《中國的亞太安全合作政策》白皮書
White Paper: China's Policies on Asia-Pacific Security Cooperation
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| 六、中國參與地區(qū)非傳統(tǒng)安全合作 | I. China's Participation in Regional Non-Traditional Security Cooperation |
| （一）救災(zāi)合作。2015年以來，中國繼續(xù)積極參與和推動(dòng)亞太救災(zāi)交流合作，主辦第八屆上合組織成員國緊急救災(zāi)部門領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議、中日韓第三屆災(zāi)害管理桌面推演，與馬來西亞聯(lián)合主辦東盟地區(qū)論壇第四次救災(zāi)演習(xí)，參加第三屆世界減災(zāi)大會(huì)、亞洲減災(zāi)部長級(jí)對(duì)話會(huì)、上合組織成員國緊急救災(zāi)部門國際演練、亞太經(jīng)合組織第九次災(zāi)害管理高官論壇、聯(lián)合國國際搜索與救援咨詢團(tuán)亞太地震應(yīng)急演練等國際會(huì)議和活動(dòng)。 | 1. Disaster Relief Since 2015 the Chinese government has been actively involved in and promoted exchanges and cooperation on disaster relief in the Asia-Pacific region. China hosted the Eighth SCO Meeting of Heads of Emergency Prevention and Relief Agencies and the Third China-Japan-ROK Tabletop Exercise on Disaster Management, co-hosted with Malaysia the Fourth ARF Disaster Relief Exercise, and participated in the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, International Drill of the Emergency Prevention and Relief Agencies of the SCO Member States, the Ninth APEC Senior Disaster Management Officials' Forum and International Search and Rescue Advisory Group Asia-Pacific Regional Earthquake Response Exercise. |
| 2015年1月、7月和2016年5月，馬來西亞、緬甸、斯里蘭卡遭遇特大洪澇災(zāi)害，中國第一時(shí)間向三國提供緊急救災(zāi)物資。2015年4月尼泊爾發(fā)生強(qiáng)震后，中國多支救援隊(duì)、醫(yī)療防疫隊(duì)和運(yùn)輸分隊(duì)赴尼泊爾開展災(zāi)后援助工作，并向尼泊爾軍方提供野戰(zhàn)機(jī)動(dòng)醫(yī)院。 | In January and July 2015 and in May 2016, when Malaysia, Myanmar and Sri Lanka were hit by devastating floods, China immediately provided relief supplies to the three countries. In the wake of severe earthquakes in Nepal in April 2015 China sent rescue and medical teams and transportation detachments to the country and provided mobile field hospitals in support of disaster-relief efforts. |
| 中國政府將在災(zāi)害管理領(lǐng)域與各方進(jìn)一步完善官員互訪、信息共享、人員培訓(xùn)、技術(shù)交流、模擬演練、科研合作、物資儲(chǔ)備、緊急救援等機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)亞太區(qū)域多邊和雙邊救災(zāi)務(wù)實(shí)合作，共同提升地區(qū)減災(zāi)救災(zāi)能力。 | The Chinese government will continue to work with relevant parties to improve mutual visits of officials, information sharing, personnel training, technological exchanges, simulation exercises, scientific research cooperation, material reserves and emergency aid, to enhance practical bilateral and multilateral cooperation in disaster relief, and improve disaster mitigation and relief capacity in the Asia-Pacific area. |
| （二）反恐合作。2015年以來，中國先后與周邊多個(gè)國家開展打擊涉恐偷渡犯罪合作，成功抓獲了一批在本地區(qū)活動(dòng)猖獗的涉恐嫌犯和“蛇頭”，重挫了“東伊運(yùn)”等恐怖組織非法偷渡網(wǎng)絡(luò)，有效抵制和防范了“東伊運(yùn)”等恐怖組織對(duì)本地區(qū)的滲透。 | 2. Counter-Terrorism Cooperation Since 2015 China has cooperated with a number of neighboring countries in combating terrorism-related human smuggling, and arrested a number of terrorist suspects and human smugglers active in the region. These efforts dealt a heavy blow to the illegal human smuggling networks of the "Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement" (ETIM) and other terrorist organizations, and effectively countered and prevented the infiltration efforts of the ETIM and other terrorist organizations. |
| 中國分別同美國、俄羅斯、加拿大、英國、印度、巴基斯坦、韓國、印度尼西亞等國舉行雙邊反恐磋商，并成功主辦東盟地區(qū)論壇第13屆反恐與打擊跨國犯罪會(huì)間會(huì)，推動(dòng)在打擊互聯(lián)網(wǎng)暴力恐怖音（視）頻和恐怖分子跨境活動(dòng)等方面加強(qiáng)合作。同時(shí)，中國積極參與亞太經(jīng)合組織反恐工作組、“全球反恐論壇”，并與東盟共同舉辦打擊跨國犯罪部長級(jí)會(huì)議，就反恐合作加強(qiáng)交流。 | China has held bilateral anti-terrorism consultations with the US, Russia, Canada, the United Kingdom, India, Pakistan, the ROK and Indonesia, hosted the 13th ARF Inter-Sessional Meeting on Counter-terrorism and Transnational Crimes, and promoted cooperation on combating Internet-spread violent and terrorist audios/videos and cross-border terrorist activities. In addition, by taking an active part in the APEC Counter-terrorism Working Group, the Global Counter-terrorism Forum and the ASEAN plus China Meeting on Transnational Crime at ministerial level, China has strengthened exchanges in anti-terrorism cooperation. |
