《西藏發(fā)展道路的歷史選擇》白皮書(shū)
White Paper: Tibet's Path of Development Is Driven by an Irresistible Historical Tide
0 
調(diào)整字號(hào)大小: 
| 五、中央政府對(duì)十四世達(dá)賴(lài)的政策 | V. The Central Government's Policy Towards the 14th Dalai Lama |
| 60多年前，中央政府從維護(hù)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一和民族團(tuán)結(jié)的大局出發(fā)，積極爭(zhēng)取十四世達(dá)賴(lài)的合作，實(shí)現(xiàn)西藏和平解放。1959年十四世達(dá)賴(lài)叛逃國(guó)外后，中央政府始終是仁至義盡、給予出路。然而，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)在這60多年里則一而再、再而三地作出了與中央政府和西藏人民的愿望背道而馳的選擇。 | More than 60 years ago, for the sake of the unification of the country and national unity, the central government made positive efforts to seek the cooperation of the 14th Dalai Lama and achieve the peaceful liberation of Tibet. Since the 14th Dalai Lama fled abroad in 1959, the central government has all along exercised great restraint and done its best for best solutions. However, he has repeatedly made choices that run counter to the wishes of the central government and the people of Tibet. |
| ——達(dá)賴(lài)?yán)锏臍v史合法性源自中央政府，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)在西藏和平解放過(guò)程中，曾作過(guò)一些有益的事，但最終背離了自己的正確選擇 | - The historical legitimacy of Dalai Lama came from the central government. The 14th Dalai Lama did make some contribution to the peaceful liberation of Tibet, but he subsequently deviated from his correct choice. |
達(dá)賴(lài)?yán)镞@個(gè)藏傳佛教格魯派大活佛的稱(chēng)號(hào)及其歷史地位和影響與中央政府的封授密不可分。1653年，五世達(dá)賴(lài)應(yīng)召進(jìn)京朝見(jiàn)清朝順治皇帝，被冊(cè)封并授予金冊(cè)金印。從此達(dá)賴(lài)?yán)锏姆馓?hào)及其在西藏的政教地位得以確立。1793年，清朝頒布《欽定藏內(nèi)善后章程二十九條》，確立達(dá)賴(lài)?yán)镛D(zhuǎn)世的金瓶掣簽制度。1940年2月5日,國(guó)民政府頒布“府字第898號(hào)”令，批準(zhǔn)青海省湟中縣祁家川5歲男童拉木登珠為第十三世達(dá)賴(lài)?yán)镛D(zhuǎn)世，并根據(jù)西藏地方政府免于金瓶掣簽的請(qǐng)求，特準(zhǔn)繼任為第十四世達(dá)賴(lài)?yán)?，撥付坐床大典所需?jīng)費(fèi)四十萬(wàn)元。2月22日，循歷史定制，中央政府代表吳忠信與熱振活佛一起主持了十四世達(dá)賴(lài)的坐床典禮。拉木登珠成為十四世達(dá)賴(lài)，其合法性來(lái)自中央政府關(guān)于達(dá)賴(lài)?yán)镏贫鹊囊?guī)定和國(guó)民政府的批準(zhǔn)認(rèn)可。 | Dalai Lama is a leading incarnation in the hierarchy of the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. Its historical status and influence have been closely associated with conferment by the central government. In 1653, the 5th Dalai Lama was summoned to an audience with Qing Emperor Shunzhi, who conferred on him the title of Dalai Lama and issued a gold imperial edict and gold seal to him, officially establishing the title and its political and religious status in Tibet. In 1793, the Qing government enacted the 29-article Authorized Regulations for the Better Government of Tibet. These regulations established the system of drawing lots from a golden urn in relation to the authenticity of the reincarnation of Dalai Lama. On February 5, 1940, the central government of the Republic of China (1912-1949) issued edict No. 898 to approve the status of the five-year-old boy Lhamo Thondup, born in Qijiachuan, Huangzhong County, Qinghai, as the incarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama and his enthronement as the 14th Dalai Lama, and give consent to the local government's request to waive the lot-drawing convention. The central government granted 400,000 yuan to cover his enthronement costs. On February 22, following established historical traditions, the central government representative Wu Zhongxin and the Tibetan Regent Reting Hutuktu presided over the enthronement ceremony of the 14th Dalai Lama. Lhamo Thondup's enthronement as the 14th Dalai Lama owed its legality to the central government's regulations on the Dalai Lama system, and approvement by the government of the Republic of China. |
