《中國的亞太安全合作政策》白皮書
White Paper: China's Policies on Asia-Pacific Security Cooperation
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| 四、中國在地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)問題上的立場和主張 | IV. China's Positions and Views on Regional Hotspot Issues |
| （一）朝鮮半島核問題。中國在半島核問題上的立場一貫而明確，堅(jiān)持實(shí)現(xiàn)半島無核化，堅(jiān)持維護(hù)半島和平穩(wěn)定，堅(jiān)持通過對話協(xié)商解決問題。長期以來，中國為推進(jìn)半島無核化進(jìn)程、維護(hù)半島和平穩(wěn)定大局、推動(dòng)盡早重啟六方會(huì)談作出不懈努力。朝鮮2016年1月和9月兩次核試并多次試射各種類型彈道導(dǎo)彈，違反安理會(huì)決議，與國際社會(huì)的期待背道而馳。中國政府對此堅(jiān)決反對，并支持安理會(huì)通過相關(guān)決議，以阻遏朝鮮在核武開發(fā)的道路上越走越遠(yuǎn)。中國將繼續(xù)與國際社會(huì)一道，為推進(jìn)半島無核化、實(shí)現(xiàn)半島及東北亞長治久安作出不懈努力。同時(shí)，其他各方不能放棄復(fù)談的努力，不能放棄對半島和平穩(wěn)定承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。 | 1. Nuclear Issue on the Korean Peninsula China's position on the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue is consistent and clear-cut. China is committed to the denuclearization of the peninsula, its peace and stability, and settlement of the issue through dialogue and consultation. Over the years, China has made tremendous efforts to facilitate the process of denuclearization of the peninsula, safeguard the overall peace and stability there, and realize an early resumption of the Six-Party Talks. In January and September this year the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) conducted two nuclear tests and launched missiles of various types, violating UN Security Council resolutions and running counter to the wishes of the international community. China has made clear its opposition to such actions and supported the relevant Security Council resolutions to prevent the DPRK's further pursuit of nuclear weapons. China will continue to work with the international community and strive for denuclearization and long-term peace and stability of the peninsula and of Northeast Asia as a whole. At the same time, other parties concerned should not give up the efforts to resume talks or their responsibilities to safeguard peace and stability on the peninsula. |
| （二）反導(dǎo)問題。反導(dǎo)問題事關(guān)全球戰(zhàn)略穩(wěn)定和大國互信。中國一貫認(rèn)為，應(yīng)慎重處理反導(dǎo)問題，搞冷戰(zhàn)式的軍事同盟、構(gòu)筑全球和地區(qū)反導(dǎo)體系，既不利于構(gòu)建戰(zhàn)略穩(wěn)定與互信，也不利于構(gòu)建包容性的全球及地區(qū)安全格局。各國既要考慮本國安全利益，也要尊重別國安全關(guān)切，遵循維護(hù)全球戰(zhàn)略穩(wěn)定和各國安全不受減損的原則，共同營造和平穩(wěn)定、平等互信、合作共贏的國際安全環(huán)境。 | 2. Anti-Ballistic Missile Issue The anti-ballistic missile issue concerns global strategic stability and mutual trust among major countries. China always holds the view that the anti-ballistic missile issue should be treated with discretion. Forming Cold War style military alliances and building global and regional anti-ballistic missile systems will be detrimental to strategic stability and mutual trust, as well as to the development of an inclusive global and regional security framework. Countries should respect other countries' security concerns while pursuing their own security interests, and follow the principle of maintaining global strategic stability without compromising the security of any country so as to jointly create a peaceful and stable international security environment featuring equality, mutual trust and mutually beneficial cooperation. |
| 美國和韓國不顧包括中國在內(nèi)有關(guān)國家的明確反對立場，宣布并推進(jìn)在韓國部署“薩德”反導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)。這種做法嚴(yán)重破壞地區(qū)戰(zhàn)略平衡，嚴(yán)重?fù)p害包括中國在內(nèi)的本地區(qū)國家戰(zhàn)略安全利益，與維護(hù)半島和平穩(wěn)定努力背道而馳。中國堅(jiān)決反對美韓在韓國部署“薩德”反導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)，強(qiáng)烈敦促美韓停止有關(guān)進(jìn)程。 | Despite clear opposition from relevant countries including China, the US and the Republic of Korea (ROK) announced the decision to start and accelerate the deployment of the THAAD anti-ballistic missile system in the ROK. Such an act would seriously damage the regional strategic balance and the strategic security interests of China and other countries in the region, and run counter to the efforts for maintaining peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula. China firmly opposes the US and ROK deployment of the THAAD anti-ballistic missile system in the ROK, and strongly urges the US and the ROK to stop this process. |
