溫家寶在2012年夏季達(dá)沃斯論壇上的致辭（全文）
Full text: Wen's speech at Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2012
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| 9月11日，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇2012年新領(lǐng)軍者年會(huì)（第六屆夏季達(dá)沃斯論壇）在天津梅江會(huì)展中心開幕。開幕式前，中共中央政治局常委、國務(wù)院總理溫家寶與出席年會(huì)的企業(yè)家代表對話交流?！緢D片：新華社】 Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Tuesday delivered a speech at the opening ceremony of the sixth Annual Meeting of the New Champions, also known as the Summer Davos. |
| ——堅(jiān)持調(diào)整和優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)，著力提高經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的質(zhì)量和效益。這十年，中國發(fā)展導(dǎo)向的一個(gè)根本性變化，是從“快字當(dāng)頭”轉(zhuǎn)為“好字優(yōu)先”。我們把經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整作為轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式的主攻方向，提高了發(fā)展質(zhì)量，拓展了發(fā)展空間，增強(qiáng)了發(fā)展后勁。我們堅(jiān)持內(nèi)需外需均衡發(fā)展，實(shí)施一系列擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需的政策措施，經(jīng)常賬戶順差占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重降低到2.8％，最終消費(fèi)對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的貢獻(xiàn)率由43.9％提高到50.8％，消費(fèi)、投資、出口協(xié)同拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的格局正在形成。堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)，制定實(shí)施科技、教育、人才中長期發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要，全國研究與試驗(yàn)發(fā)展經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重由1.23％提高到1.83％，專利授權(quán)量增加18.2倍，企業(yè)已經(jīng)成為投入和研發(fā)的主體。推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長向依靠第一、第二、第三產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)同帶動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變，農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力不斷提高，糧食產(chǎn)量實(shí)現(xiàn)歷史性的“八連增”，糧食儲(chǔ)備超過5000億斤，是歷史最高水平；制造業(yè)規(guī)模躍居全球首位，高技術(shù)制造業(yè)總產(chǎn)值年均增長22％，成為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)重要的先導(dǎo)性、支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)；服務(wù)業(yè)增加值占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重提高1.6個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，特別是金融保險(xiǎn)、現(xiàn)代物流、軟件信息等現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)跨越發(fā)展。推動(dòng)工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化同步發(fā)展，實(shí)施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略，初步扭轉(zhuǎn)了工農(nóng)差別、城鄉(xiāng)差別、地區(qū)差別擴(kuò)大的趨勢。城鎮(zhèn)化率由39.1％提高到51.3％，實(shí)現(xiàn)了城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)的歷史性變化。2008年以來，中部、西部、東北地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速持續(xù)超過東部地區(qū)，地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值占全國比重明顯提高，各具特色、良性互動(dòng)的區(qū)域發(fā)展格局正在形成。 | -- We improved the economic structure to raise the quality and efficiency of economic development. A shift from fast growth to sound growth was a fundamental change in the priorities of China's development in the past decade. We took strategic adjustment of the economic structure as the main task of shifting the growth model, and raised the quality, expanded the scope and bolstered the momentum of development. To balance the development of domestic and external demand, we rolled out a number of policies and measures to boost domestic demand. As a result, our current account surplus as a percentage of GDP came down to 2.8%, the contribution of final consumption to economic growth rose from 43.9% to 50.8%, and a pattern in which economic growth is jointly driven by consumption, investment and export is taking shape. Guided by an innovation-oriented approach, we formulated and implemented the mid- and long-term programs for science and technology, education and human resources development. National R&D spending as a percentage of GDP rose from 1.23% to 1.83%, the number of granted patents increased by 18.2 times, and enterprises have become the backbone of investment and R&D activities. We pursued economic growth by relying on the coordinated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Overall agricultural productivity was enhanced, grain output grew for eight consecutive years, and grain reserves reached a historic high of over 250 million tons. The manufacturing sector became the largest in the world. High-tech manufacturing expanded at an average rate of 22% annually and became a leading pillar industry in the economy. Value-added of the service sector as a share of GDP increased by 1.6 percentage points and modern service industries such as finance, insurance, logistics, software and information enjoyed fast development. We promoted parallel development of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization,implemented the overall strategies for development of different regions and achieved initial success in closing the widening gaps between industry and agriculture, urban and rural areas, and among different regions. The urbanization rate rose from 39.1% to 51.3%, bringing a historic change in China's urban-rural structure. Since 2008, the central, western and northeastern regions have been growing faster than the eastern region and the share of GOP of these regions in the national total has notably risen. A regional development pattern featuring sound interaction among regions and distinctive local features is coming into being. |