| 1949年中華人民共和國(guó)成立后，為爭(zhēng)取和平解放西藏，中央政府組織開(kāi)展了大量的政治爭(zhēng)取工作。1950年11月，西藏地方政府主張親帝和分裂的攝政達(dá)扎·阿旺松饒被迫下臺(tái)，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)提前親政，新中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對(duì)他表示祝賀。在中央政府民族平等政策與和平解放西藏方針的感召下，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)和西藏地方政府派出以阿沛·阿旺晉美為首席代表的代表團(tuán)到北京談判。西藏實(shí)現(xiàn)和平解放后，中央人民政府駐藏代表帶著新中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人毛澤東寫(xiě)的親筆信抵達(dá)中印邊境小城亞?wèn)|，勸導(dǎo)在那里觀(guān)望形勢(shì)的十四世達(dá)賴(lài)返回拉薩。新中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在信中指出：“這個(gè)協(xié)議是符合西藏民族和人民的利益，同時(shí)也符合于全中國(guó)各族人民的利益。從此西藏地方政府和西藏人民在偉大祖國(guó)大家庭中，在中央人民政府統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，得以永遠(yuǎn)擺脫帝國(guó)主義的羈絆和異族的壓迫，站起來(lái)，為西藏人民自己的事業(yè)而努力。我希望你領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的西藏地方政府認(rèn)真實(shí)行關(guān)于和平解放西藏辦法的協(xié)議，盡力幫助人民解放軍和平開(kāi)進(jìn)西藏地區(qū)?！?月21日，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)啟程返回拉薩。10月24日，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)代表西藏地方政府公開(kāi)聲明完全接受《十七條協(xié)議》。 | After the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, the central government invested extensive efforts to achieve the peaceful liberation of Tibet. In November 1950, the pro-imperialist separatist Regent Taktra Ngawang Sungrab was forced to resign. The 14th Dalai Lama assumed power and won congratulations from the leadership of New China. Inspired by the central government's policy of equality of all ethnic groups and the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the 14th Dalai Lama and the local government of Tibet sent a delegation led by Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme to Beijing for talks with the central government. After Tibet was peacefully liberated, the 14th Dalai Lama waited at Dromo in Tibet, near the Indian frontier, to see how events would proceed. A representative of the Central People's Government arrived with a letter written by Mao Zedong, leader of New China, which tried to persuade the Dalai Lama to return to Lhasa. Chairman Mao pointed out in his letter, "The Agreement is in the interests of the Tibetan ethnic group and its people as well as that of people of all other ethnic groups of China. Henceforth, the local government and people of Tibet, as part of the greater family of the motherland under the unified leadership of the Central People's Government, will forever break free from the shackles of imperialism and foreign oppression, and stand up to strive for the cause of the people in Tibet. I hope that the local government of Tibet, with you in charge, will seriously implement the Agreement on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet and do its best to help the People's Liberation Army enter Tibet peacefully." On July 21, the 14th Dalai Lama left Dromo for Lhasa. On October 24, on behalf of the local government of Tibet, he made a public statement accepting in full the 17-Article Agreement. |