| （三）阿富汗問題。中國支持阿富汗和平重建，希望看到一個(gè)團(tuán)結(jié)、穩(wěn)定、發(fā)展、同周邊國家和睦相處的阿富汗。2015年以來中國加大對阿富汗援助力度，支持阿富汗政府能力建設(shè)。2015年10月，阿富汗北部發(fā)生7.8級地震后，中國為阿富汗抗震救災(zāi)提供了支持。中國認(rèn)為只有推進(jìn)“阿人主導(dǎo)、阿人所有”的包容性和解進(jìn)程，才是解決阿富汗問題的唯一正確出路。中國將繼續(xù)為推進(jìn)阿富汗和解進(jìn)程發(fā)揮建設(shè)性作用。 | 3. Afghanistan Issue China supports peace and reconstruction in Afghanistan, and hopes to see an Afghanistan that is united, stable, prosperous and at peace with its neighboring countries. Since 2015 China has increased assistance to Afghanistan in support of that government's capacity building. In the wake of a 7.8-magnitude earthquake in northern Afghanistan in October 2015 China provided assistance for disaster-relief efforts. China believes that only an inclusive reconciliation process that is "Afghan-led and Afghan-owned" can provide the ultimate solution to the Afghanistan issue. China will continue to play a constructive role in advancing the reconciliation process in Afghanistan. |
| （四）打擊恐怖主義問題。當(dāng)前，亞太地區(qū)反恐形勢正經(jīng)歷復(fù)雜深刻變化。暴力極端思想加速蔓延，恐怖極端勢力日益活躍，網(wǎng)絡(luò)恐怖主義危害上升，暴恐活動(dòng)多發(fā)頻發(fā)，特別是國際恐怖組織滲透和境外恐怖作戰(zhàn)分子回流問題日益突出，對地區(qū)安全穩(wěn)定構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅。 | 4. Counter-Terrorism Cooperation At present, the counter-terrorism situation in the Asia-Pacific region is undergoing complex and profound changes. The region faces severe security and stability challenges posed by violent and extremist ideologies spreading at an ever-faster pace, more active terrorist and extremist forces, rising threats from cyber terrorism, and frequent violent terrorist activities, in particular the infiltration of international terrorist organizations and the inflow of foreign terrorist fighters. |
| 恐怖主義是國際公害和人類公敵。中國反對一切形式的恐怖主義，主張國際社會(huì)應(yīng)按照《聯(lián)合國憲章》宗旨和原則以及其他公認(rèn)的國際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則，廣泛開展合作，形成合力。主張加強(qiáng)不同文明對話，采取政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、外交等手段綜合治理，標(biāo)本兼治，消除恐怖主義滋生土壤。同時(shí)，在反恐問題上不能搞“雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，不能將恐怖主義與特定的國家、民族、宗教相聯(lián)系。 | Terrorism is a common scourge of the international community and humanity as a whole. The Chinese government opposes terrorism in all forms and calls on the international community to cooperate in fighting terrorism on the basis of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and other universally recognized norms governing international relations. China believes that dialogue among different civilizations should be enhanced and a holistic approach taken to eliminate the breeding grounds of terrorism by addressing both its symptoms and root causes by political, economic and diplomatic means. At the same time, there should be no double standard in fighting terrorism, which should not be associated with any particular country, ethnicity or religion. |
| （五）海上問題。亞太地區(qū)海上形勢總體保持穩(wěn)定，維護(hù)海上和平安全和航行飛越自由是各方共同利益和共識。但非傳統(tǒng)海上安全威脅呈上升之勢，不少海域的生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到破壞，海洋自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā)，溢油、危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品泄漏事故時(shí)有發(fā)生，海盜、偷渡、販毒等活動(dòng)頻發(fā)。部分國家在傳統(tǒng)安全領(lǐng)域存在誤解，互信不足，也給海上安全帶來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 | 5. Maritime Cooperation The overall maritime situation remains stable in the region. It is all parties' common interest and consensus to maintain maritime peace, security and freedom of navigation and overflight. However, non-traditional maritime security threats are on the rise. The ecological environment in many marine areas has been damaged. Marine natural disasters occur frequently, and leaks of oil or hazardous chemicals happen from time to time. In addition, there are often cases of piracy, smuggling and drug trafficking. Misunderstandings and lack of mutual trust among some countries about traditional security issues also pose risks to maritime security. |