| ——堅(jiān)持節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境，著力增強(qiáng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力。這十年，中國踐行可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念的一個(gè)重大的標(biāo)志性舉措，是把建設(shè)資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會(huì)確定為國家發(fā)展的重要戰(zhàn)略。我們把節(jié)能減排作為約束性指標(biāo)納入國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，加大資金投入，加快構(gòu)建有利于節(jié)約能源資源和保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)方式和消費(fèi)模式，大力發(fā)展綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)，促進(jìn)人與自然的和諧統(tǒng)一。單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗和二氧化碳排放顯著下降；今年修訂了環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，增加了細(xì)顆粒物（PM2.5）等監(jiān)測指標(biāo)；森林覆蓋率由2003年的18.21％上升到2011年的20.36％。發(fā)布實(shí)施應(yīng)對氣候變化國家方案，在“共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任”原則下，積極開展應(yīng)對氣候變化國際合作。 | -- We conserved resources and the environment to enhance capacity for sustainable development. To build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society was identified as an important strategy of national development. This was a major step China took in pursuing sustainable development in the past decade. We incorporated mandatory targets of energy conservation and emission reduction into the national economic and social development plan, scaled up financial input, accelerated the development of an industrial structure, mode of production and consumption pattern conducive to saving energy and resources and protecting the eco-environment, and made vigorous efforts to develop green economy and promote harmony between man and nature. As a result, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP and CO2 emissions both dropped significantly. The environment and air quality standards were revised this year and such new monitoring indicators as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were added. Forest cover rose from 18.21% in 2003 to 20.36% in 2011. We released and implemented the national plan on climate change and played an active part in international response to climate change under the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities." |
| ——堅(jiān)持經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展相協(xié)調(diào)，著力保障改善民生和促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義。這十年，中國發(fā)展進(jìn)程中最濃墨重彩的一筆，是堅(jiān)持民生優(yōu)先。我們始終把保障改善民生作為一切工作的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)，努力使發(fā)展成果惠及全體人民。堅(jiān)持實(shí)施積極的就業(yè)政策，城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)十年內(nèi)超過1億人，連續(xù)5年超過千萬人。全面實(shí)現(xiàn)九年制免費(fèi)義務(wù)教育，建立起完整的家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生資助體系，兌現(xiàn)了“不讓一個(gè)孩子因貧困失學(xué)”的莊嚴(yán)承諾。覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的社會(huì)保障體系建設(shè)取得歷史性進(jìn)展，新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)和城鎮(zhèn)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)制度全覆蓋，城鄉(xiāng)救助體系基本建立。全民醫(yī)保體系初步形成，超過13億的城鄉(xiāng)居民參保，基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)覆蓋率超過95％。積極調(diào)整收入分配關(guān)系，連續(xù)8年提高企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金，年均增長10％，大幅調(diào)高最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、個(gè)人所得稅起征點(diǎn)、國家扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和農(nóng)村居民人均純收入年均實(shí)際分別增長9.2％和8.1％，是新中國歷史上增長最快的時(shí)期之一，近兩年農(nóng)村居民收入增幅超過城鎮(zhèn)居民。認(rèn)真落實(shí)聯(lián)合國千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)，中國成為全球唯一提前實(shí)現(xiàn)貧困人口減半的國家。加大保障性住房建設(shè)力度，保障房覆蓋面從2008年的不足4％提高到目前的11％。中國億萬個(gè)家庭和他們生活所在的城鎮(zhèn)與鄉(xiāng)村，在這個(gè)過程中發(fā)生翻天覆地的變化，講述了一個(gè)又一個(gè)通過努力奮斗改變自己生活與命運(yùn)的動(dòng)人故事。 | -- We balanced economic and social development to improve people's livelihood and promote social equity and justice. To put people's needs first was the most visible highlight in China's development in the past decade. We took improvement of people's lives as the starting point and ultimate goal of all our work, and made real efforts to make development fruits shared by all. We pursued a proactive employment policy. Over 100 million new urban jobs were created in the past ten years, including more than 10 million jobs annually for the past five consecutive years. We made free nine-year compulsory education fully available, established a complete financial aid system for students from poor families and fulfilled our solemn commitment of "not letting a single child drop out of school due to poverty." We made historic progress in building a social safety net covering both urban and rural populations. The new rural pension scheme and the old-age pension scheme for non-working urban residents achieved full coverage, and an urban and rural social aid system was basically established. The medical insurance system covering the entire population took initial shape. More than 1.3 billion urban and rural residents subscribed to the programs and the coverage of basic medical insurance programs topped 95%. We took active steps