| ——西藏和平解放后，中央政府尊重十四世達(dá)賴(lài)的固有地位，給予其崇高榮譽(yù)并積極爭(zhēng)取他為建設(shè)新中國(guó)作貢獻(xiàn)，但他當(dāng)面一套，背后又是一套 | - After the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the central government recognized the established status of the 14th Dalai Lama, treating him with great respect and encouraging him to contribute to the building of New China. However, he betrayed these efforts; his co-operation proved to be a pretence. |
| 《十七條協(xié)議》規(guī)定：“達(dá)賴(lài)?yán)锏墓逃械匚缓吐殭?quán)，中央亦不予變更”。和平解放后，中央政府給予十四世達(dá)賴(lài)很高的政治待遇。1953年，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)當(dāng)選為全國(guó)佛教協(xié)會(huì)名譽(yù)會(huì)長(zhǎng)。1954年，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)參加中華人民共和國(guó)第一屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第一次會(huì)議，討論國(guó)家大事，擁護(hù)和贊成第一部憲法草案。十四世達(dá)賴(lài)在會(huì)上發(fā)言，充分肯定三年多來(lái)執(zhí)行《十七條協(xié)議》取得的成績(jī)，對(duì)民族區(qū)域自治的原則和規(guī)定表示熱烈擁護(hù)。他還說(shuō)：“敵人造謠共產(chǎn)黨、人民政府毀滅宗教，現(xiàn)在這種謠言已經(jīng)完全破產(chǎn)了，西藏人民已經(jīng)切身地體會(huì)到在宗教信仰上是有自由的。”在這次會(huì)議上，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)當(dāng)選為第一屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)副委員長(zhǎng)，這是西藏地方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人歷史上在中央政府擔(dān)任的最高職務(wù)。在北京期間，新中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人多次接見(jiàn)十四世達(dá)賴(lài)，與他談心。十四世達(dá)賴(lài)撰寫(xiě)《毛主席頌》，歌頌新中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人毛澤東的豐功偉績(jī)。1956年，西藏自治區(qū)籌備委員會(huì)成立，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)擔(dān)任籌委會(huì)主任。他在籌備委員會(huì)成立大會(huì)上致辭時(shí)表示，《十七條協(xié)議》使西藏人民“充分享受到民族平等的一切權(quán)利，開(kāi)始走上了自由幸福的光明大道”，“自治區(qū)籌委會(huì)的成立，不僅是適時(shí)的，而且是必要的”。在執(zhí)行《十七條協(xié)議》、人民解放軍進(jìn)藏、十世班禪返藏、自治區(qū)籌委會(huì)成立等問(wèn)題上，他一度做出了積極姿態(tài)。 | The 17-Article Agreement stipulates, "The central authorities will not alter the established status, functions and powers of the Dalai Lama." After the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the central government recognized the political status of the 14th Dalai Lama and treated him with great respect. In 1953, he became the honorary president of the Buddhist Association of China. In 1954, he participated in the discussion on state affairs at the First Session of the First National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China and upheld the draft of the country's first Constitution. At the meeting, the 14th Dalai Lama spoke highly of the success achieved over the previous three years and more since the conclusion of the 17-Article Agreement and expressed strong support for the principles and rules of regional ethnic autonomy. He also said, "The enemy has been spreading the rumor that the Communist Party and the People's Government destroyed religions. This strategy has collapsed and the people of Tibet now enjoy religious freedom." At the session, the 14th Dalai Lama was elected by the meeting a vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the First National People's Congress, the highest central government position ever held by a local leader of Tibet. During his stay in Beijing, central government leaders held frank and genial talks with him on many occasions. The 14th Dalai Lama wrote the Ode to Chairman Mao to extol the great accomplishments of Mao Zedong. In 1956, the Preparatory Committee for the Tibet Autonomous Region was founded and chaired by the 14th Dalai Lama. In his speech at the inaugurating ceremony, he reaffirmed that the 17-Article Agreement "had enabled the Tibetan people to enjoy in full all rights of ethnic equality and to embark on a bright road of freedom and happiness," and hailed the founding of the Preparatory Committee as "timely and necessary." For a time, he showed a positive attitude towards the implementation of the 17-Article Agreement, the PLA's entry into Tibet, the 10th Panchen Erdeni's return to Tibet, and the founding of the Preparatory Committee. |
