中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的政策與行動(dòng) 2012年度報(bào)告
China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change (2012)
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| 六、積極參加國(guó)際談判 | VI. Proactive Participation in International Negotiations |
| 中國(guó)政府高度重視全球氣候變化問(wèn)題，以對(duì)本國(guó)人民和全人類高度負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度，積極建設(shè)性參與應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國(guó)際談判，加強(qiáng)與各國(guó)在氣候變化領(lǐng)域的多層次磋商與對(duì)話，努力推動(dòng)各方就氣候變化問(wèn)題深化相互理解，廣泛凝聚共識(shí)，為推動(dòng)建立公平合理的國(guó)際氣候制度作出了積極貢獻(xiàn)。 | The Chinese government attaches great importance to the issue of global climate change. With a high sense of responsibility to the Chinese people and humanity as a whole, it has proactively and constructively participated in international negotiations to address climate change, strengthened multi-level negotiations and dialogues with other countries, and strived to promote mutual understanding and consensus among all parties, making a positive contribution to building a fair and reasonable international mechanism for addressing climate change. |
| （一）積極參加聯(lián)合國(guó)進(jìn)程下的國(guó)際談判 | (I) Proactive Participation in International Negotiations within the UN Framework |
| 中國(guó)堅(jiān)持以《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》和《京都議定書》為基本框架的國(guó)際氣候制度，積極發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國(guó)框架下的氣候變化國(guó)際談判的主渠道作用，堅(jiān)持公平原則、“共同但有區(qū)別及各自能力的責(zé)任”原則，堅(jiān)持在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的框架下應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，堅(jiān)持按照公開(kāi)透明、廣泛參與、締約方主導(dǎo)和協(xié)商一致的原則，積極建設(shè)性參與談判，加強(qiáng)與各方的溝通交流，推動(dòng)氣候變化國(guó)際談判取得積極進(jìn)展。 | China adheres to UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol as the basic framework of international climate mechanism, gives active play to the main channel of international climate change negotiations within the UN framework, upholds the principles of fairness and "common but differentiated responsibility," addresses the issue of climate change within the framework of sustainable development, abides by the principles of openness and transparency, extensive participation, signatory leadership and consensus through consultation, proactively and constructively participates in negotiations, strengthens communication and exchanges among the various parties, and promotes international negotiations on climate change to achieve positive results. |
| 2011年，中國(guó)繼續(xù)積極參與聯(lián)合國(guó)進(jìn)程下的氣候變化國(guó)際談判，全面參與南非德班會(huì)議的談判與磋商，堅(jiān)持維護(hù)談判進(jìn)程的公開(kāi)透明、廣泛參與和協(xié)商一致，以認(rèn)真、負(fù)責(zé)、開(kāi)放、務(wù)實(shí)的姿態(tài)，為德班會(huì)議最終取得一攬子平衡成果、確保談判沿正軌前進(jìn)作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。為配合德班會(huì)議談判，首次在聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化大會(huì)期間以中國(guó)代表團(tuán)名義舉辦了為期9天、包含23場(chǎng)主題活動(dòng)的“中國(guó)角”系列邊會(huì)活動(dòng)。在中國(guó)等廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家的努力下，德班會(huì)議繼續(xù)按照巴厘路線圖授權(quán)推進(jìn)公約和議定書的實(shí)施，在哥本哈根會(huì)議和坎昆會(huì)議的基礎(chǔ)上取得了重要成果。會(huì)議期間，胡錦濤主席致函祖馬總統(tǒng)，全力支持東道國(guó)南非政府的工作。中國(guó)利用各種渠道和方式與各方開(kāi)展坦誠(chéng)、深入的對(duì)話與交流，力求增進(jìn)理解、凝聚共識(shí)、提振信心，為會(huì)議取得積極成果發(fā)揮了積極建設(shè)性的作用。 | In 2011, China continued to proactively participate in international talks on climate change within the UN Framework. It took an active part in the negotiations and consultations at the Durban Climate Change Conference in South Africa and firmly adhered to the principles of maintaining openness and transparency, extensive participation and consensus through consultation. With a conscientious, responsible, open and practical posture, China made important contributions to helping the conference achieve a balanced package of results and ensuring the climate talks proceed on track. During the Durban conference negotiations, the Chinese delegation held a nine-day Chinese Corner series of side events with 23 themed activities, the first such initiative China took during a UN Climate Change Conference. Thanks to the efforts of China and other developing countries, the Durban Conference followed the Bali Road Map, promoted the implementation of UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol and achieved important results, building on the achievements of the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference and Cancun Climate Change Conference. During the conference, Chinese president Hu Jintao sent a letter to South African President Jacob Zuma expressing wholehearted support for the host country. The Chinese delegation held open and in-depth negotiations and dialogues with all parties through various channels to promote understanding and consensus and boost confidence, making proactive and constructive contributions to the positive achievements of the conference. |
| （二）廣泛參與相關(guān)國(guó)際對(duì)話與交流 | (II) Extensive Participation in Relevant International Dialogues and Exchanges |
