加上從中央預算穩(wěn)定調節(jié)基金調入1000億元，地方財政調入資金149.74億元，使用的收入總量為130292.64億元。全國財政支出139744.26億元，增長10.9%。加上補充中央預算穩(wěn)定調節(jié)基金1164.38億元，以及地方政府債券還本支出1384億元，支出總量為142292.64億元。全國財政收支總量相抵，差額12000億元。 | There being considerable downward pressure on our economy in the first half of 2013, the growth in government revenue slowed, falling short of the figure forecasted at the beginning of the year. As the economic situation improved in the second half of the year, the increase of revenue and in particular tax revenue picked up. That, coupled with some one-time factors contributing to revenue increases, raised revenue for the year slightly above the figure budgeted in early 2013. National revenue totaled 12.91429 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.1% over 2012 (as below). Adding the 100 billion yuan from the Central Budget Stabilization Fund and 14.974 billion yuan from local government finances, utilized revenue totaled 13.029264 trillion yuan. National expenditure amounted to 13.974426 trillion yuan, up 10.9%. Including the 116.438 billion yuan used to replenish the Central Budget Stabilization Fund and the 138.4 billion yuan used to repay the principal on local government bonds, expenditure totaled 14.229264 trillion yuan. Total national expenditure therefore exceeded total national revenue by 1.2 trillion yuan. |
| 中央財政收入60173.77億元，為預算的100.2%，增長7.1%。加上從中央預算穩(wěn)定調節(jié)基金調入1000億元，使用的收入總量為61173.77億元。中央財政支出68509.39億元，完成預算的98.5%，增長6.8%（其中，中央本級支出20471.75億元，增長9.1%，完成預算的101.3%，主要是執(zhí)行中壓減補助地方的零散項目，將部分原列中央對地方轉移支付的基建投資、用車輛購置稅安排的支出，調整用于增加鐵路投資等，相應增列中央本級支出）。加上補充中央預算穩(wěn)定調節(jié)基金1164.38億元，支出總量為69673.77億元。收支總量相抵，中央財政赤字8500億元，與預算持平。2013年末中央財政國債余額86750.46億元，控制在年度預算限額91208.35億元以內。中央預算穩(wěn)定調節(jié)基金余額為1483.08億元。 | Central government revenue amounted to 6.017377 trillion yuan, 100.2% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 7.1%. Adding the 100 billion yuan contributed by the Central Budget Stabilization Fund, total revenue used by the central government came to 6.117377 trillion yuan. Central government expenditure amounted to 6.850939 trillion yuan, 98.5% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 6.8%. (This includes 2.047175 trillion yuan in central government spending, a rise of 9.1% year on year and 101.3% of the budgeted figure. This was mainly because we reduced the subsidies for miscellaneous local projects during execution of the budget and part of the central government transfer payments to local governments for capital construction investment and sales tax revenue on motor vehicles were reallocated for increased investment in railways, with a corresponding increase of expenditure at the central level.) Adding the 116.438 billion yuan used to replenish the Central Budget Stabilization Fund, central government expenditure totaled 6.967377 trillion yuan. Total expenditure of the central government exceeded total revenue, leaving a deficit of 850 billion yuan, the same as the budgeted figure. The outstanding balance on government bonds in the central budget was 8.675046 trillion yuan at the end of 2013, which was kept within the budgeted limit of 9.120835 trillion yuan for the year. The Central Budget Stabilization Fund had a balance of 148.308 billion yuan. |
| 地方本級收入68969.13億元，增長12.9%。加上中央對地方稅收返還和轉移支付收入48037.64億元，地方財政調入資金149.74億元，地方財政收入總量為117156.51億元。地方財政支出119272.51億元，增長11.3%，加上地方政府債券還本支出1384億元，支出總量為120656.51億元。收支總量相抵，差額3500億元。 | The revenue of local governments came to 6.896913 trillion yuan, an increase of 12.9%. Adding the 4.803764 trillion yuan in tax rebates and transfer payments from the central government to local governments, plus the 14.974 billion yuan transferred to the central government from local governments, local government revenue totaled 11.715651 trillion yuan. Local government expenditure amounted to 11.927251 trillion yuan, up 11.3%. Adding the 138.4 billion yuan used to repay the principal on local government bonds, local government expenditure totaled 12.065651 trillion yuan. Total expenditure of local governments exceeded total revenue by 350 billion yuan. |