| 然而，在分裂分子和帝國(guó)主義勢(shì)力的拉攏和支持下，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)罔顧作為佛教徒的基本戒律和倫理，辜負(fù)中央政府的期望，對(duì)中央政府陽(yáng)奉陰違，暗中從事分裂國(guó)家活動(dòng)。1959年，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)集團(tuán)為抗拒廢除農(nóng)奴制的民主改革，撕毀《十七條協(xié)議》，發(fā)動(dòng)全面武裝叛亂。對(duì)于十四世達(dá)賴(lài)的兩面派手法，中央政府早有洞察。新中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人毛澤東指出：“達(dá)賴(lài)要叛亂的陰謀從1955年由北京回去就開(kāi)始了。1957年初他從印度回來(lái)，到1958年布置了兩年?！笔氖肋_(dá)賴(lài)對(duì)自己陽(yáng)奉陰違的做法直言不諱，他在1965年曾稱(chēng)，在1951年至1959年的九年間，“一邊在口頭上說(shuō)我們?yōu)槟芑氐阶鎳?guó)大家庭而高興，為能同祖國(guó)大家庭中的人民一道建設(shè)社會(huì)主義社會(huì)而高興之類(lèi)的話(huà)的時(shí)候，在心中也隱藏著一句話(huà)”，“此話(huà)就是：西藏要自由獨(dú)立”。 | However, through the machinations of separatists and imperialist forces, the 14th Dalai Lama turned away from the basic discipline and ethics of Buddhism and betrayed the hopes the central government had placed in him, secretly engaging in separatist activities while feigning loyalty to the central government in public. In 1959, he and his supporters tore up the 17-Article Agreement, rejected the democratic reform of abolishing serfdom, and instigated a full-scale armed rebellion. The central government had already begun to see through this double-dealing. As Chairman Mao Zedong pointed out, "The Dalai Lama's plans to launch a rebellion started just after his return from Beijing in 1955. He prepared this rebellion for two years - from early 1957, when he returned from India, to 1958." In 1965, the 14th Dalai Lama spoke publicly about his feigned compliance during the nine years from 1951 to 1959, "We paid lip service to being glad to return to the motherland and to working together to build a socialist society, while we kept an unspoken faith in our heart - 'Tibet wants freedom and independence'." |
| ——發(fā)動(dòng)武裝叛亂后，中央政府對(duì)十四世達(dá)賴(lài)仁至義盡，在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)仍采取耐心等待的態(tài)度，但他在背叛祖國(guó)的道路上越走越遠(yuǎn) | - After the armed rebellion broke out, the central government showed extreme forbearance and waited for a time with an attitude of patience, but the 14th Dalai Lama went further and further down the road of dividing China. |
| 西藏發(fā)生武裝叛亂后，中國(guó)人民解放軍在西藏各族人民的擁護(hù)和支持下，迅速平息了叛亂，同時(shí)開(kāi)展了民主改革運(yùn)動(dòng)。對(duì)十四世達(dá)賴(lài)的叛逃，中央政府決定不加阻攔，并以其被劫持的說(shuō)法，為其留有余地。同時(shí)，對(duì)他采取了耐心等待的態(tài)度，他的全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)副委員長(zhǎng)職務(wù)一直保留到1964年。1959年10月，新中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人毛澤東在同印度共產(chǎn)黨代表團(tuán)談話(huà)時(shí)說(shuō)：“如果達(dá)賴(lài)贊成我們的主張，我們希望達(dá)賴(lài)回來(lái)。只要贊成兩條，第一，西藏是中國(guó)的一部分，第二，在西藏要進(jìn)行民主改革和社會(huì)主義改革，他就可以回來(lái)。” | With the support and cooperation of people of all the ethnic groups in Tibet, the PLA quickly put down the armed rebellion and enforced democratic reform. The central government decided not to prevent the 14th Dalai Lama from fleeing abroad, even allowing him some leeway by announcing that he had been abducted. The central authorities adopted an attitude of patience, and preserved his position as a vice-chairman of the NPC Standing Committee until 1964. In his talks with a delegation from the Indian Communist Party in October 1959, Chairman Mao Zedong said, "We will welcome the Dalai Lama's return if he accepts our two propositions. One is that Tibet is part of China and the other is that he will carry out democratic and socialist reform in Tibet." |