| 阿富汗、中國、巴基斯坦、塔吉克斯坦建立了“阿中巴塔”四國軍隊(duì)反恐合作協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制，旨在就反恐形勢(shì)研判、線索核查、情報(bào)共享、反恐能力建設(shè)、反恐聯(lián)合訓(xùn)練、人員培訓(xùn)方面開展協(xié)調(diào)并提供相互支持。 | China, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Tajikistan have established a coordination mechanism on counter-terrorism cooperation among the military forces of the four countries, aimed at conducting coordination on situation analysis, verification of clues, sharing of intelligence, capacity building, joint training and personnel training, and providing mutual assistance. |
| （三）打擊跨國犯罪合作。中國政府高度重視打擊跨國犯罪，致力于全面、切實(shí)履行《聯(lián)合國打擊跨國有組織犯罪公約》。中國已與70個(gè)國家締結(jié)司法協(xié)助、引渡等條約共123項(xiàng)，積極與美國、加拿大等國建立雙邊司法和執(zhí)法合作機(jī)制，為與有關(guān)國家共同打擊各類跨國犯罪提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的法律基礎(chǔ)和有效的機(jī)制平臺(tái)。 | 3. Cooperation in Combating Transnational Crimes The Chinese government places high importance on combating trans-national crimes, and is committed to fully and earnestly implementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC). China has concluded 123 judicial assistance and extradition treaties with 70 countries, and actively promoted the establishment of bilateral judicial and law-enforcement cooperation mechanisms with the US and Canada. These efforts have provided a solid legal basis and effective platform for China's cooperation with relevant countries in combating transnational crime in all forms. |
| 中國積極參與打擊跨國有組織犯罪國際合作，與聯(lián)合國及其他國際和區(qū)域組織保持良好合作，深入推進(jìn)湄公河流域執(zhí)法安全合作，并與東南亞有關(guān)國家多次開展打擊跨國犯罪聯(lián)合行動(dòng)，有效打擊了拐賣人口、電信詐騙、經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪、毒品犯罪等本地區(qū)突出的犯罪。2015年10月，中國舉辦“安全促發(fā)展”中國－東盟執(zhí)法安全合作部長級(jí)對(duì)話暨湄公河流域執(zhí)法安全合作部長級(jí)會(huì)議。在第二屆湄公河“平安航道”聯(lián)合掃毒行動(dòng)中，中國、老撾、緬甸、泰國密切合作，抓獲犯罪嫌疑人萬余人，破獲毒品案件約9000起，繳獲大量毒品和易制毒化學(xué)品。 | China is actively involved in international cooperation in combating transnational organized crimes and maintains sound cooperation with the UN and other international and regional organizations. It has facilitated law-enforcement and security cooperation along the Mekong River and conducted multiple joint actions with Southeast Asian countries in combating transnational crimes, and effectively fought against human trafficking, telecom fraud, economic crimes and drug-related crimes that are prevalent in the region. In October 2015 China hosted the China-ASEAN Ministerial Dialogue on Law Enforcement and Security Cooperation with the theme "Security for Prosperity" and the Ministerial Meeting on Law Enforcement and Security Cooperation along the Mekong River. In the Second Safe Mekong Joint Operation by China, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand, over 10,000 suspects were arrested, more than 9,000 drug-related cases were solved, and a large quantity of narcotics was seized. |
| 中國愿意與有關(guān)各國加強(qiáng)司法和執(zhí)法合作，共同打擊跨國犯罪，同時(shí)希望各國進(jìn)一步提升國際合作的政治意愿，努力克服法律制度的差異，積極推進(jìn)在《聯(lián)合國打擊跨國有組織犯罪公約》框架下的合作，包括以公約為法律基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行引渡合作，提供廣泛的司法協(xié)助，并就犯罪所得的返還和分享積極開展合作。中國鼓勵(lì)相關(guān)各國談判締結(jié)雙邊司法協(xié)助條約和引渡條約，推動(dòng)打擊跨國犯罪國際合作不斷取得實(shí)實(shí)在在的成果。 | China stands ready to enhance judicial and law-enforcement cooperation with relevant countries in a joint effort to fight transnational crimes, and calls on all countries to enhance their political will for international cooperation, overcome differences in legal systems, promote cooperation within the framework of the UNTOC, including cooperation on extradition, provide wide judicial assistance, and cooperate in the recovery and disposal of criminal proceeds. China also encourages countries concerned to negotiate and conclude bilateral extradition and judicial assistance treaties for more concrete outcomes in cooperation to combat trans-national crimes. |
