《中國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸發(fā)展》白皮書(shū)
White Paper: Development of China's Transport
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調(diào)整字號(hào)大小: 
| 四、對(duì)外開(kāi)放與國(guó)際合作 | IV. Opening up and International Cooperation |
| 中國(guó)政府大力推進(jìn)與國(guó)際間的互聯(lián)互通，在擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放的同時(shí)，不斷深化與世界合作，構(gòu)建了全方位、多層次、多渠道的交通運(yùn)輸對(duì)外開(kāi)放和國(guó)際合作新格局。 | The Chinese government proactively enhances its connectivity with the world community, continuing to open up to and deepening its cooperation with the rest of the world. An all-dimensional, multi-layer and multi-channel framework has been formed in transport as regards opening up to the outside world and international cooperation. |
| （一）國(guó)際客貨運(yùn)輸 | 1. International Passenger and Freight Transport |
| 加強(qiáng)國(guó)際互聯(lián)互通。截至2015年年底，中國(guó)與周邊14個(gè)國(guó)家中的5個(gè)國(guó)家有鐵路聯(lián)通，有11個(gè)鐵路口岸，開(kāi)行多條通往歐洲和亞洲國(guó)家的中歐、中亞鐵路集裝箱班列，常年開(kāi)通的邊境公路口岸基本通二級(jí)及以上公路，一批具有國(guó)際物流功能的物流園區(qū)和貨運(yùn)場(chǎng)站建成運(yùn)營(yíng)。積極推動(dòng)航運(yùn)國(guó)際和區(qū)域合作，中老緬泰共同推進(jìn)瀾滄江－湄公河國(guó)際航運(yùn)開(kāi)發(fā)。民航利用代碼共享、航空聯(lián)盟、航線聯(lián)營(yíng)、股權(quán)合作等方式，優(yōu)化國(guó)際航線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，不斷提升航班頻次和通達(dá)性。2015年國(guó)際及港澳臺(tái)快遞業(yè)務(wù)量達(dá)4.3億件，快遞企業(yè)服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓展至海外市場(chǎng)。加強(qiáng)與“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家合作，積極推動(dòng)交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通和運(yùn)輸便利化。2015年，通過(guò)各種交通運(yùn)輸方式出境旅游的人次達(dá)1.2億。 | Strengthening international connectivity. By the end of 2015 China had established railway connections with five of its 14 neighboring countries, with 11 railway crossing points. Multiple container trains operate on railways to Central Europe and Central Asia; highway crossing points in border areas, open around the year, are connected to roads at Grade II or above; and a group of logistics parks and cargo operation centers capable of handling international logistics have been put into use. China actively promotes international and regional cooperation in shipping, and is jointly pushing forward the navigation development of the Lancang-Mekong River with Laos, Myanmar and Thailand. Through code-sharing, airline alliance, joint operation of air routes and equity cooperation, China' s civil aviation is striving to improve its international flight network, increase the number of flights and expand its operational scope. In 2015 Chinese express delivery services extended their networks overseas, with 430 million items of mail delivered to international destinations as well as to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. At the same time, China is strengthening cooperation with countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative, actively pushing forward the interconnectivity of transport infrastructure and enhancing transport convenience. In 2015 Chinese citizens made some 120 million trips overseas via various means of transport. |
| 支撐對(duì)外貿(mào)易。中國(guó)是世界貿(mào)易大國(guó)，交通運(yùn)輸加快發(fā)展為中國(guó)加快構(gòu)建全方位開(kāi)放新格局、提升國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力提供了重要保障。海上運(yùn)輸承擔(dān)了90%以上的外貿(mào)貨物運(yùn)輸量以及98%的進(jìn)口鐵礦石、91%的進(jìn)口原油、92%的進(jìn)口煤炭和99%的進(jìn)口糧食運(yùn)輸量，成為加快發(fā)展外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要支撐。中歐班列快速發(fā)展，已成為國(guó)際貨物聯(lián)運(yùn)的重要組成部分。 | Supporting foreign trade. China is a major trading nation, and the quickened development of its transport provides a strong basis for building a new multi-dimensional structure of opening up and for enhancing China's competitiveness internationally. An important pillar for developing an export-oriented economy, China's maritime transport carries 90 percent of the country's foreign trade cargo, 98 percent of imported iron ore, 91 percent of imported crude oil, 92 percent of imported coal and 99 percent of imported grain. Trains between China and Europe have become an important component of international through freight traffic. |
| （二）國(guó)際交流合作與對(duì)外開(kāi)放 | 2. International Exchanges and Cooperation and Opening up |