| 中國一貫提倡平等、務(wù)實(shí)、共贏的海上安全合作，堅(jiān)持以《聯(lián)合國憲章》的宗旨和原則，公認(rèn)的國際法和現(xiàn)代海洋法，包括《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》所確定的基本原則和法律制度以及和平共處五項(xiàng)原則為處理地區(qū)海上問題的基本準(zhǔn)則，堅(jiān)持合作應(yīng)對海上傳統(tǒng)安全威脅和非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅。維護(hù)海上和平安全是地區(qū)國家的共同責(zé)任，符合各方的共同利益。中國致力于與各方加強(qiáng)合作，共同應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)，維護(hù)海上和平穩(wěn)定。 | China has called for even-handed, practical and mutually beneficial maritime security cooperation. It adheres to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, the fundamental principles and legal system defined by universally recognized international laws and modern maritime laws, including the UNCLOS and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, in dealing with regional maritime issues, and is committed to coping with traditional and non-traditional maritime security threats through cooperation. Maintaining maritime peace and security is the shared responsibility of all countries in the region, and serves the common interests of all parties. China is dedicated to strengthening cooperation and jointly tackling challenges with all relevant parties so as to maintain maritime peace and stability. |
| 中國對南沙群島及其附近海域擁有無可爭辯的主權(quán)。中國始終堅(jiān)持通過談判協(xié)商和平解決爭議，堅(jiān)持通過制定規(guī)則和建立機(jī)制管控爭議，堅(jiān)持通過互利合作實(shí)現(xiàn)共贏，堅(jiān)持維護(hù)南海和平穩(wěn)定及南海航行和飛越自由。中國與東盟國家就南海問題保持密切溝通對話，在全面有效落實(shí)《南海各方行為宣言》框架下深化海上務(wù)實(shí)合作，穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)“南海行為準(zhǔn)則”磋商，不斷取得積極進(jìn)展。中國堅(jiān)決反對個(gè)別國家為一己私利在本地區(qū)挑動(dòng)是非。對于侵犯中國領(lǐng)土主權(quán)和海洋權(quán)益、蓄意挑起事端破壞南海和平穩(wěn)定的挑釁行動(dòng)，中國將不得不作出必要反應(yīng)。任何將南海問題國際化、司法化的做法都無助于爭議的解決，相反只會(huì)增加解決問題的難度，危害地區(qū)和平與穩(wěn)定。 | China has indisputable sovereignty over the Nansha Islands and their adjacent waters. China has always been committed to resolving disputes peacefully through negotiation and consultation, managing disputes by setting rules and establishing mechanisms, realizing mutually beneficial outcomes through cooperation for mutual benefit, and upholding peace and stability as well as freedom of navigation and overflight in the South China Sea. China and the ASEAN countries stay in close communication and dialogue on the South China Sea issue. When fully and effectively implementing the DOC, the two sides have strengthened pragmatic maritime cooperation, steadily advanced the consultations on COC and made positive progress. China resolutely opposes certain countries' provocations of regional disputes for their selfish interests. China is forced to make necessary responses to the provocative actions which infringe on China's territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, and undermine peace and stability in the South China Sea. No effort to internationalize and judicialize the South China Sea issue will be of any avail for its resolution; it will only make it harder to resolve the issue, and endanger regional peace and stability. |
| 中日在東海存在釣魚島問題和海域劃界問題。釣魚島及其附屬島嶼是中國的固有領(lǐng)土，中國對釣魚島的主權(quán)有著充足的歷史和法理依據(jù)。中日就東海有關(guān)問題保持對話，舉行了多輪海洋事務(wù)高級別磋商，圍繞東海?？瘴C(jī)管控、海上執(zhí)法、油氣、科考、漁業(yè)等問題進(jìn)行溝通，達(dá)成多項(xiàng)共識。中方愿繼續(xù)通過對話磋商妥善管控和解決有關(guān)問題。 | Issues concerning the Diaoyu Islands and maritime demarcation in the East China Sea exist between China and Japan. The Diaoyu Islands are an integral part of China's territory. China's sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands has a sufficient historical and legal basis. China and Japan have maintained dialogues on issues related to the East China Sea and held several rounds of high-level consultations. They have had communication and reached consensus on crisis management and control in the air and waters of the East China Sea, maritime law enforcement, oil and gas exploration, scientific research, fisheries and other issues. China is willing to properly manage the situation and resolve related issues through continued dialogue and consultation. |
| 中韓就海域劃界有關(guān)問題廣泛深入交換了意見，并于2015年12月啟動(dòng)海域劃界談判。 | China and the ROK have extensive and in-depth exchanges of views on maritime demarcation, and launched relevant negotiations in December 2015. |
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