| （四）網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全。當(dāng)前，網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問題的重要性進(jìn)一步前移。亞太國家高度重視網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問題，不斷加大對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的投入，積極開展對(duì)話和區(qū)域合作。中國是網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的堅(jiān)定維護(hù)者，支持并積極參與國際社會(huì)加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的努力。中國主張網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間應(yīng)用于促進(jìn)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、國際和平與穩(wěn)定和人類福祉，倡導(dǎo)各方在相互尊重、平等互利基礎(chǔ)上，加強(qiáng)對(duì)話合作，共同構(gòu)建和平、安全、開放、合作的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，建立多邊、民主、透明的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)國際治理體系，認(rèn)為當(dāng)務(wù)之急是在聯(lián)合國框架下制定各方普遍接受的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國際行為準(zhǔn)則。 | 4. Cyber Security Currently, cyber security is acquiring greater importance. Asia-Pacific countries are placing high importance on cyber security, increasing input and actively conducting dialogue and regional cooperation on this issue. China is a staunch supporter of and an active participant in international efforts to ensure cyber security. It believes that cyberspace should be used to promote economic and social development, maintain international peace and stability, and improve the well-being of mankind. Countries should strengthen dialogue and cooperation on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, and build a peaceful, secure, open and cooperative cyberspace and a multilateral, democratic and transparent international Internet regime. It is imperative that a universally accepted international code of conduct is formulated within the UN framework. |
| 2015年以來，中國繼續(xù)積極推動(dòng)并深入?yún)⑴c聯(lián)合國框架下網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全進(jìn)程。中國與上海合作組織其他成員國共同向聯(lián)合國大會(huì)提交“信息安全國際行為準(zhǔn)則”更新案文。中國深入?yún)⑴c并推動(dòng)聯(lián)合國信息安全政府專家組達(dá)成最后報(bào)告，確認(rèn)《聯(lián)合國憲章》主權(quán)平等、不干涉內(nèi)政、不使用武力等原則適用網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，為推動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國際規(guī)則制定作出貢獻(xiàn)。中國以建設(shè)性態(tài)度參加聯(lián)合國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)治理論壇、信息社會(huì)世界峰會(huì)高級(jí)別會(huì)議。 | Since 2015 China has continued to promote cyber security within the UN framework, and been deeply involved in the process. China and other SCO member states have jointly submitted an updated version of the International Code of Conduct for Information Security to the UN General Assembly. China has contributed to the endeavors to formulate international rules governing cyberspace by taking an active part in and facilitating the efforts of the UN's Group of Governmental Experts on Cyber Security to produce its final report, which affirms that the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, including sovereign equality, non-interference in others' internal affairs, and non-use of force, also apply to cyberspace. China has also played a constructive role in the UN Internet Governance Forum and the High-Level Meeting on the Overall Review of the Implementation of the Outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society. |
| 中國不斷加強(qiáng)與地區(qū)國家雙邊網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)話與務(wù)實(shí)合作。中國與俄羅斯簽署信息安全合作協(xié)定并舉行新一輪網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全磋商，舉行中日韓、中韓、中歐等網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)話，與美舉行打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪及相關(guān)事項(xiàng)高級(jí)別聯(lián)合對(duì)話等會(huì)議。 | China has continuously strengthened bilateral dialogues and practical cooperation on cyber security with countries in the region. China and Russia have signed the Information Security Cooperation Agreement and held a new round of consultation on cyber security. China-Japan-ROK, China-ROK and China-EU dialogues on cyber security have been held. China and the US held the High-Level Joint Dialogue on Cybercrime and Related Issues. |