| 2013年中央預算收支執(zhí)行具體情況如下： | The following is specific details of the central budget in 2013: |
| （1）主要收入項目執(zhí)行情況。國內增值稅20527.92億元，為預算的98%。國內消費稅8230.27億元，為預算的96.3%。進口貨物增值稅、消費稅14003.34億元，為預算的88.2%，下降了5.4%；關稅2630.29億元，為預算的88.6%，下降了5.5%，進口稅收低于預算，主要是進口增長低于預期以及高稅率商品進口減少、大宗商品價格走低。企業(yè)所得稅14443.1億元，為預算的110.1%，主要是企業(yè)利潤增幅高于預期，以及清繳以前年度稅款等一次性因素。個人所得稅3918.84億元，為預算的102.7%。出口貨物退增值稅、消費稅10514.89億元，為預算的94.6%。非稅收入3540.05億元，為預算的128.5%。 |
1) Main revenue items Domestic VAT revenue was 2.052792 trillion yuan, 98% of the budgeted figure. Domestic excise tax revenue was 823.027 billion yuan, 96.3% of the budgeted figure. Revenue from VAT and excise tax on imports amounted to 1.400334 trillion yuan, 88.2% of the budgeted figure, a decline of 5.4%; and revenue from customs duties came to 263.029 billion yuan, 88.6% of the budgeted figure, a decline of 5.5%. Revenue from import taxes fell short of budget largely because growth in imports was lower than forecasted and imports of high-duty goods decreased, and because the prices of bulk commodities dropped. Corporate income tax revenue was 1.44431 trillion yuan, 110.1% of the budgeted figure. This was mainly due to the bigger than expected increases in corporate profits as well as collection of taxes overdue from previous years and other one-time factors. Individual income tax revenue was 391.884 billion yuan, 102.7% of the budgeted figure. VAT and excise tax rebates on exports came to 1.051489 trillion yuan, 94.6% of the budgeted figure, and non-tax revenue totaled 354.005 billion yuan, 128.5% of the budgeted figure. |
| 2013年中央財政收入比預算超收113.77億元。主要是車輛購置稅超收，按照?？顚Ｓ玫囊?guī)定相應增加公路建設支出。 | Central government revenue exceeded the budgeted figure by 11.377 billion yuan in 2013. This was mainly because of the surplus sales tax revenue on motor vehicles, which was used to increase spending on highway construction as required by the regulations on using designated funds for their intended purposes. |
| （2）主要支出項目執(zhí)行情況。2013年前幾個月中央財政收入增幅明顯回落，經報黨中央、國務院批準，預算執(zhí)行中壓減了部分中央本級支出，同時結合規(guī)范轉移支付制度壓減了中央對地方專項轉移支付。相應地，部分支出執(zhí)行數(shù)低于預算安排數(shù)。 |
2) Main expenditure items The growth in the central government revenue slowed significantly in the first few months of 2013. With the approval of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, we reduced some central government expenditure during the execution of the budget; at the same time, we reduced special transfer payments to local governments in the course of standardizing the transfer payments system. Accordingly, actual figures for some spending were lower than their budgeted figures. |
| 農林水事務支出6005.4億元，完成預算的96.9%，增長0.2%，主要是2012年預算執(zhí)行中通過調整支出結構一次性增加了重大水利工程、農田水利設施建設、小型病險水庫和中小河流治理等方面的投入，基數(shù)較高。落實農業(yè)補貼政策，推進種糧大戶補貼試點，開展農機報廢更新補貼試點。支持改造中低產田、建設高標準農田2795.4萬畝。繼續(xù)推進小型農田水利重點縣建設。支持北方地區(qū)規(guī)?；l(fā)展高效節(jié)水灌溉，開展東北四省區(qū)“節(jié)水增糧行動”。在639個縣實施草原生態(tài)保護補助獎勵機制，覆蓋了全國80%以上的草原。開展財政支持農民專業(yè)合作組織發(fā)展創(chuàng)新試點和新型農業(yè)生產社會化服務體系建設試點。促進農業(yè)科技成果轉化，基層農技推廣體系改革示范縣項目覆蓋到所有的農業(yè)縣（市、區(qū)、場）。進一步加大財政專項扶貧資金投入，新增部分主要用于連片特困地區(qū)。全面推進村級公益事業(yè)建設一事一議財政獎補工作，農村綜合改革示范試點和國有農場辦社會職能改革試點進展順利。 | Expenditure on agriculture, forestry, and water conservancy came to 600.54 billion yuan, 96.9% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 0.2%. This small increase was mainly due to the large base figure for 2012. A one-time additional investment was made while adjusting the spending structure during the execution of the 2012 budget in efforts to build major water conservancy projects and irrigation and water conservancy facilities, reinforce small reservoirs, and clean up and improve the flood defenses of small and medium-sized rivers. We implemented agricultural subsidy policies, moved ahead with trials to subsidize major grain growers, and granted subsidies for scrapping and replacing agricultural machinery on a trial basis. We supported upgrading of 1.86 million hectares of low and medium-yield crop land to high-yield standards. We continued to improve small irrigation and water conservancy facilities in key counties. We supported the large-scale development of highly-efficient water saving irrigation in the north, and launched a campaign to save water and increase grain output in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces and Inner Mongolia. We implemented the mechanism for subsidizing and rewarding grassland ecological conservation in 639 counties, covering over 80% of grasslands in China. We carried out trials of giving financial support for development of and innovations by specialized farmer cooperatives and pilot projects for developing a new system whereby various sectors of society provide services for agricultural production. We promoted the application of scientific and technological advances in agriculture, and extended to all farming counties (county-level cities, districts and farms) the project of demonstrating the reform of the system for spreading agricultural technology at county level. We further increased special funds for poverty relief efforts and spent the additional funds mainly in contiguous areas with acute difficulties. We comprehensively implemented the government award and subsidy system for village-level public works projects, the launching of which was determined by villagers through deliberation. The demonstrations and trials on comprehensive rural reform and the pilot reform to relieve state-owned farms of public responsibility progressed smoothly. |
| 社會保障和就業(yè)支出6571.75億元，完成預算的100.3%，增長14.2%。將企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金水平提高10%，月人均達到1900元左右。對中央財政補助地區(qū)分別按月人均15元和12元增加城鄉(xiāng)低保補助資金。提高優(yōu)撫對象等人員撫恤和生活補助標準，扎實做好自然災害生活救助、流浪乞討人員救助、孤兒基本生活保障等工作。實施大學生就業(yè)促進計劃，對城鄉(xiāng)低保家庭的高校畢業(yè)生求職給予補貼，增加小額擔保貸款貼息資金。 | Spending on social security and employment was 657.175 billion yuan, 100.3% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 14.2%. Basic pensions for enterprise retirees were raised by 10%, with average monthly benefits reaching around 1,900 yuan per person. We increased subsistence allowances for urban and rural recipients living in areas that receive central government subsidies by an average of 15 yuan and 12 yuan, respectively, per person per month. We raised subsidies and living allowances for entitled groups, helped victims of natural disasters rebuild their lives, provided assistance to the homeless and beggars, and ensured basic living conditions for orphans. We implemented a scheme to help college graduates find employment, provided subsidies to job-seeking university graduates from rural and urban families living on subsistence allowances, and increased subsidies to help pay interest on small guaranteed loans. |
| 醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生支出2588.12億元，完成預算的99.4%，增長26.4%。新型農村合作醫(yī)療和城鎮(zhèn)居民基本醫(yī)療保險財政補助標準提高到每人每年280元。大部分省份出臺了城鄉(xiāng)居民大病保險制度實施方案?；竟残l(wèi)生服務經費標準提高到每人每年30元，繼續(xù)支持實施重大公共衛(wèi)生服務項目。穩(wěn)步推進縣級公立醫(yī)院綜合改革試點和基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構綜合改革，開展基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構全科醫(yī)生特崗計劃試點。推進疾病應急救助制度建設。 | Spending on medical and health care amounted to 258.812 billion yuan, 99.4% of the budgeted figure and a 26.4% increase. We raised government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and basic medical insurance for nonworking urban residents to 280 yuan per person per year. Most provincial-level administrative areas unveiled plans to introduce serious illness insurance for their rural and nonworking urban residents. We increased the standard of funding for basic public health services to 30 yuan per person per year, and continued to support major public health service projects. We made steady progress in the pilot reform of county-level public hospitals and the comprehensive reform of community medical and health care centers, and launched a pilot program for posting general practitioners in such institutions. We moved ahead with developing a system for providing assistance in dealing with medical emergencies. |
| 教育支出3883.91億元，完成預算的94%，增長2.7%，主要是據(jù)實結算的學生資助補助經費減少，以及高中教育債務納入地方政府債務管理或由地方政府安排資金解決，相應減少了中央化債補助資金。以獎補方式鼓勵社會力量舉辦學前教育，大力支持中西部農村地區(qū)幼兒園建設。提高義務教育經費保障水平，全國1.2億名農村義務教育階段學生全部享受免學雜費和免費教科書政策，中西部地區(qū)1260萬名家庭經濟困難寄宿生享受生活費補助政策，一些薄弱學校生活設施和辦學條件進一步改善。農村義務教育階段學生營養(yǎng)改善計劃惠及3200萬名貧困地區(qū)學生。支持1394萬名農民工隨遷子女在城市接受義務教育。支持750個職業(yè)教育實訓基地、706所中等職業(yè)教育改革發(fā)展示范校和60所國家示范性高職院校建設。支持實施“985工程”和“2011計劃”，推動研究生教育綜合改革。進一步健全了涵蓋各教育階段的國家資助政策，約8400萬名學齡前兒童和學生受益。 | Spending on education was 388.319 billion yuan, 94% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 2.7%. Spending came out short of the budget mainly because student financial aid and subsidies executed according to the actual numbers of students were less than the budgeted figure; also, local government debts arising from providing senior high school education were either managed as local government debt or repaid by local governments, and thus there was a corresponding decline in central government subsidies to help them with these debts. We introduced incentives to encourage nongovernmental sectors to provide preschool education, and gave huge support for the development of rural kindergartens in the central and western regions. We raised the level of funding for compulsory education: the country's 120 million rural students receiving compulsory education were all exempted from paying tuition and other associated fees and were supplied with free textbooks; 12.6 million boarding students from poor families in the central and western regions received living allowances; and living and teaching facilities in some weak schools were further improved. The plan for improving the nutrition of rural students in compulsory education schools brought benefit to 32 million students in poverty-stricken regions. We helped 13.94 million children of rural migrant workers to receive compulsory education in their adopted cities. We supported development of 750 vocational training centers, 706 demonstration secondary vocational schools for education reform and development, and 60 state-level demonstration vocational colleges. We supported the implementation of Project 985 and the 2011 Plan and pushed forward the comprehensive reform of postgraduate education. We further improved government financial aid policies for all stages of education, benefiting roughly 84 million preschool children and students. |
| 科學技術支出2460.59億元，完成預算的97.3%，增長7.4%。支持國家科技重大專項核心技術突破、優(yōu)勢資源集成和技術平臺建設，促進重大戰(zhàn)略產品開發(fā)和重大示范工程建設。加大對國家科技計劃、自然科學基金等的投入，重點支持基礎研究、社會公益研究、前沿技術研究和關鍵共性技術研究。提高了科研機構基本運行經費保障水平。擴大公益性行業(yè)科研專項的支持范圍。深入實施科技創(chuàng)新工程。 | Spending on science and technology came to 246.059 billion yuan, 97.3% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 7.4%. We supported efforts to make core technology breakthroughs, bring together the best resources, and build technological platforms for major state science and technology programs. We gave impetus to the development of major strategic products and the construction of important demonstration projects. More investment went into state science and technology programs and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, with the focus of our support on basic research, research for public benefit, and research on cutting-edge technology and key generic technology. We increased funding for basic operating expenses of research institutes, extended the scope of our support for research projects in public service industries, and moved science and technology innovation projects forward. |
