中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定（全文）
Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform
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調(diào)整字號大小: 
| 十四、加快生態(tài)文明制度建設(shè) | XIV. Accelerating Ecological Progress |
| 建設(shè)生態(tài)文明，必須建立系統(tǒng)完整的生態(tài)文明制度體系，實行最嚴(yán)格的源頭保護制度、損害賠償制度、責(zé)任追究制度，完善環(huán)境治理和生態(tài)修復(fù)制度，用制度保護生態(tài)環(huán)境。 | In order to promote ecological progress, we must establish complete and integrated institutions and systems, implement the strictest source protection system, damage compensation system and accountability system. We will also improve environment treatment and ecological restoration systems, and use set rules to protect the ecological environment. |
| （51）健全自然資源資產(chǎn)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度和用途管制制度。對水流、森林、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂等自然生態(tài)空間進行統(tǒng)一確權(quán)登記，形成歸屬清晰、權(quán)責(zé)明確、監(jiān)管有效的自然資源資產(chǎn)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度。建立空間規(guī)劃體系，劃定生產(chǎn)、生活、生態(tài)空間開發(fā)管制界限，落實用途管制。健全能源、水、土地節(jié)約集約使用制度。 | 51. Improving the system of natural resource property rights and the system of natural resource utilization control. We will carry out unified registration for natural ecological spaces such as rivers, forests, mountain ranges, grasslands, undeveloped land, tidal land, etc., so as to establish a natural resource property rights system with the property rights, rights and responsibilities clearly defined and characterized by effective oversight. We will establish a spatial planning system, and draw control boundaries for production, living and ecological space utilization. We will implement a system for conservation of energy, water and land resources and for their intensive use. |
| 健全國家自然資源資產(chǎn)管理體制，統(tǒng)一行使全民所有自然資源資產(chǎn)所有者職責(zé)。完善自然資源監(jiān)管體制，統(tǒng)一行使所有國土空間用途管制職責(zé)。 | We will improve the national natural resource management system, unify the duties of the people who act as the owners of public natural resources. We will improve the natural resource oversight system and unify the power over national land and space utilization. |
| （52）劃定生態(tài)保護紅線。堅定不移實施主體功能區(qū)制度，建立國土空間開發(fā)保護制度，嚴(yán)格按照主體功能區(qū)定位推動發(fā)展，建立國家公園體制。建立資源環(huán)境承載能力監(jiān)測預(yù)警機制，對水土資源、環(huán)境容量和海洋資源超載區(qū)域?qū)嵭邢拗菩源胧ο拗崎_發(fā)區(qū)域和生態(tài)脆弱的國家扶貧開發(fā)工作重點縣取消地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值考核。 | 52. Delimiting the red line for ecological protection. We will unwaveringly implement the system of functional areas, establish the system of land and space development and protection, promote development in strict accordance with the functional definition of these functional areas, and establish the national park system. We will establish the mechanism to monitor and give early warning to the carrying capacities of resources and the environment, and implement restrictive measures for regions where water and land resources, the environment and oceanic resources have been excessively exploited. We will cancel regional GDP assessment for regions under restrictive ecological development and for national key counties for poverty alleviation displaying ecological fragility. |
| 探索編制自然資源資產(chǎn)負債表，對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部實行自然資源資產(chǎn)離任審計。建立生態(tài)環(huán)境損害責(zé)任終身追究制。 | We will explore ways to compile a natural resource balance sheet and implement natural resource audits when leading officials leave their positions. We will establish a lifelong accountability system for ecological and environmental damage. |
| （53）實行資源有償使用制度和生態(tài)補償制度。加快自然資源及其產(chǎn)品價格改革，全面反映市場供求、資源稀缺程度、生態(tài)環(huán)境損害成本和修復(fù)效益。堅持使用資源付費和誰污染環(huán)境、誰破壞生態(tài)誰付費原則，逐步將資源稅擴展到占用各種自然生態(tài)空間。穩(wěn)定和擴大退耕還林、退牧還草范圍，調(diào)整嚴(yán)重污染和地下水嚴(yán)重超采區(qū)耕地用途，有序?qū)崿F(xiàn)耕地、河湖休養(yǎng)生息。建立有效調(diào)節(jié)工業(yè)用地和居住用地合理比價機制，提高工業(yè)用地價格。堅持誰受益、誰補償原則，完善對重點生態(tài)功能區(qū)的生態(tài)補償機制，推動地區(qū)間建立橫向生態(tài)補償制度。發(fā)展環(huán)保市場，推行節(jié)能量、碳排放權(quán)、排污權(quán)、水權(quán)交易制度，建立吸引社會資本投入生態(tài)環(huán)境保護的市場化機制，推行環(huán)境污染第三方治理。 | 53. Implementing sound compensation systems for use of resources and for damage to the ecological environment. We will accelerate pricing reform for natural resources and their products to give full expression to their market supply and demand, the extent of resource scarcity, ecological and environmental damage costs and restoration benefits. We will adhere to the principle that whoever uses the resources must pay for them, and that whoever pollutes the environment and damages the ecology must pay compensation, and gradually expand resource taxes to cover the possession and use of all natural and ecological resources. We will stabilize and expand the areas where farmland is converted back to forests and grassland, adjust the usage of farmland in heavily polluted areas or areas where underground water has been overused, and implement an orderly rehabilitating system for farmland, rivers and lakes. We will establish effective comparative pricing mechanism to regulate industrial land and residential land prices, and raise the price of land for industrial use. We will persist in the principle that he who profits should compensate, improve the ecological compensation mechanism for key ecological functional areas, and promote the establishment of a horizontal compensation system between regions. We will develop the environmental protection market, implement a trading system for energy conservation, carbon emission, waste discharge and water usage rights, establish a market-oriented mechanism to attract private capital to ecological and environmental protection, and implement third-party treatment of environmental pollution. |
| （54）改革生態(tài)環(huán)境保護管理體制。建立和完善嚴(yán)格監(jiān)管所有污染物排放的環(huán)境保護管理制度，獨立進行環(huán)境監(jiān)管和行政執(zhí)法。建立陸海統(tǒng)籌的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護修復(fù)和污染防治區(qū)域聯(lián)動機制。健全國有林區(qū)經(jīng)營管理體制，完善集體林權(quán)制度改革。及時公布環(huán)境信息，健全舉報制度，加強社會監(jiān)督。完善污染物排放許可制，實行企事業(yè)單位污染物排放總量控制制度。對造成生態(tài)環(huán)境損害的責(zé)任者嚴(yán)格實行賠償制度，依法追究刑事責(zé)任。 | 54. Reforming the ecological protection management system. We will establish and improve an environmental protection system that strictly supervises the emission of all pollutants, and independently conduct environmental supervision and administrative law enforcement. We will establish a joint interregional mechanism for comprehensive land and marine ecosystem protection, restoration and pollution prevention. We will improve the operation and management system for the state-owned forest regions and press ahead with the reform of collective forest rights. We will publicize environmental information in a timely manner, improve reporting system, and strengthen social supervision. We will improve the licensing system for pollutant emission, and implement quantity control system for pollution emission by enterprises and public institutions. We will strictly implement the compensation system for those responsible for ecological or environmental damage, and investigate any criminal responsibilities in accordance with the law. |
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