| 中國高度重視并積極參與東盟地區(qū)論壇以及金磚國家、上合組織等區(qū)域機(jī)制，推動(dòng)地區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全合作平衡包容發(fā)展。積極參與金磚國家網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全工作組及上合組織信息安全專家組，推動(dòng)亞非法協(xié)設(shè)立“網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國際法”工作組，成功舉辦世界互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大會(huì)等重要會(huì)議。 | China attaches great importance to and takes an active part in regional mechanisms under the ARF, BRICS and SCO in order to promote balanced and inclusive development of network security cooperation in the region. China is actively involved in the BRICS Expert Working Group on Cyber-Security and the SCO Expert Group on International Information Security, and has worked on the Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization to establish a Working Group on International Legal Issues Concerning Cyber Space. China also hosted the Second World Internet Conference. |
| （五）海上安全合作。2015年是中國－東盟海洋合作年，海洋合作是建設(shè)“21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路”的重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域，中國與東盟國家在海上安全、科研環(huán)保等領(lǐng)域開展一系列交流合作活動(dòng)。中國與泰國共同實(shí)施安達(dá)曼?？茖W(xué)考察，成功舉行中泰海洋領(lǐng)域合作聯(lián)委會(huì)第四次會(huì)議。與馬來西亞簽署《關(guān)于建立中馬聯(lián)合海洋研究中心的諒解備忘錄》。中國與印尼海洋與氣候中心和聯(lián)合海洋觀測(cè)站建設(shè)工作有序開展。成功舉辦第三屆中國－東南亞國家海洋科研與環(huán)保合作論壇。 | 5. Cooperation on Maritime Security The year 2015 was the year of China-ASEAN maritime cooperation. Maritime cooperation is a key part of building the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. China and the ASEAN countries conducted a series of exchanges and cooperative events on maritime security, scientific research and environmental protection. China and Thailand conducted a scientific expedition in the Andaman Sea, and held the Fourth Joint Committee Meeting on Marine Cooperation. China and Malaysia signed the Memorandum of Understanding on the Establishment of the China-Malaysia Joint Oceanographic Research Center. The construction of the China-Indonesia Center for the Oceans and Climate, and the Joint Oceanic Observation Station proceeded in an orderly way. The Third China-Southeast Asian Countries Marine Research and Environmental Protection Cooperation Forum was also held. |
| 中國積極參與和推動(dòng)海上安全對(duì)話合作。2015年以來，舉辦亞太海事局長會(huì)議、北太平洋地區(qū)海岸警備執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)論壇“執(zhí)法協(xié)作2015”多任務(wù)演練、亞太航標(biāo)管理人員培訓(xùn)班、亞太地區(qū)大規(guī)模海上人命救助（MRO）培訓(xùn)及桌面演習(xí)等項(xiàng)目。中國繼續(xù)與澳大利亞、馬來西亞配合，推進(jìn)馬航MH370客機(jī)搜尋工作，并提供2000萬澳元用于后續(xù)搜救。積極支持《亞洲地區(qū)反海盜及武裝劫船合作協(xié)定》（ReCAAP）“信息分享中心”能力建設(shè)和發(fā)展，向“中心”派駐中國海警職員。2016年6月，應(yīng)越南請(qǐng)求，中國出動(dòng)艦艇及飛機(jī)協(xié)助搜救越方失事飛機(jī)和機(jī)組成員。2008年12月至2016年1月，前往亞丁灣、索馬里海域執(zhí)行護(hù)航任務(wù)的中國海軍護(hù)航編隊(duì)共完成909批6112艘中外船舶的護(hù)航任務(wù)。 | China has actively participated in and advanced dialogues and cooperation on maritime security. Since 2015 China has hosted the Asia-Pacific Heads of Maritime Administrations Conference, the multi-task exercise "Cooperation for Law Enforcement 2015" of the North Pacific Coast Guard Agencies Forum, International Training Course for Lighthouse Management Personnel in the Asia-Pacific Area and the Asia-Pacific Mass Rescue Operation Training Course and Tabletop Exercise. China has continued its cooperation with Australia and Malaysia in the search for Malaysian Airlines Flight MH370, and provided 20 million Australian dollars for follow-up search-and-rescue efforts in this regard. China has vigorously supported the capacity building and development of the Information Sharing Center (ISC) under the Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery, and accredited maritime police officers to the ISC. In June 2016, as requested by Vietnam, China dispatched vessels and airplanes to assist in searching for and rescuing Vietnamese airplanes which had crashed, along with their crew members. From December 2008 to January 2016 Chinese fleets sent to the Gulf of Aden and Somali waters as escorts conducted 909 missions, escorting 6,112 Chinese and foreign civilian vessels. |