| 文化體育與傳媒支出531.55億元，完成預算的98.3%，增長7.5%。支持實施重點文化惠民工程，穩(wěn)步推進博物館等公益性文化設施向社會免費開放。按照每個行政村1萬元的標準支持開展村級基層群眾文化活動。支持實施平安故宮工程等重點項目。加強海外中國文化中心建設和重點媒體國際傳播能力建設。 | Expenditures on culture, sports and the media were 53.155 billion yuan, 98.3% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 7.5%.We supported implementation of key cultural programs beneficial to the people, and achieved steady progress in opening museums and other public cultural facilities for free admission. We provided 10,000 yuan to every administrative village in support of their cultural activities. We rendered our support to key projects including the project to secure the Imperial Palace. Greater efforts were put into developing Chinese cultural centers overseas and building international broadcasting capabilities of key media. |
| 住房保障支出2320.94億元，完成預算的104.1%，下降10.8%，主要是保障性安居工程建設任務比上年減少。城鎮(zhèn)保障性安居工程住房基本建成544萬套、新開工666萬套，在部分地區(qū)開展了保障性安居工程預算績效綜合評價試點。支持完成266萬戶農村危房改造任務，進一步提高了貧困地區(qū)的中央補助標準。 | Spending on guaranteeing housing totaled 232.094 billion yuan, 104.1% of the budgeted figure and a reduction of 10.8%. This was mainly because there were fewer construction tasks of government-subsidized housing than the previous year. Last year, 5.44 million units of urban government-subsidized housing were completed and construction on another 6.66 million units began. Trials were carried out for assessing the overall performance of the budgets for government-subsidized housing projects in some areas. We supported the renovation of rundown houses for 2.66 million rural households, and raised the amount of central government subsidies to the poor regions. |
| 節(jié)能環(huán)保支出1803.9億元，完成預算的85.8%，下降9.7%，主要是部分節(jié)能產品補貼政策到期后不再執(zhí)行。支持重點地區(qū)開展大氣污染防治工作。安排獎勵資金支持淘汰落后產能。支持重點節(jié)能工程建設，擴大節(jié)能減排財政政策綜合示范的范圍。北方采暖區(qū)完成既有居住建筑節(jié)能改造2億平方米。支持開展重金屬污染綜合防治試點。支持開展城市廢棄物無害化處理和循環(huán)利用。啟動無電地區(qū)金太陽示范工程，支持頁巖氣資源規(guī)模化開發(fā)利用。繼續(xù)推進天然林資源保護和退耕還林等工程。鼓勵使用高效節(jié)能產品，支持推廣1.6升及以下節(jié)能環(huán)保汽車和新能源汽車。 | Spending on energy conservation and environmental protection came to 180.39 billion yuan, 85.8% of the budgeted figure and a reduction of 9.7%. This is primarily because some subsidy policies for promoting the use of energy-efficient products were no longer being implemented once they ended. We supported the prevention and control of air pollution in key regions. Incentive funds have been put in place to support the closedown of outdated production facilities. Support was provided to the construction of key energy saving projects, and we extended to more areas the comprehensive demonstrations for energy conservation and emissions reduction based on integrating financial policies. Work on improving the energy efficiency of 200 million square meters of residential buildings with central heating has been completed in northern China. We supported the trials on the comprehensive prevention and control of heavy metal contamination as well as the efforts to safely dispose, recycle and reuse urban waste. The Golden Sun Demonstration Project to support solar power was launched in areas without electricity, and support has been given to the large-scale development and use of shale gas resources. We continued to move forward with the projects such as those to protect virgin forests and turn cultivated land back to forests. We encouraged the use of energy efficient products and helped to promote energy-efficient, environmentally friendly motor vehicles with engine displacement of 1.6 liters or less, as well as vehicles powered by new energy sources. |