| 然而，叛逃后的十四世達(dá)賴(lài)在叛國(guó)途中即公開(kāi)撕毀《十七條協(xié)議》，矢口否認(rèn)其曾經(jīng)表示的愛(ài)國(guó)立場(chǎng)和作出的愛(ài)國(guó)承諾，公然與中央政府決裂，走上背叛國(guó)家和民族的道路。1959年6月，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)在印度穆索里發(fā)表聲明，聲稱(chēng)“西藏實(shí)際上一向是獨(dú)立的”。1963年，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)在印度達(dá)蘭薩拉召開(kāi)“西藏人民代表大會(huì)”，成立所謂“西藏流亡政府”，頒布所謂“憲法”，規(guī)定“由達(dá)賴(lài)任國(guó)家元首”，“大臣由達(dá)賴(lài)任命”，“政府的一切工作均由達(dá)賴(lài)同意方被認(rèn)可”。 | However, the 14th Dalai Lama publicly abandoned the 17-Article Agreement during his defection and flatly denied his previous patriotic stance and his promise of loyalty to China. He openly broke with the central government, taking a path of betraying the Chinese nation. In June 1959, he issued a statement in Mussoorie, India, claiming that Tibet had in fact been an independent country. In 1963, he convened a "people's congress of Tibet" in Dharamsala, India, which established the "Tibetan government in exile." A so-called "constitution" was promulgated, which states that "the Dalai Lama is the head of state," "the ministers shall be appointed by the Dalai Lama," and "no work of the government shall be approved without the consent of the Dalai Lama." |
| 1964年12月17日，中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院第151次全體會(huì)議通過(guò)《關(guān)于撤消達(dá)賴(lài)職務(wù)的決定》，指出：“達(dá)賴(lài)在1959年發(fā)動(dòng)叛國(guó)的反革命武裝叛亂，逃亡國(guó)外后，組織流亡偽政府，公布偽憲法，支持印度反動(dòng)派對(duì)我國(guó)的侵略，并且積極組織和訓(xùn)練逃往國(guó)外的殘余叛亂武裝騷擾祖國(guó)邊境。這一切證明他早已自絕于祖國(guó)和人民，是一個(gè)死心塌地為帝國(guó)主義和外國(guó)反動(dòng)派作工具的叛國(guó)分子?！?/td> | On December 17, 1964, the 151st Plenary Meeting of the State Council adopted the Decision on the Removal of the Dalai Lama from His Official Positions, which stated, "After the Dalai Lama staged the treasonous armed rebellion in 1959, he fled abroad and organized a 'government-in-exile,' issued a bogus constitution, provided support for Indian aggression against Chinese territory, and engaged in the organization and training of remnants of Tibet's armed forces who had fled abroad with the object of attacking our borders. All this proves that he has alienated himself from the country and the people, and been reduced to a traitor working for imperialists and reactionaries abroad." |
| ——中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放后，中央政府為十四世達(dá)賴(lài)改正錯(cuò)誤指明出路，提出了“愛(ài)國(guó)一家，愛(ài)國(guó)不分先后”的方針，但他始終圍繞“西藏獨(dú)立”兜圈子 | - After the start of reform and opening up, the central government offered the 14th Dalai Lama an opportunity to repent his way by adopting the policy that "all patriots belong to one big family, whether they embrace patriotism earlier or later." But he chose to maintain his support for "Tibetan independence." |