| 利用高層互訪和重要會(huì)議推動(dòng)談判進(jìn)程。中國(guó)國(guó)家主席胡錦濤在出席金磚國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)晤等重大多邊外交活動(dòng)中，多次發(fā)表重要講話，推動(dòng)國(guó)際社會(huì)深化合作，共同應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化這一全球性挑戰(zhàn)。溫家寶總理在出席聯(lián)合國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展大會(huì)期間，呼吁各方按照“共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任原則”應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，發(fā)展綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)，推動(dòng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 | Promoting the process of negotiations with high-level visits and major meetings. At the meeting of the leaders of BRICS nations and on other significant multi-lateral diplomatic occasions, Chinese President Hu Jintao made important speeches to encourage the international community to deepen cooperation and jointly address the global challenge of climate change. When Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao attended the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, he called on all parties to fight climate change in accordance with the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities," develop the green economy and advance sustainable development. |
| 積極參與氣候變化談判相關(guān)國(guó)際進(jìn)程。參與聯(lián)合國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展大會(huì)、“經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)能源與氣候論壇”領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人代表會(huì)議、彼得斯堡氣候變化部長(zhǎng)級(jí)對(duì)話會(huì)、多哈會(huì)議部長(zhǎng)級(jí)預(yù)備會(huì)、政府間氣候變化專門委員會(huì)以及國(guó)際民航、國(guó)際海事組織會(huì)議等系列國(guó)際磋商和交流活動(dòng)。中國(guó)還積極參與“全球清潔爐灶聯(lián)盟”、“全球甲烷倡議”、“全球農(nóng)業(yè)溫室氣體研究聯(lián)盟”、“全球碳捕集和封存研究院”等相關(guān)國(guó)家發(fā)展期的公約外應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化務(wù)實(shí)行動(dòng)倡議及相關(guān)國(guó)際機(jī)制，從多方面推動(dòng)公約主渠道的談判取得進(jìn)展。 | Proactively participating in the international process of climate change talks. China took part in a series of international consultations and exchanges, including the United States Conference on Sustainable Development, the Leaders' Representatives Meetings of the Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate, the ministerial-level dialogue meeting on climate change in St. Petersburg, the Pre-COP18 Preparatory Ministerial-Level Meeting, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and meetings of the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization. China also actively participated in climate change-related initiatives and international mechanisms outside the UNFCCC, such as the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, the Global Methane Initiative, the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gas and the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute, while promoting negotiations on the UNFCCC as the main channel to make progress. |
| 加強(qiáng)與各國(guó)磋商與對(duì)話。繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)“基礎(chǔ)四國(guó)”磋商機(jī)制，并以“基礎(chǔ)四國(guó)+”的方式，與其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家開(kāi)展對(duì)話與交流，積極維護(hù)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的利益。積極與發(fā)展中國(guó)家的智庫(kù)開(kāi)展聯(lián)合研究，共同組織相關(guān)學(xué)術(shù)研討，增進(jìn)相互理解，推動(dòng)開(kāi)展氣候變化科學(xué)研究、氣候變化國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際政策對(duì)話以及技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓、能力建設(shè)和信息共享等方面的國(guó)際合作。繼續(xù)保持與美國(guó)、歐盟、澳大利亞、日本等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)際和地區(qū)的對(duì)話磋商，增進(jìn)理解，擴(kuò)大共識(shí)。積極開(kāi)展與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相關(guān)智庫(kù)的學(xué)術(shù)交流與對(duì)話。 | Strengthening consultations and dialogues with other countries. China continues to strengthen consultation mechanisms among the BASIC countries and holds dialogues and communications with other developing countries by adopting the "BASIC plus" framework, and actively safeguarding the interests of developing countries. China is actively conducting joint research with think tanks in other developing countries, jointly organizing academic discussions to further mutual understanding and promoting international cooperation in scientific research on climate change, domestic and international dialogues on climate change polices as well as technology transfer, capacities building and information sharing. Meanwhile, China maintains dialogues and consultations with developed countries and regions including the United States, the European Union, Australia and Japan to promote understanding and expand common ground. China is also proactively conducting academic exchanges and dialogues with think tanks in developed countries. |
| （三）中國(guó)參加聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化多哈會(huì)議基本立場(chǎng)主張 | (III) China's Basic Positions and Stand on Participation in the Doha 2012 UN Climate Change Conference |