| 交通運輸支出4138.5億元，完成預算的104.1%，增長4.2%。糧油物資儲備事務支出1266.38億元，完成預算的102.4%，增長27.9%。國防支出7201.97億元，完成預算的100%，增長10.7%。公共安全支出1934.34億元，完成預算的95.3%，增長2.9%。一般公共服務支出1381.54億元，完成預算的102.3%，增長3.9%。 | Expenditure on transportation totaled 413.85 billion yuan, 104.1% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 4.2%. Expenditure on stockpiling grain, edible oils, and other materials needed for production and daily life came to 126.638 billion yuan, 102.4% of the budgeted figure and up 27.9%. National defense spending was 720.197 billion yuan, 100% of the budgeted figure and a 10.7% increase. Spending on public security amounted to 193.434 billion yuan, 95.3% of the budgeted figure and up 2.9%. Expenditure on general public services was 138.154 billion yuan, 102.3% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 3.9%. |
| （3）中央對地方稅收返還和轉移支付執(zhí)行情況。中央對地方稅收返還和轉移支付48037.64億元，完成預算的98.3%，增長5.9%。其中：一般性轉移支付24370.91億元，專項轉移支付18609.83億元。一般性轉移支付占全部轉移支付的56.7%，比2012年提高3.4個百分點。 |
3) Central government tax rebates and transfer payments to local governments Central government tax rebates and transfer payments to local governments totaled 4.803764 trillion yuan, 98.3% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 5.9%. This sum includes 2.437091 trillion yuan in general transfer payments and 1.860983 trillion yuan in special transfer payments. General transfer payments made up 56.7% of total transfer payments, 3.4 percentage points higher than 2012. |
| 2. 政府性基金預算。 | (2) Budgets for government-managed funds |
| 2013年全國政府性基金收入52238.61億元，全國政府性基金支出50116.46億元。 | In 2013, revenue from government-managed funds nationwide came to 5.223861 trillion yuan, and their expenditure amounted to 5.011646 trillion yuan. |
| 中央政府性基金收入4231.7億元，為預算的116.9%，增長27.5%。超過預算主要是中央財政向煙草總公司收取部分稅后利潤，用于支持鐵路建設支出。加上2012年結轉收入834.73億元，2013年中央政府性基金收入總量為5066.43億元。中央政府性基金支出4259.47億元，完成預算的96.8%，增長27%。其中，中央本級支出2760.86億元，對地方轉移支付1498.61億元。中央政府性基金結轉下年支出806.96億元。 | Revenue from central government-managed funds totaled 423.17 billion yuan, 116.9% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 27.5%. The surplus was mainly because part of the after-tax profits of the China National Tobacco Corporation was collected by the central government to support railway construction. Adding the 83.473 billion yuan carried forward from 2012, revenue from central government-managed funds totaled 506.643 billion yuan in 2013. Expenditure of central government-managed funds totaled 425.947 billion yuan, 96.8% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 27%. Of this, central government spending was 276.086 billion yuan and transfer payments to local governments amounted to 149.861 billion yuan. A total of 80.696 billion yuan has been carried forward to 2014 from central government-managed funds. |
| 地方政府性基金本級收入48006.91億元，增長40.3%，其中，國有土地使用權出讓收入41249.52億元。加上中央政府性基金對地方轉移支付1498.61億元，地方政府性基金收入為49505.52億元。地方政府性基金支出47355.6億元，增長38.6%，其中，國有土地使用權出讓收入安排的支出40600.45億元。地方政府性基金收大于支的部分結轉下年使用。 | Revenue from funds managed by local governments reached 4.800691 trillion yuan, an increase of 40.3%. This figure includes 4.124952 trillion yuan from the sale of state-owned land-use rights. Adding the 149.861 billion yuan in transfer payments from central government-managed funds, total revenue from local government-managed funds was 4.950552 trillion yuan. Expenditure of local government-managed funds totaled 4.73556 trillion yuan, an increase of 38.6%. This includes 4.060045 trillion yuan of spending from the proceeds of selling state-owned land-use rights. Surplus revenue from local government-managed funds has been carried forward to 2014. |
| 3. 國有資本經營預算。 | (3) Budgets for state capital operations |
| 2013年全國國有資本經營收入1651.36億元，全國國有資本經營支出1513.6億元。 | In 2013, revenue from state capital operations nationwide totaled 165.136 billion yuan, and expenditure on state capital operations, 151.36 billion yuan. |