| （六）防擴(kuò)散與裁軍合作。中國一貫積極支持和參與國際軍控、裁軍與防擴(kuò)散努力，主張全面禁止和徹底銷毀核武器。中國積極推動(dòng)全面落實(shí)《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》歷次審議大會(huì)成果，建設(shè)性參加了《條約》第九次審議大會(huì)及五核國履行《條約》會(huì)議。中國愿與各方一道，為全面、平衡推進(jìn)《條約》確立的核不擴(kuò)散、核裁軍、和平利用核能三大支柱作出不懈努力。 | 6. Cooperation in Non-Proliferation and Disarmament China supports and takes an active part in international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation efforts, and stands for the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons. China has earnestly implemented the outcomes of all the review conferences of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), and played a constructive role in the Ninth NPT review conference and the P5 Conference on Implementing the NPT. China stands ready to work with all parties through unremitting efforts to achieve the three NPT goals of "nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, and peaceful use of nuclear power." |
| 中國認(rèn)為,建立東南亞無核武器區(qū)對(duì)促進(jìn)本地區(qū)及世界的和平與安全具有重要意義，始終堅(jiān)定支持東盟國家建立東南亞無核武器區(qū)的努力，支持《東南亞無核武器區(qū)條約》議定書早日簽署并生效。中國與東盟已解決所有議定書遺留問題，中國愿早日簽署議定書。中國將繼續(xù)以建設(shè)性姿態(tài)參與東盟和五核國磋商進(jìn)程，推動(dòng)?xùn)|盟和其他四核國協(xié)商解決分歧，為議定書早日簽署和生效作出努力。 | China holds that establishing a Southeast Asia Nuclear-Weapons-Free Zone is of great significance for promoting regional and global peace and stability. China supports the efforts of ASEAN countries to establish a Southeast Asia Nuclear-Weapons-Free Zone, and stands for the early signing and going into effect of the protocol to the Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear-Weapons-Free Zone. China has solved all the remaining issues concerning the protocol with ASEAN, and looks forward to the signing of the protocol at an early date. China will continue to participate constructively in consultation between ASEAN and the five nuclear countries, and facilitate consultation between ASEAN and the other four nuclear countries to resolve their differences so that the protocol can be signed and come into effect at an early date. |
| 中國一貫主張全面禁止和徹底銷毀包括化學(xué)武器在內(nèi)的一切大規(guī)模殺傷性武器，反對(duì)任何人發(fā)展、保留或使用化學(xué)武器，支持《禁止化學(xué)武器公約》的宗旨、目標(biāo)和禁止化學(xué)武器組織的工作，全面、忠實(shí)履行公約的各項(xiàng)義務(wù)。中國高度重視并支持在公約框架下開展國際交流與合作。 | China stands for the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of all weapons of mass destruction, including chemical weapons, opposes the development, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons by any one, and supports the purposes and goals of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and the work of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). China is earnest in fulfilling its obligations under the Chemical Weapons Convention in its entirety, and attaches great importance to and supports international exchanges and cooperation under the convention. |
| 2015年，中國與禁化武組織聯(lián)合舉辦亞洲地區(qū)第13屆國家履約機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)議、化武援助與防護(hù)高級(jí)培訓(xùn)班，與聯(lián)合國安理會(huì)1540委員會(huì)合辦“亞太地區(qū)防擴(kuò)散國家聯(lián)絡(luò)點(diǎn)培訓(xùn)班”。派代表出席亞太地區(qū)高級(jí)別防擴(kuò)散對(duì)話會(huì)、東盟地區(qū)論壇防擴(kuò)散會(huì)間會(huì)等活動(dòng)。 | In 2015 China held the 13th Regional Meeting of National Authorities of Asian State Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, hosted the Advanced Protection and Assistance Course with the OPCW, and held the Training Course on National Points of Contacts of States in the Asia-Pacific Region together with the UN Security Council 1540 Committee. China also participated in the Asian Senior-Level Talks on Non-Proliferation, ARF Inter-Sessional Workshop on Non-Proliferation, and other related events. |
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