| 今年年底，聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約第十八次締約方會(huì)議和京都議定書第八次締約方會(huì)議將在卡塔爾首都多哈舉行，多哈會(huì)議對(duì)于切實(shí)維護(hù)公約和議定書的基本法律框架、加強(qiáng)公約和議定書的實(shí)施、維護(hù)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的正當(dāng)發(fā)展權(quán)益具有重要意義。今年6月，在巴西里約召開(kāi)的聯(lián)合國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展大會(huì)上，各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人重申應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的基礎(chǔ)是公約確立的公平原則、“共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任及各自能力”原則。多哈會(huì)議應(yīng)積極落實(shí)各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人達(dá)成的這一重要政治共識(shí)，繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持公約的原則和規(guī)定，確保聯(lián)合國(guó)框架下的多邊談判沿著正確的方向不斷前行。 | At the end of this year, the 18th session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC and the 8th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol will be held in Doha, the capital city of Qatar. The Doha Climate Change Conference is of great significance for maintaining the basic legal framework of the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol, strengthening the enforcement of the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol and safeguarding the legitimate development rights of developing countries. At the UN Conference on Sustainable Development convened in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 2011, government leaders reiterated that addressing climate change is based on the principle of fairness and the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities and own capacities" stipulated in the UNFCCC. The Doha Climate Change Conference should actively implement this important political consensus reached among government leaders, continue to insist on the principles and rules of the UNFCCC, and make sure that multilateral talks within the UN framework keep moving in the right direction. |
| 中國(guó)認(rèn)為，多哈會(huì)議應(yīng)把落實(shí)各方已達(dá)成的共識(shí)放在優(yōu)先位置，首先完成好巴厘路線圖的談判，關(guān)鍵是確立一個(gè)有法律約束力的議定書第二承諾期并確保其按時(shí)實(shí)施，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家切實(shí)采取行動(dòng)，兌現(xiàn)率先減排及向發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供資金和技術(shù)支持的承諾。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，多哈會(huì)議應(yīng)在以下四方面達(dá)成成果：一是就議定書第二承諾期的落實(shí)和執(zhí)行作出進(jìn)一步的明確安排，確保議定書第二承諾期于2013年1月1日按時(shí)實(shí)施，這是多哈會(huì)議最重要的成果；二是在發(fā)展中國(guó)家普遍關(guān)心的減緩、適應(yīng)、資金、技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓和能力建設(shè)等問(wèn)題上進(jìn)一步取得實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展，特別是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家須兌現(xiàn)減排和提供資金、技術(shù)和能力建設(shè)支持的承諾，確保已建立的相關(guān)機(jī)制和機(jī)構(gòu)切實(shí)發(fā)揮為發(fā)展中國(guó)家應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化提供支持的作用；三是對(duì)有關(guān)公平、貿(mào)易、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)等巴厘行動(dòng)計(jì)劃可能的未決問(wèn)題作出妥善后續(xù)安排，以成功完成好巴厘行動(dòng)計(jì)劃的談判；四是就2020年后進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)公約實(shí)施涉及的相關(guān)原則問(wèn)題充分交換意見(jiàn)，并做好德班平臺(tái)談判進(jìn)程與巴厘路線圖談判的銜接，為下一步談判奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。 | China maintains that the Doha Climate Change Conference should give priority to the implementation of the consensus reached among all parties; in the first place, the key to the successful accomplishment of the negotiations on the Bali Road Map is the establishment of a legally-binding second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol and its guaranteed timely implementation. Developed countries should take genuine actions to fulfill their promises to take the lead in reducing emission and provide funding and technology to developing countries. To be specific, the Doha Climate Change Conference should yield results in the following four areas: First, make definite arrangements for the implementation and enforcement of the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, and ensure that the second commitment period is implemented in a timely fashion on January 1, 2013. This will be the most important outcome of Doha Climate Change Conference. Second, make further substantial progress on the issues of concern to all developing countries, such as mitigation, adaptation, funding, technology transfer and capacity building. Developed countries, in particular, should fulfill their promises to reduce emissions and provide support in terms of funding, technology transfer and capacity building, and ensure that the already-established mechanisms and institutions start substantive work, and play a substantial role in offering support to developing countries in coping with climate change. Third, make proper follow-up arrangements issues left unsettled in the Bali Action Plan, such as fairness, trade and intellectual property rights, in order to successfully complete talks on the Bali Action Plan. Fourth, fully exchange views on issues relating to the continued enforcement of the UNFCCC after 2020 and align the process of the Durban Platform negotiations with the Bali Road Map negotiations in order to lay a solid foundation for further negotiations. |
| 中國(guó)支持多哈會(huì)議東道國(guó)卡塔爾遵循公開(kāi)透明、廣泛參與、協(xié)商一致和締約方驅(qū)動(dòng)的原則，推動(dòng)多哈會(huì)議取得積極成果。中國(guó)將在此過(guò)程中繼續(xù)發(fā)揮積極建設(shè)性作用，與各方一道攜手努力，推動(dòng)多哈會(huì)議取得成功。 | China supports Qatar, the host nation for the Doha Climate Change Conference, in abiding by the principles of maintaining openness and transparency, extensive participation, reaching consensus through consultations and signatory leadership, and pushes for the conference to yield a positive outcome. China will play a positive and constructive role in the process and join hands with all parties to ensure a successful conference. |
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