| 愛(ài)國(guó)是中央政府對(duì)十四世達(dá)賴(lài)和海外藏胞提出的一個(gè)基本要求。為增進(jìn)十四世達(dá)賴(lài)和海外藏胞對(duì)祖國(guó)建設(shè)成就的了解，從1979年8月到1980年9月，中央政府有關(guān)部門(mén)接待了十四世達(dá)賴(lài)先后派出的三批參觀(guān)團(tuán)和兩批親屬回國(guó)參觀(guān)。十四世達(dá)賴(lài)在國(guó)外的大部分親屬曾回國(guó)參觀(guān)、探親。令人遺憾的是，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)非但沒(méi)有接受中央的善意和提供的寶貴機(jī)遇，反而頑固堅(jiān)持“藏獨(dú)”立場(chǎng)，變本加厲地進(jìn)行分裂破壞活動(dòng)，喪失了與中央政府和解的時(shí)機(jī)。十四世達(dá)賴(lài)派出的回國(guó)參觀(guān)團(tuán)利用中央政府“來(lái)去自由”政策，四處鼓吹“西藏獨(dú)立”，煽動(dòng)民族仇恨，非法干擾和破壞社會(huì)正常的生產(chǎn)生活秩序。 | Patriotism is a basic requirement of the central government raised on the 14th Dalai Lama and other overseas Tibetans. From August 1979 to September 1980, the relevant central government departments received three visiting delegations and two groups of relatives sent by the Dalai Lama. Most of the Dalai Lama's kin residing abroad have made return visits to China. Regretfully, the Dalai Lama did not draw on the goodwill of the central government. Instead, he stubbornly stuck to his stance and further intensified his separatist activities, wasting the valuable opportunity the central government had provided for reconciliation. In fact, the visiting groups sent by the Dalai Lama took advantage of the central government's policy of free movement in and out of the country to circulate and advocate independence, inciting hatred among ethnic groups, and disturbing and disrupting the social order. |
| 從1979年開(kāi)始，中央政府應(yīng)十四世達(dá)賴(lài)方面的請(qǐng)求，開(kāi)始不定期地與十四世達(dá)賴(lài)的私人代表進(jìn)行接觸商談。1979年2月，中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人鄧小平在接見(jiàn)十四世達(dá)賴(lài)的二哥嘉樂(lè)頓珠時(shí)就達(dá)賴(lài)回國(guó)問(wèn)題指出，“西藏是中國(guó)的一部分，他們回國(guó)只能作為內(nèi)部問(wèn)題來(lái)談，不能作為國(guó)家與國(guó)家對(duì)話(huà)，這是根本問(wèn)題”?！爸灰_(dá)賴(lài)公開(kāi)承認(rèn)西藏是中國(guó)的一部分，就可以與中央對(duì)話(huà)，愛(ài)國(guó)不分先后。根本問(wèn)題是西藏是中國(guó)的一部分，對(duì)與不對(duì)，要用這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)判斷”。 | Responding to a request from the 14th Dalai Lama, in 1979 the central government began to conduct talks with his private representatives on an irregular basis. In February 1979, in his meeting with Dalai Lama's elder brother Gyalo Thondup, Deng Xiaoping spoke about a possible return to China: "As Tibet is part of China, the discussion on their return is a domestic affair rather than a negotiation between countries. This is the fundamental principle... The central government is willing to talk with the Dalai Lama as long as he openly admits that Tibet is part of China. Anyone is welcome, whether he embraces patriotism earlier or later. Essentially Tibet is part of China. This is the criterion for judging right or wrong." |
| 1989年后，隨著蘇聯(lián)、東歐形勢(shì)發(fā)生劇變，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)錯(cuò)誤地估計(jì)形勢(shì)，宣稱(chēng)“西藏獨(dú)立的日子即將來(lái)臨”，聲稱(chēng)“不和一個(gè)即將垮臺(tái)的政權(quán)談判”。1989年十世班禪大師圓寂后，經(jīng)中央政府同意，中國(guó)佛教協(xié)會(huì)邀請(qǐng)達(dá)賴(lài)回國(guó)參加班禪大師的追悼活動(dòng)。十四世達(dá)賴(lài)拒絕了這次邀請(qǐng)。1993年，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)單方面宣布中斷與中央政府的接觸。1995年，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)公然否定歷史定制和宗教儀軌，認(rèn)定其所謂的十世班禪轉(zhuǎn)世靈童。 | Following the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in 1989, the 14th Dalai Lama misread the situation and declared, "The time for Tibetan independence is coming," and committed "not to negotiate with a collapsing regime." In 1989, the 10th Panchen Erdeni passed away. With the approval of the central government, the Buddhist Association of China invited the Dalai Lama to attend the Panchen Erdeni's memorial ceremonies. But, he rejected the invitation. In 1993, he unilaterally decided to break off contact with the central government. In 1995, in defiance of the historical traditions and religious rites, he announced the so-called reincarnation of the 10th Panchen Erdeni. |