| 中央國有資本經營收入1058.27億元，為預算的104.7%，增長9%。加上2012年結轉收入71.95億元，收入總量為1130.22億元。中央國有資本經營支出978.19億元，完成預算的90.3%，增長5.2%。其中，調入公共財政預算用于社會保障等民生支出65億元，增長30%。中央國有資本經營結轉下年支出152.03億元。 | Revenue from state capital operations of the central government totaled 105.827 billion yuan, 104.7% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 9%. Adding the 7.195 billion yuan carried forward from 2012, total revenue stood at 113.022 billion yuan. Expenditure on the central government's state capital operations came to 97.819 billion yuan, 90.3% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 5.2%. This figure includes 6.5 billion yuan, a 30% increase, that was spent on social security and other areas related to the people's livelihood, as planned in last year's public finance budgets. Surplus revenue from the central government's state capital operations totaling 15.203 billion yuan was carried over to 2014. |
| 地方國有資本經營收入593.09億元，地方國有資本經營支出535.41億元。地方國有資本經營收大于支的部分結轉下年使用。 | Revenue from state capital operations of local governments totaled 59.309 billion yuan, and total expenditure amounted to 53.541 billion yuan. Surplus revenue from state capital operations of local governments was carried forward to 2014. |
| 4. 社會保險基金預算。 | (4) Budgets for social insurance funds |
|
2013年全國社會保險基金收入34515.56億元，為預算的105.1%，其中，保險費收入25938.81億元，財政補貼收入7371.5億元。全國社會保險基金支出28616.75億元，為預算的102.5%。本年收支結余5898.81億元，年末滾存結余43441.85億元。 以上有關預算執(zhí)行的具體情況詳見《中華人民共和國2013年全國預算執(zhí)行情況2014年全國預算（草案）》。 |
Revenue from social insurance funds nationwide totaled 3.451556 trillion yuan, 105.1% of the budgeted figure. This includes 2.593881 trillion yuan of insurance premiums and 737.15 billion yuan of government subsidies. Expenditure of social insurance funds totaled 2.861675 trillion yuan nationwide, 102.5% of the budgeted figure. Revenue exceeded expenditure in 2013, leaving a surplus of 589.881 billion yuan, and the year-end balance reached 4.344185 trillion yuan after the surplus in 2013 was rolled over. |
| 總的看，2013年全國預算執(zhí)行總體良好，各項財政工作取得新進展，這是黨中央、國務院科學決策、正確領導的結果，是全國人大、政協(xié)及代表委員們加強監(jiān)督、有力指導的結果，是各地區(qū)、各部門以及全國各族人民艱苦奮斗、共同努力的結果。 | On the whole, the 2013 budgets were implemented well and good progress was made in all our fiscal work. We owe this to the scientific decisions and correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council; the tightened oversight of and effective guidance from NPC deputies and members of the CPPCC National Committee; and the hard work and joint efforts of all regions, government departments and people of all the country's ethnic groups. |
| 同時，我們也清醒地認識到財政改革發(fā)展面臨的問題與挑戰(zhàn)：財政收入中低速增長與支出剛性增長矛盾突出，預算管理制度的完整性、科學性、規(guī)范性和透明度不夠，稅收制度不完全適應經濟社會發(fā)展、改革、轉型的新形勢，中央與地方的事權和支出責任劃分存在不清晰、不合理、不規(guī)范問題，財政結轉結余資金規(guī)模較大，地方政府性債務存在一定的風險隱患，一些基礎性工作還不夠扎實，財經紀律亟待加強，等等。我們將高度重視這些問題，采取有力措施加以解決。 | At the same time, we are fully aware of the problems and challenges we still face in fiscal reforms and development: there is a considerable tension between the slow rise in government revenue and the stubborn rise in expenditures; the budget management system needs to be more rounded, scientific, standardized, and transparent; our tax system is not entirely in tune with the new circumstances of economic and social development, reform, and transformation; powers and spending responsibilities between the central government and local governments are not clearly defined, rational, or standardized; carryover and surplus funds are too large; there are certain risks and hidden dangers in local government debts; some foundational work is still not solid enough; and financial discipline need to be urgently strengthened. We will give priority to these problems and take effective measures to resolve them. |
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