中國應(yīng)對氣候變化的政策與行動 2012年度報告
China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change (2012)
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| 三、開展低碳發(fā)展試驗(yàn)試點(diǎn) | III. Promoting Low-carbon Pilot Projects |
| 繼續(xù)推進(jìn)低碳省區(qū)和城市試點(diǎn)，啟動碳排放交易試點(diǎn)，開展低碳產(chǎn)品、低碳交通運(yùn)輸體系、綠色重點(diǎn)小城鎮(zhèn)試點(diǎn)，探索不同地區(qū)、不同行業(yè)綠色低碳發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和模式。 | The government continues to promote low-carbon pilot projects in selected provinces and cities, launch carbon emission trading pilot programs, and explore the experience of different regions and industries in implementing low-carbon development through projects that encourage low-carbon products, transport systems and towns. |
| （一）繼續(xù)推進(jìn)低碳省區(qū)和城市試點(diǎn) | (I) Continuing to Promote Low-carbon Pilot Projects in Provinces and Cities |
| 國家發(fā)展改革委批復(fù)了各試點(diǎn)省區(qū)和城市低碳發(fā)展規(guī)劃實(shí)施方案，加強(qiáng)對試點(diǎn)工作的指導(dǎo)，完善工作機(jī)制，推動構(gòu)建以低碳排放為特征的產(chǎn)業(yè)體系，低碳試點(diǎn)各項(xiàng)工作穩(wěn)步開展。各試點(diǎn)省區(qū)和城市成立了低碳試點(diǎn)工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組，建立決策咨詢機(jī)制、基礎(chǔ)研究機(jī)制、試點(diǎn)示范機(jī)制、對外交流合作機(jī)制等，創(chuàng)新有利于低碳發(fā)展的體制機(jī)制。將二氧化碳排放強(qiáng)度下降指標(biāo)完成情況納入各地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展綜合評價體系和干部政績考核體系。目前，各試點(diǎn)省市已完成啟動階段各項(xiàng)任務(wù)目標(biāo)，正進(jìn)入攻堅階段，全面開展各項(xiàng)試點(diǎn)工作。 | The National Development and Reform Commission has approved low-carbon development plans for all provinces and cities that are designated as pilot areas. It has strengthened its guidance of pilot projects, improved its operational capabilities, and promoted the construction of a low carbon industrial system. Steady progress has been made in low-carbon pilot projects. All designated pilot provinces and cities have set up low-carbon leading groups and established mechanisms for decision-making consultation, basic research, pilot demonstration, and international exchange and cooperation. Every effort has been made to encourage innovative institutional mechanisms that are conducive to low-carbon development. A carbon intensity reduction index has been included in the comprehensive evaluation of regional economic and social development and the cadre performance appraisal system. Currently, the pilot provinces and cities have completed the objectives of the start-up phase, and have begun carrying out comprehensive pilot work. |
| （二）啟動碳排放交易試點(diǎn) | (II) Initiating Pilot Programs for Carbon Emissions Trading |
| 建立自愿減排交易機(jī)制。2012年6月，國家發(fā)展改革委出臺《溫室氣體自愿減排交易管理暫行辦法》，確立自愿減排交易機(jī)制的基本管理框架、交易流程和監(jiān)管辦法，建立交易登記注冊系統(tǒng)和信息發(fā)布制度，鼓勵基于項(xiàng)目的溫室氣體自愿減排交易，保障有關(guān)交易活動有序開展。 | Establishing a voluntary emission trading system. In June, 2012, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Interim Regulation of Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading. The document sets out the basic management framework, trading procedures and supervisory measures of the voluntary trading, establishes a registration and recording system and an information disclosure system, and encourages project-based voluntary greenhouse gas emissions trading, so as to ensure trading takes place in an orderly fashion. |
| 開展碳排放權(quán)交易試點(diǎn)。2011年，國家發(fā)展改革委在北京市、天津市、上海市、重慶市、湖北省、廣東省及深圳市啟動碳排放權(quán)交易試點(diǎn)工作。各試點(diǎn)地區(qū)加強(qiáng)組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，建立專職隊(duì)伍，安排試點(diǎn)工作專項(xiàng)資金，抓緊組織編制碳排放權(quán)交易試點(diǎn)實(shí)施方案，明確總體思路、工作目標(biāo)、主要任務(wù)、保障措施及進(jìn)度安排。著手研究制定碳排放權(quán)交易試點(diǎn)管理辦法，明確試點(diǎn)的基本規(guī)則。測算并確定本地區(qū)溫室氣體排放總量控制目標(biāo)，研究制定溫室氣體排放指標(biāo)分配方案。建立本地區(qū)碳排放權(quán)交易監(jiān)管體系和登記注冊系統(tǒng)，培育和建設(shè)交易平臺，做好碳排放權(quán)交易試點(diǎn)支撐體系建設(shè)。北京市、上海市、廣東省分別在2012年3月28日、8月16日和9月11日啟動碳排放權(quán)交易試點(diǎn)。 | Conducting carbon emission trading pilot programs. In 2011, the National Development and Reform Commission initiated pilot programs for carbon emissions trading in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Hubei, Guangdong and Shenzhen. The designated areas strengthened organization and leadership, established professional teams and earmarked funds for the pilot programs. They organized the compiling of an implementation plan for the carbon emission trading pilot program, defining the overall concept, objectives, key tasks, safeguards and project schedules. They studied and formulated regulations for the carbon emission trading pilot program and worked out the basic rules for the program. They have calculated and defined overall caps for greenhouse gas emissions in their regions, and formulated plans for distributing specific emissions targets. To develop a support system for the pilot programs, regulatory as well as registration and recording systems have been established and trading platforms have been developed in each pilot area. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong launched their pilot programs on March 28, August 16, and September 11, 2012, respectively. |
| （三）開展相關(guān)領(lǐng)域低碳試點(diǎn)工作 | (III). Carrying out Low-carbon Pilot Programs in Relevant Areas |