to adjust income distribution. Basic pension for enterprise retirees increased at an average annual rate of 10% for eight consecutive years. Minimum wage, threshold for personal income tax and the national poverty line were significantly raised. The per capita urban disposable income and per capita rural net income increased at an average annual rate of 9.2% and 8.1% respectively in real terms, making the past decade one of the fastest-growing periods in the history of New China. And, rural income grew faster than urban income in the past two years. We earnestly implemented the UN Millennium Development Goals. China became the only country in the world to meet the goal of cutting its poor population by half ahead of schedule. We scaled up input in building low-income housing and raised its coverage from less than 4% in 2008 to the current 11%.Hundreds of millions of Chinese families and the towns and villages where they live and work experienced tremendous changes in these past ten years, and there were numerous touching stories of Chinese people changing their lives and destinies through hard work and perseverance. |
| ——堅(jiān)持深化改革和擴(kuò)大開放，著力增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的活力與動(dòng)力。這十年，中國改革攻堅(jiān)不斷取得新突破，繼續(xù)成為最鮮明的時(shí)代特征。我們加快構(gòu)建充滿活力、富有效率、更加開放、有利于科學(xué)發(fā)展的體制機(jī)制。我們不斷完善公共財(cái)政體系，把預(yù)算外資金全部納入預(yù)算管理，實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)算、決算公開，統(tǒng)一內(nèi)外資企業(yè)稅制，全面實(shí)施增值稅轉(zhuǎn)型，加快推進(jìn)營業(yè)稅改征增值稅試點(diǎn)，推進(jìn)成品油價(jià)格和稅費(fèi)改革，在全國范圍內(nèi)實(shí)施原油、天然氣資源稅從價(jià)計(jì)征改革。全面深化金融改革，國有大型商業(yè)銀行股份制改革順利完成并成功上市，平穩(wěn)解決上市公司股權(quán)分置問題，人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制和利率市場化改革有序推進(jìn)，金融體系競爭力、抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力顯著提高，在應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)沖擊中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用。深化農(nóng)村綜合改革，徹底取消了農(nóng)業(yè)稅，集體林權(quán)制度改革有序推進(jìn)，草原承包經(jīng)營登記依法開展。毫不動(dòng)搖地鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，毫不動(dòng)搖地鼓勵(lì)、支持、引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，平等保護(hù)物權(quán)，多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展，競爭力和整體實(shí)力明顯增強(qiáng)。隨著改革不斷深化，廣大人民的積極性、主動(dòng)性、創(chuàng)造性明顯提高，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展充滿新的生機(jī)與活力。我們大力實(shí)施互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略，全面履行加入世貿(mào)組織的承諾，堅(jiān)持出口和進(jìn)口并重，利用外資和對外投資并舉，不僅拓展了自己的發(fā)展空間，促進(jìn)了中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，也為區(qū)域和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。 | -- We deepened reform and opening-up to boost the vitality and momentum of economic and social development. China's reform made continuous breakthroughs in the past decade. This has been the most distinctive feature of our time. We accelerated the building of institutions and mechanisms that are dynamic, efficient, open and conducive to scientific development. We improved the public finance system, placed all extra budgetary funds under budgetary management and made public budgets and final accounts. We unified the tax regimes for Chinese and foreign businesses, carried out a comprehensive VAT reform and speeded up the trial program of replacing business tax with VAT. We pushed forward the pricing and tax reform of refined oil products and launched a price-based reform of resource tax on crude oil and natural gas across the country. We deepened reform in the financial sector. The share-holding reform of large state-owns commercial banks and their listing on the stock market were completed, the problem of split-share structure in listed companies was smoothly resolved and the reform of RMB exchange rate forming mechanism and reform of making interest rates market-based moved forward steadily. Our financial system became much more competitive and resilient to risks, and played an essential role in countering the international financial crisis. We deepened comprehensive rural reform, completely rescinded agricultural taxes, pressed ahead with the reform of tenure in collective forests and launched registration for contracting pastureland in accordance with the law. We unwaveringly consolidated and developed the public sector of the economy, unswervingly encouraged, supported and guided the development of the non-public sector, and ensured equal protection of property rights. All economic sectors developed side by side and their competitiveness and overall strength markedly improved. The deepening of the reform process highly motivated the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the people and injected new vigor and vitality into our economic and social development. We pursued a win-win strategy of opening-up, fully met our commitments made upon WTO accession, and placed equal emphasis on exports and imports and on attracting foreign investment and investing overseas. This has not only helped us gain broader space for our development and economic growth, but also made important contribution to economic development in the region and the world. |
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