| 積極參與國(guó)際事務(wù)。中國(guó)政府歷來(lái)重視并積極參與交通運(yùn)輸國(guó)際組織事務(wù)，認(rèn)真履行各項(xiàng)國(guó)際義務(wù)，在鐵路合作組織、國(guó)際海事組織、國(guó)際民用航空組織和萬(wàn)國(guó)郵政聯(lián)盟等重要交通運(yùn)輸國(guó)際組織中發(fā)揮著建設(shè)性作用。作為鐵路合作組織創(chuàng)始國(guó)之一，中國(guó)在各項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范制訂中具有重要影響力；自1972年恢復(fù)在萬(wàn)國(guó)郵政聯(lián)盟合法席位以來(lái)，一直連任郵政經(jīng)營(yíng)理事會(huì)理事國(guó)，并一直當(dāng)選行政理事會(huì)理事國(guó)；自1989年起，已連續(xù)14次當(dāng)選國(guó)際海事組織A類(lèi)理事國(guó)；自2004年起，已連續(xù)5次擔(dān)任國(guó)際民航組織一類(lèi)理事國(guó)；推進(jìn)多雙邊合作和區(qū)域合作，與100多個(gè)國(guó)家簽訂了鐵路、公路、海運(yùn)、民用航空和郵政政府間協(xié)定及雙邊、區(qū)域合作文件；建立了中國(guó)－東盟交通部長(zhǎng)會(huì)議、上海合作組織交通部長(zhǎng)會(huì)議等多個(gè)交通運(yùn)輸合作機(jī)制，倡議成立亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織港口服務(wù)組織。積極履行國(guó)際義務(wù)，支持其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家交通發(fā)展，為亞洲、非洲多個(gè)國(guó)家援建了一批交通工程。 | Actively participating in international affairs. The Chinese government has always valued the role of and actively participated in the activities of international transport organizations. It takes measures to fulfill its obligations, and plays a constructive role in the Organization for Railway Cooperation (OSJD), International Maritime Organization (IMO), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Universal Postal Union (UPU) and other important international transport organizations. As a founder of the OSJD, China has made great contribution in formulating the organization's various standards and regulations. China has served as member of both the UPU's Postal Operations Council and Council of Administration since it resumed its legitimate seat at the organization in 1972. It has been elected 14 times as a category-A member of the IMO Council since 1989, and five times as a category-A member of the ICAO Council since 2004. China actively promotes bilateral and regional cooperation. It has signed intergovernmental agreements and bilateral and regional documents on railway, highway, maritime transport, civil aviation and postal service cooperation with more than 100 countries. Several transport cooperation mechanisms have been set up, such as the China-ASEAN and Shanghai Cooperation Organization transport ministers' meetings, and a proposal has been made by China to establish a seaport service organization for APEC. China actively fulfills its international obligations, supports the transport development of other developing countries, and has aided the construction of a series of transport projects in Asia and Africa. |
| 不斷擴(kuò)大對(duì)外開(kāi)放。交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)是中國(guó)最早對(duì)外開(kāi)放的行業(yè)之一。1979年，原交通部駐港企業(yè)招商局在深圳創(chuàng)辦蛇口工業(yè)區(qū)，在全國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的棋盤(pán)上先行一步。1984年國(guó)家設(shè)立14個(gè)沿海開(kāi)放城市，沿海港口成為對(duì)外開(kāi)放的“窗口”。目前在交通運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域，除了鐵路干線和民用機(jī)場(chǎng)的建設(shè)經(jīng)營(yíng)要求中方控股外，所有公路橋梁、港口碼頭、其他鐵路和城市軌道對(duì)外資不設(shè)限。在運(yùn)輸服務(wù)領(lǐng)域，公路貨運(yùn)、國(guó)際集裝箱多式聯(lián)運(yùn)、國(guó)際海運(yùn)輔助服務(wù)完全放開(kāi)。 | Continuing to expand the scope of opening up. The transport industry was one of China' s first industries to open to the outside world. In 1979 the China Merchants Group, then under the administration of China's former Ministry of Transport, founded the Shekou Industrial Zone in Shenzhen, taking the first step in the country's opening-up initiative. In 1984 the Chinese government opened 14 coastal cities, and coastal ports became windows opened to the rest of the world. Today, in the area of transport infrastructure, except railway arteries and civil airports, all highways, bridges, ports, other types of railways and urban rail tracks are open to foreign capital as far as construction and operation is concerned. There is no limit on foreign capital for transport services such as highway freight, international container multimodal transport, and supporting services for international maritime transport. |
| 加快“走出去”步伐。中國(guó)鐵路、交通工程建設(shè)和港口運(yùn)營(yíng)領(lǐng)域等向全世界展示了雄厚的產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)實(shí)力。中國(guó)的國(guó)際海運(yùn)量占全世界海運(yùn)量的三分之一。中國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸企業(yè)不斷加快“走出去”步伐，正在從傳統(tǒng)勞務(wù)輸出和工程承包向資本輸出、技術(shù)輸出、管理輸出、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出轉(zhuǎn)變，業(yè)務(wù)涉及交通運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、港口經(jīng)營(yíng)、遠(yuǎn)洋運(yùn)輸、交通運(yùn)輸裝備、船舶檢驗(yàn)、航海教育等眾多領(lǐng)域。 | Quickening the pace of Chinese enterprises' "going global." China has exhibited a strong competitive edge in the areas of railway building, transport projects and port operation. China transports one third of the total global maritime cargo. China's transport businesses are quickening their steps of "going global," and are transforming themselves from traditional labor export and project contracting entities to exporters of capital, technology, management and standards in the areas of transport infrastructure, port operation, ocean transport, transport equipment, ship inspection and maritime training. |
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