| 研究開展低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)試驗(yàn)園區(qū)、低碳社區(qū)、低碳商業(yè)試點(diǎn)。國家發(fā)展改革委組織開展低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)試驗(yàn)園區(qū)、低碳社區(qū)、低碳商業(yè)評價指標(biāo)體系和配套政策研究，探索形成適合中國國情的低碳發(fā)展模式和政策機(jī)制。 | Studying and starting trials of low-carbon industry park, communities and commerce. The National Development and Reform Commission organized studies to establish an evaluation index and support policies for low-carbon industrial experimental zones, communities and commerce, in order to define low-carbon development modes and policies suited to China's actual conditions. |
| 開展低碳產(chǎn)品試點(diǎn)。國家發(fā)展改革委組織研究產(chǎn)品碳排放計算方法，建立低碳產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、標(biāo)識和認(rèn)證制度，組織編制《低碳產(chǎn)品認(rèn)證管理辦法（暫行）》，引導(dǎo)低碳消費(fèi)。 | Beginning trials of low-carbon products. The National Development and Reform Commission has organized research into methods of calculating product carbon emissions, established standards and identification and certification systems for low-carbon products. It has also published the Interim Procedures for the Low-carbon Product Certification Management as a guide to creating low-carbon consumption patterns. |
| 開展低碳交通運(yùn)輸體系建設(shè)城市試點(diǎn)。2011年，交通運(yùn)輸部啟動低碳交通運(yùn)輸體系建設(shè)試點(diǎn)工作，以公路、水路交通運(yùn)輸和城市客運(yùn)為主，選定天津、重慶、深圳、廈門、杭州、南昌、貴陽、保定、無錫、武漢10個城市開展首批試點(diǎn)。2012年2月，選定北京、昆明、西安、寧波、廣州、沈陽、哈爾濱、淮安、煙臺、海口、成都、青島、株洲、蚌埠、十堰、濟(jì)源市16個城市開展低碳交通運(yùn)輸體系建設(shè)第二批城市試點(diǎn)工作。目前，各試點(diǎn)城市通過建設(shè)低碳型交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，推廣應(yīng)用低碳型交通運(yùn)輸裝備，優(yōu)化交通運(yùn)輸組織模式及操作方法，建設(shè)智能交通工程，完善交通公眾信息服務(wù)，建立健全交通運(yùn)輸碳排放管理體系，加快建設(shè)以低碳排放為特征的交通運(yùn)輸體系。 | Selecting cities to pilot low-carbon transport systems. In 2011, the Ministry of Transport initiated pilot projects for the construction of low-carbon transport systems, with an emphasis on road and river transport and urban passenger transport. Ten cities - Tianjin, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Hangzhou, Nanchang, Guiyang, Baoding, Wuxi and Wuhan - were selected to carry out the initial trials. A further 16 cities - Beijing, Kunming, Xi'an, Ningbo, Guangzhou, Shenyang, Harbin, Huai’an, Yantai, Haikou, Chengdu, Qingdao, Zhuzhou, Bengbu, Shiyan and Jiyuan - were named the second batch of pilot cities in February, 2012. The trial cities have accelerated the construction of low-carbon transport systems by constructing low-carbon transport infrastructure, employing low-carbon vehicles, optimizing transport planning and operating methods, creating intelligent traffic projects, improving public transport information services, and establishing and improving carbon emissions management systems. |
| 開展綠色低碳重點(diǎn)小城鎮(zhèn)試點(diǎn)示范。2011年，財政部、住房城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部和國家發(fā)展改革委啟動綠色低碳重點(diǎn)小城鎮(zhèn)試點(diǎn)示范工作，選定北京市密云縣古北口鎮(zhèn)、天津市靜海縣大邱莊鎮(zhèn)、江蘇省蘇州市常熟市海虞鎮(zhèn)、安徽省合肥市肥西縣三河鎮(zhèn)、福建省廈門市集美區(qū)灌口鎮(zhèn)、廣東省佛山市南海區(qū)西樵鎮(zhèn)、重慶市巴南區(qū)木洞鎮(zhèn)7個鎮(zhèn)為第一批試點(diǎn)示范綠色低碳重點(diǎn)小城鎮(zhèn)。各試點(diǎn)示范鎮(zhèn)根據(jù)本地經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展水平、區(qū)位特點(diǎn)、資源和環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)，分類探索小城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)發(fā)展模式。編制完善總體規(guī)劃和各專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃，有效利用土地和其他資源，合理布局建設(shè)用地，加強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)，改善居住環(huán)境，增強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)覆蓋能力，引導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)和人口有序集聚。 | Carrying out green and low-carbon pilot and demonstration projects in key small towns. In 2011, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the National Development and Reform Commission jointly launched the green and low-carbon pilot and demonstration project for key small towns. Seven small towns were selected to take part in the project - Gubeikou Town in Miyun County, Beijing; Daqiuzhuang Town in Jinghai County, Tianjin; Haiyu Town in Changshu, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province; Sanhe Town, in Feixi County, Hefei City, Anhui Province; Guankou Town in Jimei District, Xiamen City, Fujian Province; Xiqiao Town, in Nanhai District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province; and Mudong Town in Banan District, Chongqing. Taking into account their level of social and economic development, geographical features, as well as resources and environment, the participating towns are systematically exploring suitable development models. General and specific plans have been formulated and improved to address issues such as effectively utilizing land and other resources, rationally allocating construction land, strengthening eco-environment development, improving the living environment, strengthening infrastructure, boosting public services, and guiding the orderly creation of population and industrial districts. |
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