| 即使如此，中央政府仍然向十四世達(dá)賴(lài)指明出路。1997年，中央政府指出：“只要達(dá)賴(lài)真正放棄分裂祖國(guó)的立場(chǎng)，停止分裂祖國(guó)的活動(dòng)，公開(kāi)承認(rèn)西藏是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分，承認(rèn)臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分，承認(rèn)中華人民共和國(guó)政府是代表全中國(guó)的唯一合法政府，就可以與達(dá)賴(lài)?yán)锞推鋫€(gè)人前途問(wèn)題進(jìn)行接觸商談?！逼駷橹梗醒肴詧?jiān)持這一基本原則。2003年，中央再次指出：在西藏要堅(jiān)持中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義制度，堅(jiān)持民族區(qū)域自治制度。“三個(gè)堅(jiān)持”是中國(guó)憲法明確規(guī)定的，是西藏最大的政治現(xiàn)實(shí)，也是接觸商談的根本政治原則。中央一再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)，接觸商談的兩個(gè)基本點(diǎn)是：第一，接觸的對(duì)象只能是達(dá)賴(lài)?yán)锏乃饺舜??！傲魍稣?，不管名稱(chēng)如何變化，由誰(shuí)掌管，都只是一個(gè)背叛祖國(guó)的分裂主義政治集團(tuán)，代表不了西藏人民，沒(méi)有任何合法性，沒(méi)有任何同中央“對(duì)話(huà)”的資格。第二，接談的內(nèi)容只能是達(dá)賴(lài)?yán)锏膫€(gè)人前途問(wèn)題，至多加上他身邊個(gè)別人前途問(wèn)題，也就是達(dá)賴(lài)?yán)锶绾螐氐追艞壏至阎髁x主張和行為，爭(zhēng)取中央和全國(guó)人民諒解，以解決其余生怎么辦的問(wèn)題，西藏的政治地位和政治制度是中國(guó)憲法和法律規(guī)定的，根本不可能討論什么“西藏問(wèn)題”、“高度自治”問(wèn)題。 | Nevertheless, the central government continued to offer solutions. In 1997, the central authorities stated, "The central government is willing to contact and negotiate with the 14th Dalai Lama over his own future as long as he genuinely abandons separatism and any activities likely to divide the country, and openly admits that Tibet and Taiwan are inalienable parts of China and that the government of the People's Republic of China is the only legitimate government representing China." The central government has continued to follow these basic principles to this day. In 2003, the central government made it clear that the leadership of the Communist Party, the socialist road and the system of regional ethnic autonomy should be upheld in Tibet. These are stipulated in the Constitution and are the paramount political facts in Tibet as well as the fundamental principles for contact and negotiation. The central government emphasized two premises for contact and negotiation. One is that the central government will only talk with private representatives of the Dalai Lama. No matter what it is called or who is in charge, the "government in exile" is essentially a separatist political group, cannot represent the people of Tibet, and does not have the legitimacy or qualifications to engage in talks with the central government. The other is that the talks are aimed at discussing the future of the Dalai Lama and some of his followers at most. To be specific, any negotiations will be limited to seeking solutions for the Dalai Lama to completely abandon separatist claims and activities and gain the forgiveness of the central government and the Chinese people, and to working out what he will do with the rest of his life. As the political status and system of Tibet is stipulated by the Chinese Constitution and laws, the "Tibet issue" and "a high degree of autonomy" are not up for discussion. |
| 從1979年至2002年，中央政府13次接待十四世達(dá)賴(lài)的私人代表，2002年至2010年1月，又10次同意他們回國(guó)。然而，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)屢屢辜負(fù)中央期望，不但始終堅(jiān)持“中間道路”那一套違反中國(guó)憲法、實(shí)質(zhì)分裂祖國(guó)的主張，而且策劃制造了暴力干擾北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)、拉薩“3·14”事件和自焚事件等破壞活動(dòng)。2011年，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)宣布政治“退休”，與中央政府接觸的私人代表不久也宣布辭職。此后，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)集團(tuán)公然宣稱(chēng)以所謂“政府”名義與中央政府進(jìn)行談判，公然破壞接觸商談基礎(chǔ)，造成接觸商談無(wú)法進(jìn)行。 | The central government received 13 visits by private representatives of the 14th Dalai Lama between 1979 and 2002, and ten visits from 2002 to January 2010. To the disappointment of the central government, the Dalai Lama has remained committed to his "middle way," which runs counter to the Constitution and aims at splitting the country. Moreover, he has planned and instigated activities of sabotage, including violent disturbance during the Beijing Olympic Games, violence in Lhasa on March 14, 2008, and incidents of self-immolation. In 2011, the Dalai Lama announced his "political retirement," followed shortly by the announcement of "resignation" by his private representatives who had kept contact with the central government. Since then, the Dalai group has declared that it would only talk with the central government in the name of the "government-in-exile," thereby destroying any basis for contacts and negotiation, which have now been halted. |
| 30多年來(lái)，十四世達(dá)賴(lài)集團(tuán)根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)的變化，不斷改變、調(diào)整策略，幾次擅自終止與中央的接觸商談。當(dāng)他們認(rèn)為國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)對(duì)其不利時(shí)，就要求與中央進(jìn)行接觸；當(dāng)他們認(rèn)為國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)對(duì)其有利時(shí)，就中止與中央的接觸。即使是在接觸的過(guò)程中，他們也始終圍繞“西藏獨(dú)立”兜圈子，始終沒(méi)有停止在國(guó)內(nèi)外的分裂祖國(guó)活動(dòng)。 | Over the past 30 years and more, the Dalai Lama and his supporters have adjusted and altered their strategies along with changes in the national and international situation. They have unilaterally broken off contacts and negotiation with the central government on several occasions. When they thought the situation was working to their disadvantage, they would call for contacts with the central government; when they thought the situation was in their favor, they would break off these contacts. None of the negotiations were conducted in good faith - it was always the intention of the Dalai Lama and his supporters to divide China and achieve independence for Tibet. |
| 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第十八次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)以來(lái)，以習(xí)近平同志為總書(shū)記的黨中央再次重申，“中央對(duì)十四世達(dá)賴(lài)本人的政策是一貫的、明確的，達(dá)賴(lài)只有公開(kāi)聲明西藏自古以來(lái)就是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分，放棄‘西藏獨(dú)立’的立場(chǎng)，停止分裂祖國(guó)的活動(dòng)，才談得上改善與中央的關(guān)系?！敝醒胝Ｍ氖肋_(dá)賴(lài)?yán)镌谟猩昴軌騺G掉幻想，正視現(xiàn)實(shí)，改正錯(cuò)誤，選擇客觀(guān)理性道路，為流亡海外的藏族同胞做些有益的事。 | Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the central leadership led by President Xi Jinping has reiterated, "The central government has followed a clear and consistent policy towards the 14th Dalai Lama. Only when he makes a public statement acknowledging that Tibet has been an integral part of China since antiquity, and abandons his stance on independence and his attempts to divide China, can he improve his relationship with the central government in any real sense." The central government hopes that the Dalai Lama will put aside his illusions in his remaining years and face up to reality, adapt his position, choose the objective and rational path, and do something of benefit to overseas Tibetan compatriots in exile. |
| 跳轉(zhuǎn)至目錄 >> | Back to Contents >> |
Go to Forum >>0 Comment(s)
No comments.
